基于28S rRNA 基因片段的翼形亚纲(Bivalvia:Pteriomorphia) 系统发育的初步研究     

薛东秀  王海艳  张涛  张素萍  徐凤山 《海洋与湖沼》2012,43(2):348-356

采用从GenBank下载的翼形亚纲11个总科80个种类的28S部分序列,对翼形亚纲11个总科贝类进行系统发育关系研究。在获得的1252个序列位点中,去除插入缺失位点,变异位点共359个,其中简约位点300个。翼形亚纲各总科内各种间的遗传距离为0.01—0.14,明显小于各总科间的遗传距离(除蚶总科与拟锉蛤总科,双肌蛤总科与襞蛤总科以及两总科与贻贝总科外)。贝叶斯树和最大似然树均支持翼形亚纲为单系群,并将11个总科分为3个聚类簇:聚类簇Ⅰ为珍珠贝总科(Pterioidea)、牡蛎总科(Ostreoidea)和江珧总科(Pinnoidea),聚类簇Ⅱ为贻贝总科(Mytiloidea)、蚶总科(Arcoidea)和拟锉蛤总科(Limopsoidea),聚类簇Ⅲ为襞蛤总科(Plicatuloidea)、不等蛤总科(Anomioidea)、双肌蛤总科(Dimyoidea)、扇贝总科(Pectinoidea)和锉蛤总科(Limoidea)。根据本研究的结果,并结合其他学者提出的分类系统,构建了包括4目11总科的翼形亚纲分类系统。  相似文献   

Ancient DNA sequences from Coelodonta antiquitatis in China reveal its divergence and phylogeny     

JunXia Yuan  GuiLian Sheng  XinDong Hou  XiaoYan Shuang  Jian Yi  Hong Yang  XuLong Lai 《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2014,57(3):388-396

Ancient DNA data have supported a sister relationship between woolly rhinoceros and extant Sumatran rhinoceros.This relationship has been used to explore the divergent times for the woolly rhinoceros from their relatives.Complete and partial ancient DNA sequences of the mitochondrial cytochrome b(cyt b)gene were retrieved from bones of the late Pleistocene Coelodonta antiquitatis excavated from northern and northeastern China.The newly obtained sequences together with the European and northern Asian Coelodonta antiquitatis sequences from GenBank were used to estimate the evolutionary divergence time.Phylogenetic analyses showed the exchange of genetic information between the Chinese individuals and Coelodonta antiquitatis of north Asia,which also indicated a more recent evolutionary timescale(3.8–4.7 Ma)than previous molecular estimations(17.5–22.8 or 21–26 Ma)for woolly rhinoceros based on the fossil calibration of outgroups.This new timescale was more consistent with the fossil record of the earliest known genus Coelodonta.  相似文献   

尾索动物线粒体基因组特征比较及分子系统发育   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

申欣  田美  孟学平  程汉良  李士虎 《海洋科学》2012,36(11):30-37

为全面揭示尾索动物线粒体基因组的基本特征,作者系统分析了12种尾索动物的线粒体基因组全序列,尾索动物线粒体基因组所有的基因均在同一链上编码,这与脊椎动物、头索动物线粒体基因组的基因分布特征显著不同.与后生动物线粒体基因组标准的基因组成相比,尾索动物线粒体基因组存在转运 RNA基因的增加以及部分物种 atp8基因的缺失.在尾索动物线粒体基因组中发生了大规模的基因重排,即使在同属物种的线粒体基因组中,也存在主编码基因的基因重排及基因缺失.尾索动物线粒体基因组蛋白质编码基因的起始密码子、终止密码子及氨基酸长度存在明显差异.2个玻璃海鞘(Ciona intestinalis 和 C. savignyi)线粒体基因组12个蛋白质编码基因的 Ka/Ks 比值都低于1(0.0927~0.6752),显示出一定的负选择.在所有的主编码基因中, nad5基因和nad4基因的变异位点最多,可以作为备选的分子标记,用于分析尾索动物不同物种之间的生物多样性.基于线粒体基因组的系统发育分析,支持尾索动物在科级的亲缘关系为:(((柄海鞘科 Pyuridae+芋海鞘科 Styelidae)+(((三段海鞘科Polyclinidae+星骨海鞘科Didemnidae)+簇海鞘科Clavelinidae)+玻璃海鞘科Cionidae))+长纹海鞘科Ascidiidae)+海樽科Doliolidae.  相似文献   

Genetic differentiation of the soft shore barnacle Fistulobalanus albicostatus (Cirripedia: Thoracica: Balanomorpha) in the West Pacific          下载免费PDF全文

Yen Wei Chang  Joanna S. M. Chan  Ryota Hayashi  Takuho Shuto  Ling Ming Tsang  Ka Hou Chu  Benny K. K. Chan 《Marine Ecology》2017,38(2)

This study examined the phylogeography of the barnacle Fistulobalanus albicostatus, which inhabits mangroves and estuarine shores in the West Pacific. Differentiation in the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) and 12S ribosomal RNA (12S) genes of 401 specimens of F. albicostatus was examined in samples from 16 locations in the West Pacific, ranging from Honshu to Southern China. Our results revealed that F. albicostatus comprises two major clades exhibiting a COI divergence ranging from 1.25% to 2.8%. Clade A demonstrated the widest distribution, ranging from Japan to China, and was divided into three subclades occurring in the South China Sea (A1), Okinawa (A2), and Honshu, Korea and Qingdao (A3). Clade B was determined to be endemic to Okinawa; i.e. two endemic lineages occur in this island. Thus, F. albicostatus resembles several inter‐tidal species in having clades that are endemic to Okinawan waters. Nevertheless, in contrast to the rocky inter‐tidal barnacles Tetraclita spp. and Chthamalus malayensis, F. albicostatus was not found to be separated into continental and oceanic populations, but instead is divided into northern and southern clades, probably because of the Yangtze River discharge, which limits gene flow between the northern and southern populations.  相似文献   

广东省千灯湖拟柱孢藻(Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii)的形态和产毒能力的株间差异及系统进化     

路琰  雷敏婷  叶金梅  雷腊梅  韩博平 《湖泊科学》2020,32(1):144-153

拟柱孢藻(Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii)是一种入侵蓝藻,能够产生拟柱孢藻毒素(cylindrospermopsin,CYN),严重危害人类健康.现有研究表明该藻已在我国广泛分布,更是华南地区常见的水华蓝藻,但目前对其产毒和起源还缺乏了解.本研究以中国广东省千灯湖分离出的10株拟柱孢藻为材料,对它们的生长、形态和产毒特性进行了观测,并构建了基于nif H和rpo C1基因的双基因系统进化树.结果表明,10株拟柱孢藻藻丝体形态均呈笔直型,除QDH1藻株外,其他的拟柱孢藻均可产生端生异形胞,厚壁孢子也常有出现;10藻株丝体的平均长度在41.0~77.7μm之间,宽度在2.433~3.125μm之间,它们的长宽比值差异显著.10藻株的比生长速率差异极显著,为0.075~0.174 d-1.检测发现10株藻中仅QDH7藻株可检测到6个CYN合成酶基因,液相色谱串联质谱法(LC-MS/MS)分析表明该藻株主要产生deoxy-CYN异构体,其浓度可达1745.19 ng/mL.系统进化分析表明千灯湖的拟柱孢藻与澳大利亚、欧洲和国内其他地区的藻株同源性较高,但基于rpo C1和nif H基因不能区分千灯湖的产毒藻株和非产毒藻株.本研究证实了广东省水体中存在产毒拟柱孢藻,需防范这类新型产毒蓝藻水华所带来的生态风险.  相似文献   

分离自中国胶州湾的褐色马格里夫藻(Margalefidinium fulvescens)的形态学和系统进化特征     

胡章喜  邓蕴彦  李宇航  TANG Ying Zhong 《海洋学报(英文版)》2018,37(10):11-17

The dinoflagellate genus Margalefidinium has been split from Cochlodinium as a new genus recently and Margalefidinium fulvescens is one of the five Margalefidinium species. Margalefidinium fulvescens is toxic and has been reported from the coastal waters of USA, Canada, Mexico, China, Japan, Indonesia, Korea, Pakistan and Spain. Here we provide the morphological and phylogenetic characterization for an isolate of it from the Jiaozhou Bay, Qingdao, China. Our results showed that the vegetative cells were subspherical to ellipsoidal, 34–60 μm in length, and 19–41 μm in width. Both single cell forms and colonies in chains of 2, 4, or 8 cells were observed in cultures, but chain forms with 2 or 4 cells were observed more often in the field samples. The cingulum was rather deep, encircling the cell approximately twice, but the sulcus was rather narrow, surrounding the cell about one turn. The nucleus was spherical and located at the central epicone. The chloroplasts were granular, brownish, and scattered peripherally. An orange pigmented body also appeared in the epicone. The apical groove appeared vase-like as previously described. Under epi-fluorescence microscopy, a pumpkin-like structure was clearly observed, in which cells were embedded. Cells were observed to exit from the structure, which led us to a hypothesis that the structure may provide cells a shelter to avoid predation or to respond to other stresses. The phylogenetic analyses based on partial LSU rDNA sequences indicated that M. fulvescens from the Jiaozhou Bay was grouped with M. fulvescens populations from other origins and closely related to the clade of M. polykrikoides.Our morphological observations and phylogenetic analyses together confirmed the presence of M. fulvescens in China and our monitoring has also observed the species dominant in the dinoflagellate community of the Jiaozhou Bay in the early autumn of 2015, which alerted us to continually monitor this bloom-forming species in the region.  相似文献   

中华原始软骨硬鳞鱼之再描述及其地质时代     

卢立伍  谭锴  王曦 《地学前缘》2020,27(6):371-381

鲟形鱼类是一类脊椎骨尚未完全骨化、鳞片极度退化的原始辐鳍鱼类。本文重新系统描述了该类别中时代最古老的中华原始软骨硬鳞鱼(Eochondrosteus sinensis Lu,Li et Yang, 2005),补充并修订了其古生物学特征。该鱼类具有扇形的下鳃盖骨、多块条形鳃条骨、较大的喉板骨、具齿的上、下颌,且全身仅在尾鳍上叶具有鳞片等特征,可以区别于鲟形鱼类其他属种。初步的支序系统发育分析表明,Eochondrosteus可能是鲟形鱼类中最原始的类群,与所有其他鲟形鱼类的祖先类群构成一个姐妹群;同时其具有一些古鳕类才普遍拥有的特征,如相对较大的喉板骨和眶下骨等,有可能是原始辐鳍鱼类向鲟形鱼类进化过程中的过渡类型。这一鲟形鱼类化石产于甘肃省肃北县马鬃山镇西北约50 km的方山口组深灰色粉砂质页岩中。根据野外实地调查和岩石地层学、生物地层学对比,该鱼类的时代有可能是早三叠世,而非命名时认为的晚二叠世,但仍是迄今已发现的时代最古老之鲟形鱼类。  相似文献   

二种核糖体型的多环马格里夫藻(Margalefidinium polykrikoides)的形态和超微结构比较及分子系统学分析     

翟 《海洋与湖沼》2019,50(6):1252-1262

多环马格里夫藻是一种世界性广泛分布的有毒有害藻华原因种。过去30多年里多环马格里夫藻藻华在许多国家频繁暴发且呈快速扩散趋势。过去的研究根据不同地理来源种群在核糖体大亚基基因序列的显著差别,将其分成4种不同核糖体型(ribotype),即东亚型、菲律宾型、美国/马来西亚型和地中海型。但是,不同核糖体型的种群在形态和超微结构上是否也存在可辨识差异尚未见深入研究。为此,本文对从中国青岛胶州湾、美国东海岸和马来西亚近海分离的三株多环马格里夫藻(中国株MPJZBC3、美国株CP1和马来西亚株MPCoKK23)的细胞表面形态和超微结构进行了比较研究,并进一步基于核糖体大亚基序列进行了分子系统学分析。结果首先证明了分离自胶州湾的多环马格里夫藻属于东亚核糖体型,而美国株和马来西亚株均属美国/马来西亚型(中国株与美国株及马来西亚株在1523个碱基的核糖体大亚基序列上相似性为93.6%)。但是,在所有常用的具有分类学意义的细胞形态学和超微结构特征上[细胞大小、单细胞或群体及群体细胞数、上下锥形状、横沟位移度(绕细胞圈数)、纵沟形态、顶沟形态、细胞核位置与形状、染色体形状与数目、叶绿体的形状、结构、数目及分布、淀粉核形态等],中国株与美国株和马来西亚株(也即东亚核糖体型和美国/马来西亚核糖体型)都没有明显可区分的差别。因此,我们认为应该在生活史、休眠孢囊形态和生理学特征(如毒素种类及毒性强弱)以及性别相容性(sexualcompatibility)等方面开展进一步比较研究,以获得对不同核糖体型种群的识别性状。在现阶段有害藻华的野外监测中,尤其是对于不同核糖体型种群可能造成的生物入侵的监测和追溯,多环马格里夫藻的鉴定尚必须以核糖体基因序列作为可靠的判决依据。  相似文献   

中国常见贻贝基于28S rDNA序列的系统发育分析     

郭笳  谢慧盈  张振  胡利莎  刘玉盟  马培振  王海艳  李翠 《海洋与湖沼》2020,51(3):613-621

贻贝隶属于软体动物门(Mollusca)、双壳纲(Bivalvia)、翼形亚纲(Pteriomorphia)、贻贝目(Mytilida)、贻贝超科(Mytiloidea),大约有400种贻贝分布在世界各地,可适应淡水、潮间带至深海多种生境。本实验以贻贝科6亚科12属28种中国沿海常见贻贝的28SrDNA为目的片段,构建系统发育进化树,运用最大似然法和贝叶斯推演法分析了贻贝科的系统发生,并追踪贻贝科物种系统演化历史。结果显示:贻贝亚科Mytilinae、偏顶蛤亚科Modiolinae、石蛏亚科Lithophaginae均非单系群。在属阶元,深海偏顶蛤属Bathymodiolus、贻贝属Mytilus和股贻贝属Perna为单系群。本研究发现应接受将原隔贻贝属Septifer分为Septifer属和Mytilisepta属的分类提议;应接受将原石蛏属Lithophaga中的膜石蛏亚属Leiosolenus提升至属的地位的分类提议。此外,短齿蛤属Brachidontes的单系性不被支持,刻缘短齿蛤Brachidontessetiger并未与短齿蛤属其他物种在系统发育树上聚拢,亲缘关系较远,为不同属物种,建议恢复刻缘短齿蛤原属名Volsella (Dunker, 1857)。  相似文献   

我国北部湾球形棕囊藻(Phaeocystis globosa)的表面形态和细胞超微结构的电镜观察     

胡章喜  邓蕴彦  唐赢中 《海洋与湖沼》2019,50(3):621-629

本文首次对分离于我国广西北部湾的一株棕囊藻(Phaeocystis)纯培养进行了形态学研究。通过对其核糖体大亚基序列(LSU rDNA)进行了系统进化分析,并运用光学显微镜、扫描电镜和透射电镜等,对该藻的游动单细胞和囊体细胞表面结构和超微结构进行了详细的观察。结果表明,通过分子序列和形态学特征确证了该纯培养为球形棕囊藻(Phaeocystisglobosa)。通过分子系统进化分析,从北部湾获得的球形棕囊藻与同属的P. antarctica和P. rex的亲缘关系较近,但与P. jahnii的亲缘关系相对较远。我们发现该藻至少有两种类型的细胞:具鞭毛游动细胞和无鞭毛囊体细胞,其大小分别为2.30—3.98μm和3.69—6.49μm。具鞭毛游动细胞表面具有1—2个位置不固定但形状较为规则的圆盘状凸起,细胞表面的鳞片大小无明显差别;囊体细胞均匀地分布在囊体上,囊体细胞表面光滑,有三个较短的附属物。具鞭毛游动细胞和囊体细胞有2个或4个叶绿体,具鞭毛游动细胞的细胞核位于细胞的中下部,而囊体细胞的细胞核则位于细胞的中上部。细胞分泌物在扫描电镜样品处理过程后形成多数与细胞相连的丝状物,且丝状物形成较为规则的五角星形结构,每个角与一根丝相连,有些丝状体上有"瘤状"结构。研究结果填补了我国在球形棕囊藻形态学和超微结构研究上的空白,为深入认识其生物学特征及其成囊机理提供基础。  相似文献