南京冬季城、郊下垫面能量平衡特征分析   总被引：7，自引：5，他引：2  

彭江良  吴息  江志红  刘红年 《气象科学》2008,28(1):21-29

本文利用2006年2月17日-3月2日在南京市区和郊区测得的辐射、湍流通量和脉动风速资料,定量分析了城、郊不同下垫面辐射收支、热量平衡特征及各分量的变化,结果表明:(1)不同天气条件下辐射平衡特征城、郊有一定差异,在晴天时差异最大,在下雪天时差异最小,但多云时更接近各辐射分量城、郊差异的平均特征;(2)城、郊下垫面感热和潜热分布不均,尤其是潜热城、郊对比有较大差异;(3)观测期间平均波文比(Qh/Qe)市区为7.8,与荒漠干旱地区接近,郊区为1.8.  相似文献   

Grinding of mineral mixtures in high-pressure grinding rolls     

Abdel-Zaher M. Abouzeid  Douglas W. Fuerstenau 《International Journal of Mineral Processing》2009,93(1):59-65

Attempts at improving comminution machines generally have been directed towards increasing the performance efficiency, particularly increasing throughput rate and decreasing energy consumption. The latest and most successful new comminution technology has been the high-pressure grinding rolls (HPGR), which have proved to be highly efficient in energy consumption and to have a relatively high throughput rate at low steel consumption. Already used extensively in cement plants worldwide, the first HPGRs in the mineral industry were installed in plants processing diamond ores. They are now finding their way into the large-scale base-metal mining industry. Since feed constituents in natural ores vary in their physical properties such as hardness, plasticity and brittleness, the present paper is concerned with an investigation of the behavior of a heterogeneous feed as it passes through the HPGR. The effect of feed composition on operational parameters, the energy efficiency of comminution, and energy distribution among the feed components is addressed. Mineral particles with high hardness act as energy transfer agents in the roll gap and enhance the grinding of softer mineral particles in a mixed feed.  相似文献   

Analytical evaluation of the relativistic thermodynamic functions using binomial expansion theorem and incomplete Gamma functions     

B.A. Mamedov 《New Astronomy》2012,17(3):353-355

A simple evaluation algorithm for calculation of the fermions and bosons relativistic thermodynamic functions with high accuracy is presented. This method is based on the use of the binomial expansion theorems and incomplete Gamma functions. The importance of this result is that it enables a series analytical formula to determine the thermodynamic functions of fermions and bosons in cases of degeneracy and relativity. The formulas obtained are numerically stable for ψ < 0. Examples of comparative calculations are given. Numerical results verify the effectiveness of the present approach and they are in good agreement with literature.  相似文献   

边界层湍流输送的若干问题和大气线性热力学   总被引：16，自引：9，他引：7  

胡隐樵  左洪超 《高原气象》2004,23(2):132-138

总结了大气线性热力学基本理论,讨论了大气边界层的能量和物质输送交叉耦合效应,还讨论了大气系统动力过程和热力过程的交叉耦合效应。分析指出：由于动力过程和热力过程的交叉耦合效应,导致大气边界层能量和物质输送过程除了湍流输送外,还应包括大气辐散和辐合运动对能量和物质的输送。非均匀下垫面大气边界层和对流边界层辐散和辐合运动对能量和物质输送是重要的。在这个基础上,讨论了非均匀下垫面和对流边界层地表能量的平衡问题,非均匀下垫面和对流边界层陆面过程边界层参数化等问题。这些研究不仅丰富了大气边界层物理理论,而且为克服当前大气边界层物理应用中所遇到的困难提供了理论依据。  相似文献   

A comparative study of energy performance of hydrostatic seafloor sediment samplers and a new high-efficiency sampler     

《Applied Ocean Research》2019

The hydrostatic energy of high-pressure seawater is a renewable and green energy source for ocean exploration and have been used to replace underwater electrical energy transmission through the cable and underwater battery pack to power seafloor equipment. The advantage of the energy supply method is the cost-effective and the robustness. In the paper, the energy performance of the existing hydrostatic seafloor sediment samplers powered by seawater hydrostatic energy are modelled and analyzed and compared. In view of the common shortcoming of existing technology, a novel hydrostatic seafloor sediment sampler is proposed. The model of energy conversion of the new sampler is built, and its energy performance is obtained. The analysis results indicate that the energy conversion efficiency of the novel sediment sampler is much higher than the existing ones, which means that the new sampler can collect much longer sample with the limited amount of hydrostatic energy. The seawater hydrostatic energy conversion system of the new sampler can also be used to power other seafloor equipment.  相似文献   

My neighbourhood,my country or my planet? The influence of multiple place attachments and climate change concern on social acceptance of energy infrastructure     

《Global Environmental Change》2017

Research on place attachments and identities has made an important contribution to understanding social acceptance of low carbon infrastructure, which are often objected to by local communities. However, a focus on local attachments predominates in studies to date, neglecting the potential role of national and global attachments and identities on energy beliefs and attitudes, despite the fact that large energy infrastructures are not only local in significance or function. To investigate this, survey data was collected from a representative sample of UK adults (N = 1519), capturing place attachments at local, national and global levels, climate change concern, beliefs about power lines and support for energy system change. Findings show significant differences in infrastructure beliefs and attitudes depending upon relative strength of attachments at different levels, controlling for personal characteristics. Analyses of variance revealed that individuals with stronger national than local or global attachments were less likely to support European grid integration; those with relatively stronger global attachment were most likely to support decentralised energy and those with relatively stronger local attachment were most likely to protest against a nearby power line. In addition, those with strong attachments at local, national and global levels were most willing to reduce energy demand, and those with weak attachments were least likely to trust grid companies. Relatively stronger global than national attachment was positively associated with support for decentralised energy, with this effect partially mediated by climate change concern. Explanations for the findings and implications for future research are discussed.  相似文献   

Mitigating Risks From Fracking-Related Earthquakes: Assessing State Regulatory Decisions     

Charles Davis  Jonathan M. Fisk 《社会与自然资源》2017,30(8):1009-1025

Public concern about earthquakes linked to wastewater injection from fracking operations is rising. However, few have examined how “induced seismicity” is acted upon by state officials. For some, an incremental response to smaller quakes can be viewed as an acceptable risk policy orientation because of the sizeable economic benefits that accompany drilling activities while others prefer risk mitigation policies (such as the use of “threshold policies”) as a better way to address quake-related problems. To account for state response to induced seismicity impacts, we examine three factors: the emergence of quakes as focusing events, the economic importance of oil and gas to state jobs and revenue, and selected characteristics of earthquakes as a policy issue, i.e., complexity and categorical precedence. Using information drawn from documentary sources, we consider which factors are most helpful in accounting for agency decisions aimed at reducing seismic risks linked to nearby injection wells.  相似文献   

关于业务上应用条件对称不稳定相关问题的讨论   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

章丽娜  周小刚  夏扬 《气象学报》2018,76(5):824-832

条件对称不稳定（CSI）理论常常被用来作为倾斜对流的发展机制之一,在业务上常用来解释与锋面相联系的一条或多条中尺度雨带、雷达图像上观测到的带状雨带的成因等。条件对称不稳定的诊断包括CSI斜率判据、斜升对流有效位能（SCAPE）、湿对称不稳定（MSI）、相当位涡（EPV）等判据。业务预报人员存疑较多的问题是这些方法是否具有一致性并在业务上如何使用。针对上述问题,首先通过与业务预报人员较熟悉的条件不稳定类型作类比,来说明条件对称不稳定两种判据与条件不稳定两种判据的相似性。但在业务使用上,判别条件对称不稳定时多使用CSI斜率判据,即等动量面的坡度大于等位温面坡度而小于等湿球位温面坡度。由于条件对称不稳定通常出现在大气处于几乎饱和的情况下,此时的CSI斜率判据则演变为湿对称不稳定判据,即等动量面坡度小于等湿球位温面坡度。为判别相当位涡与湿对称不稳定判据是否具有一致性,文中的推导和实例分析均表明,二维相当位涡实际上是湿对称不稳定判据的另一种表现形式,但是湿对称不稳定判据需主观去比较等相当位温面与等动量面斜率大小,而二维相当位涡则可通过其是否小于0进行客观判断。需注意的是,在与推导条件对称不稳定斜率判据相同的二维坐标下,相当位涡与湿对称不稳定判据才具有一致性,将相当位涡扩展到常规坐标下使用三维相当位涡作为湿对称不稳定判据是不可取的。   相似文献   

King Canute muses in the South Seas: Why aren’t Pacific Islands transitioning to low carbon sea transport futures?     

《Marine Policy》2017

Transition to low carbon sea transport is a logical response to the extreme dependency of the Pacific Islands region on imported fossil fuel, its significant vulnerability to the effects of climate change and the critical shipping needs of Pacific Island countries (PICs). Building on previous work in low carbon sea transport in the Pacific, this paper further considers the barriers to achieving such transition by assessing, through a ‘post-Paris Agreement’ lens, the Intended Nationally Determined Contributions (INDCs) submitted by PICs and contrasting these to the near total lack of investment and planning for low carbon transition in the transport sector with the parallel occurrence in the electricity sector where ~USD 2 billion of donor investment is deployed or queued despite electricity using only ~20% of fossil fuel across the region. Consistent with recent international studies, inadequate and inappropriate financing and policy have been identified as dominant transition barriers for low carbon sea transport development in PICs. This paper further examines the regional level barriers to policy development, and finds them inhibited by the silo nature of the major regional actors. The implications that the Paris Agreement has for climate financing to support the essential research and capacity development needed to underpin a successful low carbon sea transport transition strategy at any useful scale and speed are also considered in this paper.  相似文献   

基于能量运算的磁共振信号尖峰噪声抑制方法   总被引：5，自引：4，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

万玲  张扬  林君  蒋川东  林婷婷 《地球物理学报》2016,59(6):2290-2301

磁共振探测信号微弱,使用高灵敏度的核磁共振地下水探测仪,极易受到环境噪声干扰.其中,工频谐波噪声和尖峰噪声,是影响信号质量最严重的两类噪声.国内外研究表明,通过参考线圈的布设,依据探测线圈和参考线圈中噪声相关性,利用自适应参考对消算法,能够有效抑制工频谐波噪声.然而,尖峰噪声的存在严重影响了主通道与参考道的数据相关性,成为了参考对消算法应用的难题与障碍.为解决这一问题,本文提出磁共振信号中尖峰噪声的抑制方法,推导了能量域磁共振信号表达式,通过计算信号能量,可有效检测尖峰噪声并突出不易识别的小幅度尖峰噪声,采用基于中位数的绝对偏差法确定阈值,进而剔除尖峰噪声.为了验证去噪效果,与应用较广的统计叠加法进行对比研究.仿真结果表明,对于干扰幅度较大、持续时间较长的尖峰噪声,能量运算法和统计叠加法均能识别并剔除,且不损失有效的磁共振信号,标准差偏差控制在0.3%以内,可以满足实际应用的要求;对于小于信号幅度1.5倍的尖峰噪声,能量运算法可有效识别并剔除,而统计叠加法无法实现.针对多通道探测系统,使用能量运算法剔除尖峰噪声后,可明显提高主通道和参考道的数据相关性,为后续自适应参考对消算法的应用奠定了基础.实测数据处理结果进一步证明了本文方法的实用性.  相似文献