海山区铁锰结壳基座的起源及其成因分类方案   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：2  

王焕夫 《海洋地质与第四纪地质》1997,17(2):83-91

本文论述了海山区铁锰结壳基座的起源及其成因分类，在剖析了铁锰结壳基座的研究历史与现状，时空分布及其属性之后，还揭示了铁锰结壳基座的起源，演化，现今性状与内在的规律性联系；同时提出了铁锰结壳基座的成因分类方案；并且指出了这个分类方案在铁锰结壳矿床学研究领域的理论和实际价值。  相似文献   

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胡敏章  李建成  李大炜 《大地测量与地球动力学》2012,32(5):95-98

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西准噶尔洋中海山及其俯冲带处地质效应     

杨高学  李永军 《地学前缘》2015,22(6):233-240

随着研究的不断深入,在中亚造山带(CAOB)不断有不同时代的洋岛玄武岩(OIB)被识别出来。在中亚造山带西南缘的西准噶尔地区的多条蛇绿混杂岩带中,也存在具有OIB特征的玄武岩。这些玄武岩呈枕状,与超基性岩、辉长岩、块状玄武岩、灰岩及紫红色硅质岩等紧密共生。地球化学研究表明枕状玄武岩均为碱性系列,具有较高的TiO2含量(大多>2.5%)、强烈富集轻稀土元素、无明显Nb、Ta负异常,与典型的OIB极为相似,认为其可能形成于大洋板内与地幔柱有关的海山环境。通过对海山的发展阶段分析认为,西准噶尔地区海山应该发展到爆炸海山阶段,因为其中发育大量的枕状熔岩。海山中火山岩或火山碎屑沉积物富集大离子亲石元素和高场强元素,海山的俯冲将对弧及弧后地区火山岩地球化学产生明显影响,而西准噶尔地区泥盆纪-石炭纪火山岩中恰恰存在海山的信号。因此,海山俯冲模式可能能更好地解释西准噶尔地区火山岩中存在OIB特征火山岩的成因。另外,海山俯冲还存在潜在的资源效应,因此应该寻找和研究古海山及火山岛链俯冲的迹象,将对进一步找金铜等矿提供可靠依据。  相似文献   

中太平洋海山玄武岩的岩石学特征与年代     

初凤友  陈建林  马维林  高水土  武光海 《海洋地质与第四纪地质》2005,25(4):55-59

玄武岩在中太平洋海山分布广泛, 且普遍存在风化蚀变现象.对测区内玄武岩样品的岩石学特征研究表明, 玄武岩具斑状结构, 基质以间粒结构为主.斑晶矿物为基性斜长石、单斜辉石和伊丁石化橄榄石.基质矿物为斜长石、辉石、橄榄石、铁矿物、磷灰石、玻璃及次生矿物等. 各海山玄武岩同属碱性玄武岩系列, 并为钾质类型玄武岩, 它们的形成基本上处于同一地质构造环境中.稀土元素分析结果为轻稀土富集型, 轻重稀土在岩石形成过程中发生了不同程度的分异作用.CM5海山玄武岩比其他海山年代相对较老（60 Ma）.  相似文献   

Asymmetric post-spreading magmatism in the South China Sea: based on the quantification of the volume and its spatiotemporal distribution of the seamounts     

Yanghui Zhao  Shaoru Yin  Jiabiao Li  Jie Zhang  Hanghang Ding 《International Geology Review》2020,62(7-8):955-969

ABSTRACT

The volume of seamounts is an essential indicator of the intensity of mantle convection during the evolution of the oceanic lithosphere. Drilling and dredging samples suggest volcanic seamounts are widely distributed in the oceanic basin of the South China Sea, and most of them were formed after cessation of seafloor spreading. By using an SRTM15_PLUS Digital Elevation Model with a 15-arc-second grid, we developed a spatial filtering method based on the Top Hat Transform to extract seamounts. With a combined analysis of basalt dating results from previous studies and gravity anomaly data, an accurate estimation of seamount volume and its spatiotemporal distribution have been obtained. In addition to an asymmetric distribution of the seamounts with a larger volume in the northern flank, clusters of seamounts can be observed at certain locations in the abyssal plain. Due to the consistency between the distribution of the seamount volume and the seafloor spreading features in the South China Sea basin, we propose the ridge jump may induce additional partial melting zones which account for the larger number of seamounts developed in the northern flank while the re-orientation of the extension during seafloor spreading dominated the distribution of post-spreading magmatism. Similar to other marginal basins, magmas formed by spontaneous partial melting would migrate through weak lithosphere where the extension direction changed, resulting in post-spreading magmatism in those lithospheric weak zones.  相似文献   

西太平洋雅浦-卡罗琳海区海山多尺度地形特征     

甘雨  马小川  栾振东  宋永东  徐涛  张建兴  阎军 《海洋地质与第四纪地质》2021,41(1):125-137

海山地形的多尺度特征研究,有助于理解海山形成与演化过程中的地貌过程,并为深入认识俯冲带地球动力过程提供新的线索。本文基于中国科学院海洋研究所“科学”号科考船近年来在雅浦-卡罗琳海区采集的高分辨率海底地形数据,利用统计学及频谱分析等方法,分析了研究区42座海山的形态及地形粗糙度特征,并对海山地形多尺度特征及其成因开展研究。结果表明,雅浦-卡罗琳海区不同构造环境下形成的海山群,在海山的形态参数和多尺度地形特征等方面存在显著差异。相比于索罗尔海槽,帕里西维拉海盆中的海山具有更大的宽高比与更小的平坦度。两区域内海山形态参数具有不同的线性相关关系,表明区域内海山存在不同的形态演化过程。对帕里西维拉海盆中海山地形的频谱分析显示,其大尺度特征信号不显著,意味着该区域内海山地形受小尺度地貌过程的影响更大。索罗尔海槽中海山的粗糙度与海山体积具有线性相关性,可能与不同海山形成过程的差异有关,较早形成的海山受到了更多构造活动及小尺度地貌过程的影响,进而形成了更加粗糙的表面特征。  相似文献   

南海中部深海海山汁蛇尾属(Ophiurothamnus)二新记录种(蛇尾纲,棘蛇尾科)     

陈婉莹  张东声  王春生 《海洋与湖沼》2020,51(3):649-655

通过对2018年4—5月在南海中部黄岩海山采集的蛇尾样品进行形态学分类研究,鉴定发现棘蛇尾科Ophiacanthidae汁蛇尾属Ophiurothamnus两个新记录种:(1)双环汁蛇尾Ophiurothamnus discycla (H. L. Clark, 1911);(2)短简汁蛇尾Ophiurothamnus clausa (Lyman, 1878)。本文分别对这两个新记录种的外部形态特征和内部骨骼进行了描述,并与相似种进行了分类学讨论。  相似文献   

Discrete Element Modeling of a Subduction Zone with a Seafloor Irregularity and its Impact on the Seismic Cycle     

JIAO Liqing  CHAN Chung-Han  Luc SCHOLTES  Aurelia HUBERT-FERRARI  Frederic-Victor DONZE  Paul TAPPONNIER 《《地质学报》英文版》2022,96(3):776-790

Seafloor irregularities influence rupture behavior along the subducting slab and in the overriding plate, thus affecting earthquake cycles. Whether seafloor irregularities increase the likelihood of large earthquakes in a subduction zone remains contested, partially due to focus put either on fault development or on rupture pattern. Here, we simulate a subducting slab with a seafloor irregularity and the resulting deformation pattern of the overriding plate using the discrete element method. Our simulations illustrate the rupture along three major fault systems: megathrust, splay and backthrust faults. Our results show different rupture dimensions of earthquake events varying from tens to ca. 140 km. Our results suggest that the recurrence interval of megathrust events with rupture length of ca. 100 km is ca. 140 years, which is overall comparable to the paleoseismic records at the Mentawai area of the Sumatran zone. We further propose the coseismic slip amounts decrease and interseismic slip amounts increase from the surface downwards gradually.  相似文献   

Some Stratigraphic and Sedimentologic Constraints on the Features of the Changning-Menglian Tethys, Yunnan, China     

Jin Xiaochi  Xie Guanglian  Wang Yizhao 《Gondwana Research》2001,4(1)

The interpretation of the (Lower Carboniferous) basalt- (Middle Carboniferous to Middle Permian) carbonate succession in the central zone of the Changning-Menglian Belt in western Yunnan, China as a seamount is one of the major arguments supporting a large ocean model of the Changning-Menglian Tethys. Our field investigations and laboratory work lead to the conclusion that the basalt-carbonate succession of the Changning-Menglian Belt is not genetically related to seamount. It is a normal lithological succession that developed on continental crust, and it is underlain and overlain by marine carbonate and/or clastic deposits.  相似文献   

Formation and emplacement of the Dolodrook serpentinite body,Lachlan Orogen,Victoria     

《Australian Journal of Earth Sciences》2013,60(5):709-723

Serpentinised peridotite and ultramafic breccia make up an approximately 5 km‐long, 1 km‐wide fault slice within turbidites in the Dolodrook River region of the central Lachlan Orogen. The serpentinite body is surrounded by juvenile, mafic‐ultramafic sedimentary rocks with Cambrian limestone olistoliths representative of locally derived debris flows, and Middle to Upper Ordovician black shale, chert, sandstone and mudstone. The antiformal geometry and nature of the ultramafic breccia and mafic‐ultramafic sedimentary rocks (Garvey Gully Formation) indicate that the serpentinite body may have been either a former oceanic transform fault zone, a Marianas‐style serpentine seamount or a combination of these. Observations of modern‐day forearc regions show that faulting processes have led to the exposure of serpentinised peridotite horst blocks and serpentine mud volcanoes that have intruded along fault conduits (e.g. Marianas and Izu‐Bonin forearcs). At Dolodrook, the structural and metamorphic relationships with the surrounding rocks, and the lithological associations, have much in common with these observations and indicate that Dolodrook may be an ancient, on‐land example of an accreted seamount or oceanic topographic high. Structural relationships, the very low metamorphic grade of all rocks at Dolodrook, and the presence of broken formation developed in not‐fully lithified Middle to Upper Ordovician sandstone and mudstone indicate that the serpentinite body was emplaced at shallow crustal levels within the turbidite wedge (Tabberabbera Zone), possibly as an offscraped topographic high during marginal basin closure. The Dolodrook serpentinite has previously been inferred as part of the Cambrian igneous sequence (‘greenstones’) exposed in the Governor, Mt Wellington and Heathcote Fault Zones, but structural and metamorphic relationships with surrounding rocks, and the Cambrian tectonic setting in which it formed, have remained speculative.  相似文献