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1.
帕里西维拉海盆是西太平洋地区最大、最典型的弧后盆地,根据帕里西维拉海盆的形态特征,将帕里西维拉海盆分为帕里西维拉海盆主盆地和帕里西维拉海盆南端。本文利用国际公开的重力数据和实测的多波束、浅地层剖面数据研究了帕里西维拉海盆南端的重力异常特征和海底地形特征,并进一步探讨了该区域的特殊性及成因机制。海底地形与地球物理特征研究表明,帕里西维拉海盆南端可划分为A、B、C、D、E 5个区域,分别代表海盆NE-SW向扩张形成的NW-SE向扩张构造、海盆E-W向扩张形成的N-S向扩张构造、海盆旋转过程中由北向南传播的扩张中心与海盆最南端的裂谷系统相互作用形成的NEE-SWW向构造、与帕里西维拉海盆同期形成的海山区以及裂谷系统相互作用形成的深渊区。海盆南端表现出明显的东西不对称性,海盆只存在扩张中心以西的部分,推测受卡罗琳海脊碰撞影响,帕里西维拉海盆南端东半部一部分逆冲至雅浦岛弧之上,还有一部分被推离至现今西马里亚纳海脊以西,随着洋壳持续的逆冲和迁移,最南端逐渐暴露的帕里西维拉海盆扩张中心与雅浦海沟合并,形成现今的雅浦海沟,最终造成了现今帕里西维拉海盆南端缺失东半部的构造形态。  相似文献   

2.
2015年中科院海洋所在西太平洋雅浦海域首次开展了综合地球物理调查,并同步采集了重磁震及多波束、浅地层剖面等数据,主要利用采集的多道地震剖面及多波束数据研究了雅浦俯冲带主要构造单元的地貌及沉积地层结构特征,并进一步探讨了加罗林洋脊俯冲作用下的构造特征。研究表明弧后的帕里西维拉盆地为区域沉积中心,最厚处可能发育近千米沉积层,而雅浦海沟内未发育明显水平沉积,以俯冲侵蚀作用为主;加罗林俯冲板片之上的加罗林洋脊因其特殊的地形地貌改造了俯冲带的构造发育特征,可能造成了岛弧岩浆作用的南、北部差异;揭示了雅浦海沟北段的地貌及地质结构细节特征,认为加罗林洋脊的高地形可能导致了海沟附近的俯冲板片更大的挠曲拉张量,从而形成垒堑构造带;为索罗尔海槽的盆地张裂结构提供了多道地震剖面证据,并推测了海槽的形成年代。  相似文献   

3.
雅浦沟-弧体系具有十分独特的地质特征,雅浦岛弧以变质岩为主,岛弧岩浆作用较为缺乏,同时雅浦沟-弧距离异常短,增生楔缺失。在总结雅浦沟-弧系统及其邻区的地球化学、地球物理以及构造特征等证据的基础上,探讨了雅浦沟-弧系统的构造演化过程。雅浦岛上的变质基底具有相对较高的K_2O含量、高Ti含量以及较低的~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr比值,表明雅浦岛上的变质基底为帕里西维拉海盆洋壳的一部分。雅浦海沟东侧存在一块水深较深的三角形区域将雅浦岛弧与加罗林海岭间隔开来,地球物理特征显示该区域并没有受到加罗林热点的影响,说明加罗林海岭并没有与雅浦岛弧直接碰撞。结合帕里西维拉海盆在20~15 Ma的NE-SW向扩张以及与之相关的海盆东西两侧洋壳发生的左旋相对移动,推测雅浦海沟很可能是雅浦岛弧东侧的扩张中心暴露转变成的俯冲带,而雅浦海沟东侧的三角形区域则为俯冲板片重新暴露的结果。  相似文献   

4.
张志毅  韩喜彬  许冬 《海洋学报》2022,44(11):63-76
雅浦海沟是西太平洋“沟–弧–盆”体系的重要组成部分。在雅浦海沟北部,雅浦海沟与马里亚纳海沟呈典型的垂直相交。本文对该海域的地貌进行了详细的研究。结果表明,两条海沟连接处附近,海沟的水深、形态、剖面等都发生明显变化,且具有分段性,两侧斜坡上拥有隆起、凹陷、断裂等地貌,这些特征与海沟连接处特殊的俯冲位置具有密切的联系;通过地貌特征和板块扩张速度判断,20 Ma前帕里西维拉海盆扩张中心应位于137°35′34″E附近,雅浦海沟很可能是由帕里西维拉海盆暴露出来的扩张中心转变而成。  相似文献   

5.
利用全覆盖的多波束数据,聚集南海海盆洋壳区,统计分析了海山的地形特征,并展示了典型海山和海丘的地形。统计结果表明,研究区发育高差1 000m以上的海山约46个,高差1 000~500m的海丘约90个,高差500~200m的海丘约100个。多波束数据揭示了海山和海丘更加精细的形态特征,如部分海山和海丘顶部保留的火山口形态。同时,发现研究区众多海山和海丘一侧山坡为陡峭的断面,推测为一系列的小断裂切割形成。基于海山和海丘的地形断面分布特征探讨了中南断裂的位置,推测中南断裂可能是由两组南北向平行的断裂及中间区域组成的断裂带。  相似文献   

6.
大洋海山及其生态环境特征研究进展   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
海山作为深海大洋独特地貌,尽管其研究可追溯到100多年前,但对大洋海山的形成、地质特征、动力学特性、生态环境等方面了解甚少。随着人们认识海洋程度的提升,特别是回声探测、无人潜水器和卫星技术等技术的应用,对大洋海山的系统探索已取得了前所未有的进展,大洋海山研究已成为当代人们所渴求探索的领域之一。本文对大洋海山的研究历程、分类、生物群落特征、水文环境特征以及维持海山区高生物量的机制进行了总结。目前全球海山主要有两种分类方式,其分类一是基于构造特征,可将海山分为板块内海山、大洋中脊海山和岛弧海山;二是基于山顶到海表面的距离,可将海山分为浅海山、中等深度海山和深海山。海山为生物提供了独特的栖息地,形成了高生物量、高生物多样性和高生物独有性等三种主要的生物群落特征,使海山成为世界海洋渔业的重点海域和生态环境研究的热点区域之一。海山突出的地形对大洋环流造成阻隔,因而在海山周围形成了其独特的水文环境,其中海山环流和上升流是其两种典型代表,这些独特的水文环境特征对生物群落的组成和分布具有重要影响。海山区的高生物量主要通过上升流输送、地形诱捕和海流水平输送三种机制维持,三种机制对支撑海山生态系统的物质循环和能量流动至关重要。  相似文献   

7.
冲绳海槽弧后扩张证据及关键问题探讨   总被引:15,自引:0,他引:15  
在冲绳海槽区采用国内最新勘测的多波束数据构建高分辨率的DTM(Digital Terrain Model),选择典型海区绘制了相应的三维海底形态图件,并在此图件基础上定量分析了冲绳海槽典型构造地貌形态:海底峡谷、海山、构造洼地和构造台地,统计分析表明冲绳海槽存在近似平行和近似垂直海槽轴向两种走向的构造地貌单元。对构造地貌的成因机制进行了推测,认为菲律宾板块和欧亚板块间的相互作用是产生与海槽走向垂直的构造形态和弧后扩张的动力源,而弧后扩张则产生了沿海槽走向分布的线性海山和雁行排列的构造洼地。在中部和南部海槽这两种作用力交织在一起,产生两类海底地貌形态共存的构造格局。对目前关于冲绳海槽构造研究的几个关键问题进行了探讨,阐述并支持了冲绳海槽弧后盆地扩张成因的观点;定量估算了冲绳海槽三幕构造运动的方向、扩张量和半速率;从动力学角度阐述了沟-弧-盆体系的形成演化过程;阐述了冲绳海槽三幕构造运动的演化过程和特征:中新世的拱顶、断陷,上新世—早更新世的被动拉张,晚更新世—全新世后的主动弧后扩张。三幕构造运动的方向、特征和动力机制明显不同,运动方向的多次改变导致海槽内多种走向构造地貌的存在。近代的海槽扩张有明显活跃和加速趋势。  相似文献   

8.
为了解西太平洋雅浦海沟区俯冲带及岛弧两侧的海底热流分布情况,2015年1—3月期间的西太平洋海山航次中,"科学"号利用最新一代Lister型热流探针对该区域开展了海底热流原位测量工作。沿着横跨俯冲带的站位测线,本次进行了10个热流站位测量,共获得8个站位的有效数据。测量结果表明,该地区地温梯度的变化范围为0.011~0.137Km-1,平均0.089Km-1,热导率的变化范围为0.58~1.32 Wm-1 K-1,热流值则在14.4~118.85mWm-2之间,平均为68.02mWm-2。热流值分布显示,雅浦岛弧附近具有较高的热流值,自雅浦岛弧向两侧热流值逐渐降低,低热流区主要分布在帕里西维拉海盆。由于该地区热流测量数据依然稀缺,深入的讨论有待进一步研究。  相似文献   

9.
南海东部海盆海山磁性对比   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
根据 1 980年~ 1 987年在南海海盆进行地球物理调查获取的海山地形和地磁异常资料 ,运用虚源法 ,对南海东部海盆区域的 9座海山作了磁性计算及对比。结果表明 :(1 )每座海山非均匀磁性反演的磁异常形态比均匀磁性反演的磁异常形态更接近观测异常 ,海山为非均匀磁化。 (2 )每座海山的非均匀磁化计算的拟合度参数值 (GFR值 )大于均匀磁化计算的拟合度参数值 (GFR0 值 ) ,平均每座海山增加 3 .7。 (3 )海山形成后均向北运移 ,位于东部海盆北侧的5座海山沿纬向位移的平均距离为 9.2 1°,南侧 4座海山沿纬向位移的平均距离为 3 .6 7°;海山均呈逆时针旋转 ,但旋转的角度存在区域性差异 ;东部海盆的运移方式与东邻的吕宋岛、西菲律宾海盆和台湾岛相一致。 (4)海山的磁化强度呈明显的分区性 ,北侧 5座海山的磁化强度大于南侧 4座海山的磁化强度 ,推测东部海盆形成过程中整体向北运动  相似文献   

10.
利用西太平洋地区的雅浦-马里亚纳海沟附近海域的多波束水深数据,获得了9.8°N—13.2°N、132.2°E—145°E矩形区域内的高精度水深地形图。通过对精细地貌进行研究发现,马里亚纳海沟南部的洋坡上发育有大范围的地垒、地堑型地貌,雅浦海沟北部存在明显的分段性特征,菲律宾海盆和帕里西维拉海盆内存在不同展布方向的大规模脊-槽地貌。研究结果表明此处复杂的地形地貌特征主要受板块运动的控制。最后结合已有研究成果,对该区域的地形地貌进行了分类。  相似文献   

11.
西太平洋中部地区是西太平洋板块边缘沟-弧-盆体系构造演化的关键区域,其地质特征与构造演化一直是地学家关注的焦点问题之一。开展岩石圈有效弹性厚度的研究对于认识该区域的形成演化具有重要的科学意义。本文采用滑动窗口导纳技术,并在挠曲模型中考虑了表面荷载和内部荷载同时存在的情况,计算得到该区域的岩石圈有效弹性厚度(Te)。计算结果显示,研究区的Te值整体上为0~50 km,其变化基本上与构造单元相吻合,且与主要的构造边界密切相关。除海底火山具有相对较小的Te值(15~20 km)外,太平洋板块整体上具有较强的岩石圈强度(25~30 km)。马里亚纳海沟和菲律宾海沟的岩石圈强度从外隆起到海沟方向表现为明显的减弱,表明岩石圈由外隆起向海沟发生了弱化。帕里西维拉海盆西部相较于东部具有较弱的岩石圈强度,这可能与海盆的非对称扩张有关。卡罗琳板块的岩石圈整体上表现为相对均一的低Te值特征(<15 km)。欧里皮克海隆、卡罗琳海岭和索罗尔海槽的Te值为3 km,这可能是强烈的火山作用所导致的结果。  相似文献   

12.
The Philippine Basin,surrounded by a series of oceanic trenches,is an independent deep ocean basin in the West Pacific Ocean.Its middle part is divided into three marginal sea sub-basins by the Kyushu-Palau and West Mariana Ridges,namely,the West Philippine Basin,the Shikoku and Parece Vela Basins and the Mariana Trough.This paper,through the analysis of the geomorphologic features and gravity and magnetic characteristics of the basin and identification of striped magnetic anomalies,suggests that the entire Philippine Basin developed magnetic lineation of oceanic nature,and therefore,the entire basin is of the nature of oceanic crust.The basin has developed a series of special geomorphic units with different shapes.The KPR runs through the entire Philippine Basin.From the view of geomorphologic features,the KPR is a discontinuous seamount chain (chain-shaped seamounts) and subduction beneath the Japanese Island arc at the Nankai Trough which is the natural boundary between the basin and the Japanese Island arc.At the positions of 25 N,24 N,23 N and 18 N,obvious discontinuity is shown,which belongs to natural topographic discontinuity.Therefore,the KPR is topographically discontinuous.  相似文献   

13.
Giant Megamullion in the Parece Vela Backarc Basin   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
We present results of high-resolution bathymetric studies of the extinct intermediate-spreading Parece Vela Basin in the northwestern Pacific, where we have identified an extremely large mullion structure, here termed a giant megamullion. We find that the giant megamullion is nearly an order of magnitude larger than the similar structures in the slow-spreading Mid-Atlantic Ridge (`megamullions'). The giant megamullion has slightly elevated mantle Bouguer anomaly, and yields serpentinized peridotites and gabbros, suggesting that they are exposing oceanic crust and upper mantle. An off-axis rugged `chaotic terrain' was also identified in the Parece Vela Basin. The terrain consists of isolated and elevated blocks capped by corrugated axis-normal lineations, and associated deeps. We thus interpret it as analogues to the Mid-Atlantic Ridge megamullions. We propose that amagmatic tectonics producing the giant megamullion and the chaotic terrain occupied a significant part in crustal construction in the Parece Vela Basin evolution.  相似文献   

14.
The formation and tectonic evolution of Philippine Sea Plate and KPR   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
The Philippine Sea Plate has an extremely special tectonic background. As an oceanic plate, it is almost entirely surrounded by subduction zones with complex internal tectonic features. On the basis of enormous published literature, this paper offers a comprehensive overview of the tectonic and evolution history of the Philippine Basin and the Kyushu-Palau Ridge (KPR) in the Philippine Sea Plate, and discusses the geological features of KPR. Referring to relevant definitions of various "ridges" stipulated in United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, so the KPR is believed to be a remnant arc formed during the opening of the Parece Vela and Shikoku Basins in the Philippine Sea Plate. It is a submarine ridge on oceanic plate rather than a submarine elevation. And thus, it is not a natural component of the Japan continental margin.  相似文献   

15.
Observations from 17 ALVIN dives and 14 ANGUS runs plus laboratory study of basalt samples collected with ALVIN help to constrain the morphologic, volcanic and petrologic evolution of four seamounts near the East Pacific Rise (EPR). Comparison among the four volcanoes provides evidence for a general pattern of near-EPR seamount evolution and shows the importance of sedimentation, mass wasting, hydrothermal activity and other geologic processes that occur on submerged oceanic volcanoes. Seamount 5, closest to the EPR (1.0 Ma) is the youngest seamount and may still be active. Its summit is covered by fresh lavas, recent faults and hydrothermal deposits. Seamount D is on crust 1.55 Ma and is inactive; like seamount 5, it has a breached caldera and is composed exclusively of N-MORB. Seamounts 5 and D represent the last stages of growth of typical N-MORB-only seamounts near the EPR axis. Seamounts 6 and 7 have bumpy, flattish summits composed of transitional and alkalic lavas. These lavas probably represent caldera fillings and caps overlying an edifice composed of N-MORB. Evolution from N-MORB-only cratered edifices to the alkalic stage does not occur on all near-EPR seamounts and may be favored by location on structures with relative-motion-parallel orientation.  相似文献   

16.
通过对西太平洋帕里西维拉海盆东南部的C-P19柱状样和马里亚纳海沟南坡的L3柱状样进行粒度和稀土元素地球化学分析,探讨了二者物源的异同。结果表明:研究区沉积物的稀土元素含量基本不受沉积物粒度控制,主要受控于物源变化。物源判别结果指示二者的物源具有同源性,其中西马里亚纳海脊剥蚀下来的火山物质对研究区的物质来源贡献最大。火山物质中的重矿物可以影响到稀土元素的含量,例如锆石的含量和稀土元素总量(ΣREY)的相关系数可达0.86。来自中国内陆黄土的陆源风尘物质对两个研究区的物源供给也有一定贡献,但其贡献程度较小。由于马里亚纳海沟南坡更加远离大陆且纬度更低,其接受的亚洲风尘也比帕里西维拉海盆和挑战者深渊更少。此外,南极底层水流经研究区,对海盆和海沟的沉积物都造成一定影响,而且在马里亚纳海沟南坡更加活跃,因而帕里西维拉海盆东南部的沉积物比马里亚纳海沟南坡更易于保存。  相似文献   

17.
九州-帕劳海脊两侧深海盆地浅部地层结构特征与分析   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
由于欧亚板块、澳大利亚板块与太平洋板块运动的作用,菲律宾海盆形成了全球最为复杂的海底地形地貌。以九州-帕劳海脊为界,西菲律宾海盆与帕里西维拉海盆呈现不同的构造走向与地形特征,海脊两侧发育丰富的深海地质现象与地貌特征。参量阵浅地层剖面仪因其差频窄波束的发射特点,能够获得深海海底浅地层的高分辨率剖面。本文利用参量阵浅地层剖面仪在九州-帕劳海脊获取的高分辨率浅地层剖面,分析了横跨海脊东西走向的海底滑坡发育特点、丘状起伏沉积差异、浅层气以及海底流体运移等地质特征,并结合构造与地形地貌特点对上述特征的成因机制进行了探讨,在垂向小时间尺度上完成了对研究区浅部地层结构的特征研究,为该区域的沉积学和地质学研究提供了思路。  相似文献   

18.
The seabed morphology in the vicinity of the seamounts on the Motril Marginal Plateau (northern Alboran Sea) was investigated using high-resolution (sparker) and very high-resolution (TOPAS) seismic reflection profiles and multibeam bathymetry. The aim of the study was to determine the recent geological processes, and in particular those that control the contourite depositional system associated with the intermediate and deep Mediterranean water masses. Six groups of morphological features were identified: structural features (seamount tops, tectonic depressions), fluid escape-related features (pockmarks), mass-movement features (gullies, slides), bottom-current features (moats, scour marks, terraces, elongated and separated drifts, plastered drifts, confined drifts, sheeted drifts), mixed features (ridges) and biogenic features (including evidence of (dead) cold water corals such as Lophelia pertusa and Madrepora oculata). The main processes controlling the formation of these features are recent tectonic activity and the interaction of Mediterranean water masses with the seafloor topography. Seamounts act as topographic barriers that affect the pathway and velocity of the deep Mediterranean water masses, which are divided into strands that interact with the surrounding seafloor. The influence of the intermediate Mediterranean water mass, by contrast, is restricted mainly to the tops of the seamounts. Sediment instability and fluid-escape processes play a minor role, their occurrence being probably related to seismicity.  相似文献   

19.
A New Scenario of the Parece Vela Basin Genesis   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
Okino  K.  Kasuga  S.  Ohara  Y. 《Marine Geophysical Researches》1998,20(1):21-40
A new high density geophysical data set in the Parece Vela Basin north of 15°N has been obtained through surveys conducted by the Hydrographic Department of Japan. The combined analyses of the swath bathymetry, magnetic and gravity anomalies from these surveys reveal a new scenario for the genesis of this basin. The evolutionary process is as follows: rifting and crust thinning (29–26 Ma), northward propagation of east-west opening (26-23 Ma) , east-west opening together with the Shikoku Basin (23–21 Ma), and the northeast-southwest opening (20/19–15 Ma). The western part of the basin is complicated, displaying some traces of northward propagation of the spreading center. The change between early east-west opening and the final stage of northeast-southwest spreading is marked by a distinct north-south boundary in both structural and magnetic patterns. Deep and rough topography of the extinct Parece Vela Rift is due to magma starvation in the terminal phase of the spreading.  相似文献   

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