An Electronic Chart Display and Information System     

Xiaoxia Wan  Chaohua Gan  Chun Huang 《Marine Geodesy》2013,36(2):175-189

This article introduces the most advanced form of electronic chart display and information systems (ECDIS) which complies with the performance standards for ECDIS established by the International Maritime Organization (IMO) and International Hydrographic Organization (IHO). It also describes the key features and the important functions of ECDIS, which we developed. This system is different from the productions developed by C-map, Seven-cs, offshore, and others. It is more suitable for China Marine Safety Administration Bureau to manage the navigation marks real-time. Using this system charts were located and accessed rapidly, and displayed smoothly. This article also discusses in ECDIS application system how to dynamically access and desert charts data in a limited memory (limited computer memory and resource). We constructed a tridimensional structure to manage a large amount of charts data. Vertically, according to the scale range, all charts were divided into eight levels, and a data structure called as “Multiple Scale Quad-tree” was constructed. And horizontally, a grid (every unit has a fixed size) was given to a certain scale level. We call this data structure a “Regular Page.” We explore the implementation of such a structure on the worldwide charts management utilizing quad-trees. Then we discuss the future development of ECDIS and its application system in marine agencies in China.  相似文献   

有限样本类别城市高光谱数据SVM分类应用分析     

孙晓霞  李利伟  杨玲  高连如 《测绘通报》2014,(11):33-36

对比分析线性核函数和非线性核函数支持向量机算法在样本类别不足情况下城市高光谱影像分类中的应用。选用张掖地区高光谱影像作为试验区,依据高分影像和地面调研信息获取参考样本数据,利用非线性核函数和线性核函数的支持向量机进行影像分类,获取每一类别的分类后验概率图,对分类后验概率图采用0.2,0.4,0.6,0.8,0.9的后验概率截断,分析不同截断概率下的地物分类精度变化情况,结果表明：线性核函数和非线性核函数SVM方法的结论相似,随着截断概率的增加,分类结果中用户精度提高或保持稳定,制图精度下降或保持稳定,总体分类精度先提高后降低,但波动幅度不大。所以,SVM的后验概率可以用于指导类别不足时城市高光谱影像的分类。通过分析各类地物的混淆矩阵,可知,非线性核函数的SVM方法比线性核函数SVM方法更敏感,在低后验概率下就可以准确提取出未分类信息,而线性核函数SVM在高后验概率下才能提取出未分类信息,而且还混入了许多训练过的类别信息。所以,非线性核函数SVM方法的分类精度更稳定,利用后验概率提取未分类信息的可信度更高。  相似文献   

Photochemical activity and characterization of the complex of humic acids with iron(III)     

Xiaoxia Ou  Shuo ChenXie Quan  Huimin Zhao 《Journal of Geochemical Exploration》2009

This study examined the effects of humic acids (HA) and Fe(III)–HA complex on the photodegradation of atrazine, one of the most widely used herbicides. It was shown that the photolysis of atrazine proceeded via first-order reaction kinetics and that atrazine photodegradation was inhibited by the presence of HA, whereas the rate for atrazine photolysis was promoted in solutions containing both HA and Fe(III). Interactions of Fe(III) with HA were characterized by SEM, EDX, UV–Vis and FTIR, revealing that Fe(III)–HA complex was formed by ligand exchange between oxygen groups of HA and Fe(III). Using fluorescence spectrometry the stability constant (K_c) and the fraction of fluorophores available for complexation (f) were obtained as log K_c = 4.28 and f = 74%. Photoformed Fe(II) by ligand-to-metal charge-transfer (LMCT) within the Fe(III)–HA complex was the most important factor involved in photolysis of atrazine, since Fe(II) was the reactant to generate hydroxyl radical. Thus, the rate of atrazine photodegradation in natural sunlit waters is dependent on both the amount of iron present and the interaction between HA and iron.  相似文献   

汶川地震前GPS资料反映的应变率场演化特征   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

武艳强  江在森  杨国华  刘晓霞  赵静 《大地测量与地球动力学》2011,31(5):20-25

对中国大陆东西向应变率场的研究结果表明,青藏块体西部（92°E以西）东西向拉张区和青藏块体东部（92°E以东）东西向挤压区反映了青藏高原物质东向流动受到了华北 华南地块的阻挡,形成了空间跨度约900 km的压缩区,3期应变率场结果均显示南北地震带中段位于东西向压应变率高值区。川滇地区应变率场结果表明,巴颜喀拉地块东向运动的增强导致了汶川地震震源区面应变率的集中;在东西向挤压高值区逐渐向东迁移的过程中,龙门山断裂带的东西向挤压变形逐渐增强;旋转率场动态演化结果表明,2004—2007年龙门山南段的逆时针旋转变形强度有所减弱,龙门山断裂带中北部的顺时针旋转变形有所增强;主应变率分布特征由散乱到一致的演化特征表明龙门山断裂带闭锁状态伴随着挤压和右旋剪切作用的增强达到了极高点。  相似文献   

1991—2004年GPS观测的中国大陆地壳动态变形特征     

曹建玲  王辉  武艳强  刘晓霞  张晶 《中国地震研究》2015,29(2):225-236

Based on GPS data from 1991- 2004 and the least-squares collocation method,we analyze the crustal deformation in the Chinese mainland. The results show that the first-order crustal deformation is unchanged in different periods in the Chinese mainland,which reflects the background of regional tectonic activity. The strain rate is much higher in Western China,especially in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and Sichuan-Yunnan area. The variations in different periods are related with seismicity of strong earthquakes during the same time. The GPS data after 2004 shows the post-seismic deformation of the 2001 Kunlun Mountains M S8. 1 earthquake.  相似文献   

有关新疆铜矿找矿勘查的几点启示          下载免费PDF全文

廖启林  刘悟辉  赵晓霞  邱冬生 《地质找矿论丛》1999,14(1):53-59

近二十年来,新疆铜矿勘查取得了显著成就,也展示了更好的未来,本文根据新疆铜矿的基本成矿规律与分布特征,提出了新疆铜矿找矿的三个主攻类型、三个远景类型及有利于形成铜矿的四片地块,铜矿趋向于集中在板块的结合部位、古生代是新疆铜矿的成矿时期,并就如何进一不开展新疆铜矿的找矿勘查提出了建议。  相似文献   

黄河三角洲平原型水库大型底栖动物对磷的积累效应     

王宇庭  曲晓  张月辉  焦晓霞 《湖泊科学》2006,18(2):173-178

2003年春、夏、秋季对黄河三角洲7座平原型水库进行了4次调查,发现:1)由摇蚊科幼虫和水蚯蚓构成的大型底栖动物,体内磷含量随底泥沉积磷的增加而增加(P<0．000),底柄动物对沉积磷的积累系数亦随沉积磷含量的增加而增加(p<0．000);2)4、5月份摇蚊幼虫在底栖动物体所占不同比例(20％-100％),没有显示与底柄动物体内磷含量任何关系;3)底栖动物含磷量与水层总磷无显著相关关系;4)底柄动物生物量与沉积总磷仅4月份有相关(p<0．10),其中摇蚊幼虫生物量与沉积磷量相关显著(P<0．05),总体上,水库底柄动物最高生物量随沉积磷增加而增加;5)底栖动物生物量与水层总磷无相关关系,但去掉底层鱼产量高的水库后,8月份二者有显著相关关系(p<0．03),且总体底栖动物最高生物量也随水层总磷增加而增加．认为:1)由摇蚊科幼虫和水蚯蚓构成的大型底柄动物对磷的积累以及摇蚊幼虫的生物量均与水体磷负荷有密切关系;2)摇蚊幼虫和水蚯蚓含磷量(干重)差异不明显;3)以摇蚊幼虫为主的底栖动物对磷的积累主要来自沉积磷的影响,受季节的影响相对较弱;4)底栖动物生物量主要受水层总磷的控制,也受鱼类摄食以及摇蚊幼虫个体羽化时间不一致的影响．  相似文献   

黄河口外沉积物氧化还原环境的表征   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

李学刚  宋金明  吕晓霞  袁华茂  詹天荣  李宁 《海洋通报》2004,23(4):25-31

为了评价黄河口外石油开发区沉积物的氧化还原特征,本文根据2002年9月航次所取得的黄河口外41个柱状沉积物样品,研究了该区沉积物氧化还原特征参数Fe^3 ,Fe^2 ,Fe^3 ／Fe^2 及Eh,Es和有机碳、氧化还原度(ROD)等的分布特征,以及这些参数之间的相关关系。研究表明,Fe^3 ,Fe^2 ,Fe^3 ／Fe^2 及Eh,Es和有机碳、氧化还原度(ROD)等在表层沉积物中各站之间的差别不大。Fe^3 和Fe^2 在0～40cm深度范围内变化比较复杂。40cm以后变的相对比较稳定。而Eh和Es有随深度减小的趋势,ROD在整个研究区都小于1,有机碳的含量高于整个渤海的平均值。综合所有氧化还原特征参数的特征,可确认该区沉积物的氧化还原环境为还原性,该还原性特征主要是由有机碳控制的,而活性铁的贡献不明显。  相似文献   

Experimental investigations of the soil water retention curve under multiple drying–wetting cycles     

Wen  Tiande  Shao  Longtan  Guo  Xiaoxia  Zhao  Yanru 《Acta Geotechnica》2020,15(11):3321-3326

Acta Geotechnica - Natural soils usually experience multiple drying and wetting cycles in geotechnical engineering. In this paper, the influences of history of drying and wetting upon the...  相似文献   

山东省春季大暴雨天气的形成机制个例分析   总被引：17，自引：3，他引：14  

杨晓霞赵宇  高留喜 《气象科技》2005,33(1):45-49,67

应用T213数值预报产品的分析场和6h预报场资料对山东省春季一次暴雨天气的成因进行了分析,结果表明：这次春季暴雨主要是受850hPa低涡和地面气旋影响产生的,低涡中心和气旋中心北部的辐合上升运动触发对流不稳定能量释放,产生暴雨。低空西南风急流为暴雨提供了充足的水汽和不稳定能量。暴雨区低层有较大的正螺旋度和非地转Q^*矢量辐合,说明暴雨区有中尺度和大尺度上升运动相叠加。与夏季暴雨的不同在于副热带系统较弱而西风带系统起主导作用,暴雨前后冷暖空气活动剧烈。  相似文献