GPS sensitivity analysis applied to non-permanent deformation control networks   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

B. Betti  L. Biagi  M. Crespi  F. Riguzzi 《Journal of Geodesy》1999,73(3):158-167

This paper illustrates the surveys and the results obtained in an experiment whose goal is to evaluate the Global Positioning System (GPS) sensitivity and accuracy for deformation control on non-permanent network of different extensions. To this aim a high-precision device was properly built to set up known displacements along three orthogonal axes of a GPS antenna. One of the antennas in the considered GPS networks was moved according to centimeter and sub-centimeter displacements; after careful GPS data processing, it was evaluated whether these simulated deformations were correctly a posteriori detected and at which probability level. This experiment was carried out both on a local (baselines ranging between 3 and 30 km) and on a regional (baselines ranging between 300 and 600 km) GPS network. The results show that in the local network it is possible to identify the displacements at a level of 10 mm in height and at a level of 5 mm in horizontal position. The analysis of the regional network showed that it is fundamental to investigate new strategies to model the troposphere; in fact, it is necessary to improve the precision of the height in order to correctly identify displacements lower than 60–80 mm; on the contrary, horizontal displacements can be evidenced at the level of 20 mm. Received: 27 April 1998 / Accepted: 14 December 1998  相似文献   

农业气象灾害损失评估方法及其在产量预报中的应用   总被引：21，自引：2，他引：19  

宫德吉  陈素华 《应用气象学报》1999,10(1):66-71

该文提出了以无气象灾害时农作物应当达到的期望产量为基础来评估农业气象灾害损失的问题。介绍了期望产量和因灾减产量的确定方法,依据因灾减产量与相应年份农作物不同生长期所发生的气象灾害的强度、覆盖度以及作物对灾害的敏感度等关系,建立起因灾减产量的结构型统计评估模式。  相似文献   

Generalised relative and cumulative response functions for electromagnetic induction conductivity meters operating at low induction numbers          下载免费PDF全文

Fernando César Moura de Andrade  Tomáš Fischer 《Geophysical Prospecting》2018,66(3):595-602

Relative and cumulative analytical response functions have been widely used as a powerful tool for forward modelling and interpretation of measurements obtained by electromagnetic induction conductivity meters operating at low induction numbers for one‐dimensional layered earth models. These well‐known functions were derived and should be used for the instruments laid on the surface of the earth. In this paper, we extended the response functions and obtained new generalised analytical expressions, which can be used for instruments carried at any height from the surface. The proposed new equations were compared with numerically constructed functions, obtained using the full solution of Maxwell's equations, and proved to be in very good agreement at low induction numbers. Quantitative analyses of the behaviour of the relative response and the depth of investigation of electromagnetic induction instruments, when raised from the ground, could also be done using the generalised functions.  相似文献   

力平衡反馈技术在石英水平摆倾斜仪中的应用研究          下载免费PDF全文

李际弘  高尚华  薛兵 《地球物理学报》2018,61(11):4486-4492

石英水平摆倾斜仪在前兆地震观测中得到了广泛的应用,取得了较好的观测数据,但是仍然存在一些不足,如灵敏度未知、频率特性不理想等.为解决这些问题,本文提出一种基于力平衡反馈技术的石英水平摆倾斜仪设计方法.该方法通过差动式电容换能器检测摆锤的位置信息,将其转换成电信号输出;同时通过电子线路将输出电压信号处理后反馈给摆锤,该反馈电压在摆锤上产生一静电力.根据该设计方法,我们研制了原理样机并进行了测试,结果表明,样机的灵敏度为16801V/（m·s^-2）,样机的幅度响应在从DC到5s都是平坦的.  相似文献   

UNCERTAINTY AND SENSITIVITY ANALYSES OF SEDIMENT TRANSPORT FORMULAS     

Keh Chia YEH  Sen Long DENG 《国际泥沙研究》1998,(1)

ＵＮＣＥＲＴＡＩＮＴＹＡＮＤＳＥＮＳＩＴＩＶＩＴＹＡＮＡＬＹＳＥＳＯＦＳＥＤＩＭＥＮＴＴＲＡＮＳＰＯＲＴＦＯＲＭＵＬＡＳＫｅｈＣｈｉａＹＥＨ１ａｎｄＳｅｎＬｏｎｇＤＥＮＧ２ＡＢＳＴＲＡＣＴＩｎｖｉｅｗｏｆｔｈｅｒａｎｄｏｍｃｈａｒａｃｔｅｒｉｓｔ...  相似文献   

土壤-植被-大气系统水分能量传输模拟和验证   总被引：21，自引：0，他引：21  

莫兴国 《气象学报》1998,56(3):323-332

本文建立了包括地下水的土壤－植被－大气系统水分能量传输综合模型,并对模型中冠层动量湍流交换反梯度传输现象的描述进行了改进。在此基础上,依据冠层内动量和热量的交换以及辐射传输过程,同时求解地表、冠层能量平衡方程,进而模拟饱和－非饱和土壤的水热传输。用浅地下水地区冬小麦田间试验资料对模型进行验证,结果表明,系统能量平衡各分量和土壤含水量的模拟与观测结果相当一致。模型敏感性分析发现,叶面积指数对总蒸散量的影响随叶面积指数的增加而逐渐减弱;叶片最小气孔阻力对总蒸散量的影响,在该阻力较小时更显著;地下水位对蒸散量的影响在它小于１．５ｍ时不显著,而在１．５～１．７５ｍ之间时,蒸散减小较快,主要由于土壤蒸发减小显著,冠层蒸腾稍有增加。  相似文献   

Simulated Sensitivity of Ozone Generation to Precursors in Beijing during a High O3 Episode     

Meng CUI  Xingqin AN  Li XING  Guohui LI  Guiqian TANG  Jianjun HE  Xin LONG  Shuman ZHAO 《大气科学进展》2021,38(7):1223-1237

This study uses the WRF-Chem model combined with the empirical kinetic modeling method (EKMA curve) to study the compound pollution event in Beijing that happened in 13-23 May 2017. Sensitivity tests are conducted to analyze ozone sensitivity to its precursors, and to develop emission reduction measures. The results suggest that the model can accurately simulate the compound pollution process of photochemistry and haze. When VOCs and NOx were reduced by the same proportion, the effect of O3 reduction at peak time was more obvious, and the effect during daytime was more significant than at night. The degree of change in ozone was peak time > daytime average. When reducing or increasing the ratio of precursors by 25％ at the same time, the effect of reducing 25％ VOCs on the average ozone concentration reduction was most significant. The degree of change in ozone decreased with increasing altitude, the location of the ozone maximum change shifted westward, and its range narrowed. As the altitude increases, the VOCs-limited zone decreases, VOCs sensitivity decreases, NOx sensitivity increases. The controlled area changed from near-surface VOCs-limited to high-altitude NOx-limited. Upon examining the EKMA curve, we have found that suburban and urban are sensitive to VOCs. The sensitivity tests indicate that when VOCs in suburban are reduced about 60％, the O3-1h concentration could reach the standard, and when VOCs of the urban decreased by about 50％, the O3-1h concentration could reach the standard. Thus, these findings could provide references for the control of compound air pollution in Beijing.  相似文献   

Sensitivity of near-surface Tropical Instability Waves to submonthly wind forcing in the tropical Atlantic     

Gabriela Athi  Frdric Marin  Anne-Marie Treguier  Bernard Bourls  Catherine Guiavarc&#x;h 《Ocean Modelling》2009,30(4):241-255

This study demonstrates the sensitivity of the near-surface properties in the tropical Atlantic Ocean to the high-frequency of the winds in numerical simulations. At intra-seasonal timescales (2–50 days), two distinct period ranges dominate the variability in the upper ocean: periods between 2 and 20 days, which are essentially wind-forced and periods between 20 and 50 days, due mostly to Tropical Instability Waves (TIWs). Using a numerical model forced by different wind fields, it is shown that the characteristics of the intra-seasonal variability in the ocean surface mixed-layer are strongly dependent on the wind forcing. Submonthly winds are shown to force large variability in the upper ocean that can strikingly decrease the amplitude of the TIWs in the mixed-layer and their imprint on the horizontal distribution of sea surface temperatures. Wind products containing too much energy at submonthly periods thus prevent wind-forced simulations from reproducing a realistic surface signature of TIWs, when compared to satellite observations of sea surface temperature. In addition, submonthly wind variability may be responsible for part of the observed interannual variability of the TIW signature in the temperature. The impact of submonthly winds is strongest in the mixed-layer: beneath the mixed-layer, all simulations show similar characteristics of the TIWs.  相似文献   

Probabilistic analysis of numerical simulated railway track global stiffness     

《Computers and Geotechnics》2014

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致密砂岩储层速敏效应形成机理及其分布规律研究——以库车坳陷东部阿合组为例   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

袁文芳  秦红  王锋  曹少芳  邢星 《地质科学》2014,49(4):1279-1286

库车坳陷东部下侏罗统阿合组是典型的致密储层,由于储层自身（特）低孔（特）低渗的物性特征,极易引发较强的敏感性。本文通过岩石薄片和扫描电镜的显微观察,结合X衍射测试分析和致密储层敏感性流动实验评价,从运移微粒的成因、 含量和孔喉特征等角度,分析了研究区产生速敏效应的内在因素; 结合速敏效应的实验评价,梳理引发研究层段速敏效应平面差异的主控因素,认为研究层段内广泛发育由刚性颗粒崩解而形成微小颗粒的含量以及孔喉大小和连通性好坏,是造成上述速敏效应平面差异的主控因素。通过对研究区速敏效应形成机理的具体分析和评价,为下一步的钻探和开采提供了切实可行的储层保护和改造建议。  相似文献