A full-scale field experiment to study the thermal-deformation process of widening highway embankments in permafrost regions     

ShuangJie Wang  Long Jin  Kun Yuan  DongGen Chen  JinPing Li  Yi Song 《寒旱区科学》2021,13(2):123-132

As one of the widely used upgrading way in road engineering, the widening embankment(WE) has suffered evident differential deformation, which is even severer for highway in permafrost regions due to the temperature sensitivity of frozen soil and the heat absorption effect of the asphalt pavement. Given this issue, a full-scale experimental highway of WE was performed along the Qinghai-Tibet Highway(QTH) to investigate the differential deformation features and its developing law. The continuous three years' monitoring data taken from the experimental site, including the ground temperature and the layered deformation of WE and original embankment(OE), were used to analyze the thermal-deformation process. The results indicate that the widening part presented the remarkable thermal disturbance to the existing embankment(EE). The underlying permafrost was in a noteworthy degradation state, embodying the apparent decrease of the permafrost table and the increase of the ground temperature. Correspondingly, the heat disruption induced by widening led to a much higher deformation at the widening side compared to the original embankment, showing a periodic stepwise curve. Specifically, the deformation mainly occurred in the junction of the EE and the widening part, most of which was caused by the thawing consolidation near the original permafrost table. In contrast, the deformation of EE mainly attributed to the compression of the active layer. Furthermore, it was the deformation origination differences that resulted in the differential deformation of WE developed gradually during the monitoring period, the maximum of which reached up to 64 mm.  相似文献   

Impact of monsoonal climatic change on Holocene overbank flooding along Sushui River,middle reach of the Yellow River,China     

《Quaternary Science Reviews》2007,26(17-18):2247-2264

In the semiarid loess regions, slackwater deposition of overbank flooding over the piedmont alluvial plains was episodic and alternated with dust accumulation and soil formation throughout the Holocene. The records of past hydrological events are therefore preserved within the architecture of loess and soils and are protected from subsequent erosion and destruction. Several Holocene loess–soil sequences with the deposits of overbank flooding over the semiarid piedmont alluvial plains in the southeast part of the middle reaches of the Yellow River drainage basin were investigated by field observation, OSL and C¹⁴ dating, measurement of magnetic susceptibility, particle-size distribution and chemical elements. This enables the reconstruction of a complete catalog of Holocene overbank flooding events at a watershed scale and an investigation of hydrological response to monsoonal climatic change as well. During the Holocene, there are six episodes of overbank flooding recorded over the alluvial plain. The first occurred at 11,500–11,000 a BP, i.e. the onset of the Holocene. The second took place at 9500–8500 a BP, immediately before the mid-Holocene Climatic Optimum. After an extended geomorphic stability and soil formation, the third overbank flooding episode came at about 3620–3520 a BP, i.e. the late stage of the mid-Holocene Climatic Optimum, and the floodwater inundated and devastated a Bronze-age town of the Xia Culture built on the alluvial plain, and therefore the town was abandoned for a period of ca 100 years. During the late Holocene, the alluvial plain experienced three episodes of overbank flooding at 2420–2170, 1860–1700 and 680–100 a BP, respectively. The occurrence of these overbank flooding episodes corresponds to the anomalous change in monsoonal climate in the middle reaches of the Yellow River drainage basin when rapid climate change or climatic decline occurs. During at least the last four episodes, both extreme floods and droughts occurred and climate departed from its normal condition, which was defined as a balanced change between the northwestern continental monsoon and southeastern maritime monsoon over time. Great floods occurred as a result of extreme rainstorms in summers caused by rare intensive meridianal airflows involving northwestward moving tropical cyclone systems from the Pacific. These results could be applied to improve our understanding of high-resolution climatic change, and of hydrological response to climatic change in the semiarid zones.  相似文献   

岩质圆形隧洞围岩应力场弹塑性新解   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1  

王亮  赵均海  李小伟 《工程地质学报》2007,15(3):422-427

鉴于目前隧洞围岩应力场弹塑性分析多采用Mohr-Coulomb准则分析而未能考虑岩石中间主应力的不足,选取米勒试验中第Ⅱ类岩石材料,以具有完整性围岩结构特征的岩质圆形隧洞为研究对象,应用统一强度理论推导出了岩质圆形隧洞围岩应力和塑性区半径等弹塑性理论新解,已有的修正芬纳公式和卡斯特纳公式是本文解在b=0情况下的退化形式。通过分析获得了一些新的认识和结论,对工程实践具有较好的指导意义。  相似文献   

北祁连西段黑下佬同碰撞花岗岩地质特征   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

徐卫东  岳世东  张国成 《华北地质》2007,30(2):110-114

甘肃省北祁连西段黑下佬二长花岗岩是加里东造山期同碰撞期产物,是以岩墙扩张机制形成的被动就位岩体,为下地壳部分熔融形成的花岗岩岩浆经分异结晶作用形成的I型花岗岩。按其副矿物组合特征,相当于磁铁矿系列,具有轻稀土富集的右倾式稀土元素配分形式,岩石的δ18OSMOW值与I型花岗岩的一般特征相符,岩石的微量元素蛛网图特征与同碰撞期花岗岩相似。  相似文献   

中国大陆科学钻探孔区的数字三分量反射地震调查   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

杨文采  朱光明  杨振华  王宏琳  徐刚  周一平  姚虹  李桂华 《地球物理学报》2007,50(3):780-790

本文将简要介绍在大陆科学钻探孔区进行数字三分量地震勘探试验数据采集处理技术，以及取得的初步成果. 鉴于结晶岩地区波场的复杂性，在剖面调查之前要先进行波场特征调查，才能确定三分量地震调查观测系统采集参数.数据处理中与水平分量处理有关的三个困难环节包括静校正、速度分析与动校叠加，必须有所创新.在大陆科学钻探工程中，三分量数字地震调查之所以放在终孔后才进行，主要是因为三分量地震解释要以钻孔资料和VSP成果为基础.如果没有岩芯物性测定资料或VSP纵横波速度计算曲线，横波速度剖面模式就难以建立，水平分量数据处理和解释就难以进行.与单分量地震调查相比，水平分量采集处理提供了转换波信息，可反映独特的很有意义的地质信息.在三分量数字地震调查X分量深度叠加剖面左半边深度2600～3400 m区段出现密集的水平反射层，与Z分量反射剖面和变质岩片倾向不一致.对比主孔气体异常曲线可知，这些水平反射是地层中流体含量升高的反映.  相似文献   

萨拉乌苏河流域末次间冰期 古土壤化学风化与古气候   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

欧阳椿陶  李保生  欧先交  温小浩  曾兰华  杨艺  刘宇飞 《地理学报》2007,62(5):518-528

内蒙萨拉乌苏河流域米浪沟湾剖面末次间冰期发育5 层古土壤。对这5 层古土壤的形 态特征、粒度、扫描电镜及化学风化等分析结果表明: (1) 这些古土壤具有与华北现代褐土相 似的形态特征; (2) 粘化率中部高和石英颗粒表面硅质溶蚀-沉淀现象表明古土壤层中发生过 风化成壤作用; (3) 用K₂O/Na₂O、Al₂O₃/Na₂O、MnO/Al₂O₃、CIA 及A-CN-K 图解与华北现代 褐土作对比分析, 发现它们的化学风化特征极为相似; (4) 用气温及降水量与CIA 值的回归 关系方程, 得出5 层古土壤发育时期的水热状况确与华北现代的暖温带半湿润季风性气候大 致相同或更显暖湿。形态特征、粒度、石英颗粒表面特征和化学风化特征等多个方面具备了 与现代华北褐土类似的化学风化成壤特征, 证明这些古土壤是在与华北相似的暖温带半湿润 季风性气候条件下形成的。  相似文献   

雅鲁藏布江河谷黄土的沉积特征及成因   总被引：10，自引：5，他引：5  

靳鹤龄  董光荣  张春来 《中国沙漠》2000,20(1):14-19

在野外调查和室内资料分析的基础上,对西藏雅鲁藏布江中部流域河谷地区黄土的形成时代、物质特征及成因进行了研究,认为该黄土是近源黄土,形成时代与青藏高原东缘武都黄土相近。黄土的重矿物组成明显受到雅鲁藏布江河谷第四纪碎屑物质的影响,其地球化学元素构成与黄土高原北部榆林剖面相近,粒度组成以100~50μm和50~10μm的颗粒为主,为沙黄土。该黄土是在雅鲁藏布江河谷丰富碎屑物质、宽谷与峡谷相间地貌特征的基础上,受冬季或寒冷时期西风急流和河谷与山地间热力差异产生的谷风搬运堆积,并在温暖时期经历生物、化学、粘化作用等过程共同形成的。  相似文献   

层状岩体巷道弯曲变形的有限元模拟   总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0  

王启耀  蒋臻蔚  杨林德 《岩土力学》2006,27(7):1101-1104

在缓倾斜或水平层状岩体中开挖巷道时巷道顶底板弯曲变形和破坏的问题十分突出,巷道往往因这些部位发生过大变形而率先破坏,导致结构的整体失稳。根据层状岩体的特点,分析了其弯曲变形破坏的机理和条件,利用考虑偶应力的Cosserat介质理论,基于Matlab平台编制了相应的计算程序,对水平层状岩体巷道的变形特征及影响因素进行了模拟研究,结果表明Cosserat理论对层状岩体巷道的开挖模拟是适用的,而且简便。  相似文献   

Garnierites and garnierites: Textures,mineralogy and geochemistry of garnierites in the Falcondo Ni-laterite deposit,Dominican Republic     

《Ore Geology Reviews》2014

Garnierites (Ni–Mg-bearing phyllosilicates) are significant ore minerals in Ni-laterites of the hydrous silicate-type. In the Falcondo Ni-laterite deposit (Dominican Republic), garnierites are found within the saprolite horizon mainly as fracture-fillings and thin coatings on joints. Field observations indicate an important role of active brittle tectonics during garnierite precipitation. Different greenish colours and textures can be distinguished, which correspond to different mineral phases, defined according to X-ray diffraction (XRD) and electron microprobe (EMP) analyses: a) talc-like (10 Å-type), b) serpentine-like (7 Å-type), c) a mixture of talc- and serpentine-like, and d) sepiolite-like types. Compositional data indicate continuous Mg–Ni solid solution along the joins lizardite–népouite (serpentine-like), kerolite–pimelite (talc-like) and sepiolite–falcondoite (sepiolite-like). In general, talc-like garnierite is dominant in Falcondo Ni-laterite and displays higher Ni contents than serpentine-like garnierites. EMP analyses showing deviations from the stoichiometric Mg–Ni solid solutions of serpentine and talc are best explained by talc- and serpentine-like mixing at the nanoscale. A detailed textural study by means of quantified X-ray element imaging provides a wealth of new information about the relationships between textural position, sequence of crystallization and mineral composition of the studied garnierite samples. These results indicate several stages of growth with variable Ni content, pointing to recurrent changes in the physical–chemical conditions during garnierite precipitation. In addition, our detailed mineralogical study of the Falcondo garnierites revealed that the different types identified have characteristic H₂O content and SiO₂/MgO ratios, which play important roles during the pyrometallurgy process.  相似文献   

京津冀地区AOD时空变化及影响因子的地理探测          下载免费PDF全文

景悦  孙艳玲  高爽  陈莉  潘隆  马含 《干旱区地理》2020,43(1):87-98

基于MODIS 3 km AOD遥感数据，利用空间自相关模型及地理探测器对2010—2016年京津冀地区AOD的时空变化特征及其影响因子进行探测。结果表明：（1） 2010—2016年京津冀地区年平均AOD值为0.83，其中天津市年均AOD值为研究区最高，河北省次之，北京市最低。研究区及各分区AOD的7 a变化趋势大体一致，呈现先下降后上升再小幅波动的状态。（2） 空间自相关分析表明京津冀地区AOD空间分布呈现显著正相关。局部高高聚集区主要集中在北京市东南部、天津市南部及河北省的中南部，低低聚集区集中分布在西北部山区。研究区高低聚集区面积均呈减小趋势，不显著区呈扩大态势。（3） 地理探测器结果表明不同区域的主导影响因子不同，北京市首要影响因子为NDVI，其次为人口密度，且二者交互作用明显。天津市主导因子为风速，人口密度、第二产业生产总值等人为因子的作用力也较大，风速与其交互作用较强。河北省主导因子为人口密度，GDP与第二产业生产总值等的作用力次之，整体交互作用偏弱。通过地理探测器解析京津冀地区AOD空间分异的影响机理，其结果对我国大气污染治理具有重要意义。  相似文献