多时间尺度SPI在安徽省气象干旱监测中的适用性研究     

谢五三  唐为安  宋阿伟 《气象》2019,45(11):1560-1568

基于安徽省81个气象站1961—2017年逐日降水数据及土壤墒情和干旱灾情资料,从诊断干旱日数年际变化、季节演变、空间分布、频率分布、典型干旱过程演变及与土壤墒情、干旱灾情的相关性等方面,研究6种时间尺度SPI在安徽省气象干旱监测效果。结果表明:不同时间尺度SPI在干旱监测中差异明显,6种时间尺度SPI对于干旱日数年际变化、不同等级干旱频率分布具有较好的监测效果,但对于干旱日数季节演变和空间差异性诊断与实况存在偏差;从典型干旱过程诊断来看,时间尺度越短,降水权重越大(例如SPI30、SPI60),SPI监测曲线对降水的响应越敏感,而SPI150、SPI180等时间尺度长的SPI对降水的响应又过于"迟钝";从与土壤墒情的相关性来看,时间尺度短的SPI30与10 cm表层土壤墒情相关性最好,相关系数达0.91,时间尺度长的SPI180与50 cm深层土壤墒情相关性较好;在各时间尺度SPI与年降水量的负相关及与干旱灾情的正相关方面,相关系数随着时间尺度的增长均先增后减,时间尺度适中的SPI120相关性最好。总体来看,不同时间尺度SPI代表不同含义,针对不同时间尺度的气象干旱应采用不同时间尺度的SPI进行监测评估。  相似文献   

DERF2.0模式对宁夏不同时间尺度降水的预测评估     

孙银川  郑广芬  王素艳  李欣  张雯  杨建玲  朱晓炜  王璠  高娜  高睿娜  马阳 《气象科技》2019,47(4):631-638

基于DERF2.0 1983—2013年回报和2016—2017年预测的降水资料以及宁夏19个评分站降水实测资料,采用短期气候预测业务中常用的检验方法,对DERF2.0预测的宁夏未来1～50d月、候尺度降水及持续性异常降水过程进行了检验评估。结果表明:DERF2.0对月降水趋势异常预测综合评分(Ps)平均为53.2%,超前1～10d预测效果相差不大;Ps超过60%的仅有4月和11月,且年际间波动较大,最差年与最好年相差近30%。DERF2.0对月异常少雨预测Ps高于异常多雨,春、秋季Ps较高,夏季相对较低;对多雨年份降水预测Ps高于少雨年份。DERF2.0超前30d之内预测的候降水和实况以正相关为主,第1候相关最好,9月至次年3月相关系数相对较大;超前30d之内预测的候降水较实况偏大30%左右;对未来1～6候降水趋势预测正确率为40.8%,偏多趋势正确率达79.5%,明显高于偏少趋势;1月趋势预测正确率最小,8月最大;候降水偏多趋势预测正确率冬季高于夏季,偏少趋势则相反;随着超前时间的增长,趋势预测正确率下降;趋势预测正确率自北向南增大。DERF2.0对持续性异常降水过程预测的正确率为60.3%,超前时段为4～14d,对全区性过程预测效果较好,同一次过程南部预测效果好于北部,预测的降水量小于实况降水量。  相似文献   

重庆城市不同下垫面温度的多时间尺度变化特征     

姜平  刘晓冉  廖代强  柴闯闯  张甜  刘亮 《气象科技》2019,47(4):639-647

利用重庆市巴南区2014年1月1日至2017年12月31日逐小时草地、泥土、砾石、石板、水泥、沥青等6种不同下垫面的特种温度观测资料,通过扩展经验正交分解(EEOF)、概率密度分析(PDF)等气候统计方法,分析了不同下垫面温度的多时间尺度变化规律,进一步探讨了水泥和草地下垫面温度差异的变化特征。结果表明:不同下垫面的温度存在明显的多时间尺度变化特征。月平均变化上,石板、水泥和沥青的表面温度明显高于泥土、草地和砾石,且温度差异夏季大于冬季。日变化上,石板、水泥和沥青白天的表面温度高于泥土、草地和砾石,晚上不同下垫面温度差异较小;不同下垫面温度的日变化差异在春季和夏季明显强于冬季和秋季。石板、水泥和沥青表面出现45℃以上极端高温的概率多于其他下垫面,且出现这些高温的时间集中在14:00—15:00之间。水泥和草地的温度差异也表现出明显的多时间尺度变化(季节变化和日变化)特征。一天中,温度差异最大值出现的时间集中在14:00—16:00,其次是19:00—20:00。温度差异的日变化幅度也在夏季达到最大。  相似文献   

西北太平洋热带气旋移动方向变化异常的环流特征   总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1  

周宜卿  余锦华 《气象科学》2015,35(6):720-727

基于中国气象局和上海台风研究所整编的1972-2011年热带气旋(TC)best-track资料,采用极端天气气候事件定义的百分位法确定TC移动方向异常变化的阈值,利用Lanczos滤波法将大气环流分解成为季节内振荡(MJO)、准两周振荡(QBW)和天气3种尺度环流场,研究这3种尺度环流对热带气旋在南海地区异常北折的影响。结果表明:近40 a的资料统计显示,热带气旋12 h内移向逆时针方向偏转50°以及顺时针方向偏转47°为TC移动方向变化的95%分位数值,将12 h移动方向变化大于该数值的TC定义为移动方向变化异常。TC异常路径平均每年发生2.68次,9月份发生的概率最大,约为7%,最常发生在南海海域。分析3个发生在南海地区热带气旋异常北折的引导气流发现,在TC转向前,向西的引导气流纬向速度减慢,经向分量先向南加速,随后突然转为向北加速。天气尺度对应的引导气流对TC异常右偏影响最为明显,对流层中高层热带气旋中心东南侧强天气尺度西南气流引导TC异常右偏。  相似文献   

MS6.0以上强震临震前几小时震中区域天气特征     

陈涛  李磊  张效信  马启明  李文  提烁  吴晗  李仁康  罗静  苏建峰 《地震地磁观测与研究》2021,42(z1):8-10

1 研究背景 大气电场(Atmospheric electrical field)是描述空间电荷分布的一个重要物理量,受空间天气、气象活动、地质活动等因素的影响.20世纪即对地震前大气电场开展观测,异常结果与假说也被现代技术的最近测量所证实(Jin et al,2020;陈涛等,2021).但利用震前大气电场异常现象预测地震,需要克服的难题就是大气电场对天气条件的敏感性.目前,只有晴天气象条件下的大气电场异常才被认为是地震前兆信号.  相似文献   

热带大气季节内振荡对东亚季风区的影响及不同时间尺度变化研究进展     

林爱兰  梁建茵  谷德军 《热带气象》2008,24(1):11-19

在引证论述大气ISO对东亚季风区天气气候重要作用的基础上,概括性地回顾大气ISO基本特征及其形成机制的主要成果,重点针对热带大气ISO的季节变化、年际变化甚至年代际变化方面的研究工作进行总结评述。  相似文献   

Validation of ECMWF and NCEP–NCAR Reanalysis Data in Antarctica   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

YU Lejiang  ZHANG Zhanhai  ZHOU Mingyu  Shiyuan ZHONG  Donald LENSCHOW  Hsiaoming HSU  WU Huiding  SUN Bo 《大气科学进展》2010,27(5):1151-1168

The European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecast (ECMWF) Re-Analysis (ERA-40) and the National Centers for Environmental Prediction-National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP-NCAR) ECMWF (ERA-40) and NCEP-NCAR reanalysis data were compared with Antarctic station observations, including surface-layer and upper-layer atmospheric observations, on intraseasonal and interannual timescales. At the interannual timescale, atmospheric pressure at different height levels in the ERA-40 data are in better agre...  相似文献   

On Multi-Timescale Variability of Temperature in China in Modulated Annual Cycle Reference Frame   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

QIAN Cheng  Zhaohua WU  FU Congbin  ZHOU Tianjun 《大气科学进展》2010,27(5):1169-1182

The traditional anomaly (TA) reference frame and its corresponding anomaly for a given data span changes with the extension of data length. In this study, the modulated annual cycle (MAC), instead of the widely used climatological mean annual cycle, is used as an alternative reference frame for computing climate anomalies to study the multi-timescale variability of surface air temperature (SAT) in China based on homogenized daily data from 1952 to 2004. The Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition (EEMD) method is used to separate daily SAT into a high frequency component, a MAC component, an interannual component, and a decadal-to-trend component. The results show that the EEMD method can reflect historical events reasonably well, indicating its adaptive and temporally local characteristics. It is shown that MAC is a temporally local reference frame and will not be altered over a particular time span by an extension of data length, thereby making it easier for physical interpretation. In the MAC reference frame, the low frequency component is found more suitable for studying the interannual to longer timescale variability (ILV) than a 13-month window running mean, which does not exclude the annual cycle. It is also better than other traditional versions (annual or summer or winter mean) of ILV, which contains a portion of the annual cycle. The analysis reveals that the variability of the annual cycle could be as large as the magnitude of interannual variability. The possible physical causes of different timescale variability of SAT in China are further discussed.  相似文献   

Seasonality of Interannual Inter-hemispheric Oscillations over the Past Five Decades   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

GUAN Zhaoyong  LU Chuhan  MEI Shilong  CONG Jing 《大气科学进展》2010,27(5):1043-1050

Air mass is inter-hemispherically redistributed, leading to an interesting phenomenon known as the Inter-Hemispheric Oscillation (IHO). In the present article, the seasonality of the interannual IHO has been examined by employing monthly mean reanalyses from NCEP/NCAR, EAR40, and JRA25 for the period of 1958-2006. It is found that the IHO indices as calculated from different reanalyses are generally consistent with each other. A distinct seesaw structure in all four seasons between the northern and southern...  相似文献   

How Well do Existing Indices Measure the Strength of the East Asian Winter Monsoon？   总被引：44，自引：7，他引：37  

WANG Lin  CHEN Wen 《大气科学进展》2010,27(4):855-870

Defining the intensity of the East Asian winter monsoon (EAWM) with a simple index has been a difficult task. This paper elaborates on the meanings of 18 existing EAWM strength indices and classifies them into four categories: low level wind indices, upper zonal wind shear indices, east-west pressure contrast indices, and East Asian trough indices. The temporal/spatial performance and prediction potential of these indices are then analyzed for the 1957--2001 period. It reveals that on the decadal timescale, most indices except the east--west pressure contrast indices can well capture the continuous weakening of the EAWM around 1986. On the interannual timescale, the low level wind indices and East Asian trough indices have the best predictability based on knowledge of the El Nino-Southern Oscillation and Arctic Oscillation, respectively. All the 18 existing indices can well describe the EAWM-related circulation, precipitation, and lower tropospheric air temperature anomalies. However, the variations of surface air temperature over large areas of central China cannot be well captured by most indices, which is possibly related to topographic effects. The results of this study may provide a possible reference for future studies of the EAWM.  相似文献