降水-雾过程毫米波雷达探测分析     

岑炬辉  唐世浩  胡利军  涂小萍  姚日升 《气象》2021,(2):205-215

运用毫米波雷达探测对2017年4月15日夜间造成低能见度天气的降水-雾过程进行了特征分析。水平分布特征分析得出该降水-雾过程空间尺度约为15 km,雷达回波强度范围为-20~25 dBz。对该过程的垂直结构进行分析后显示,此过程经过时,近地面经历了由降水到雾的一系列转变过程。对雷达径向速度的分析显示过程的主体结构较稳定,边缘区域对主体区域进行补偿,使过程维持发展。地面能见度观测站观测的能见度在过程接近时开始下降,并在过程即将离开时达到最低,在过程离开一段时间后能见度恢复,并且过程经过时在毫米波雷达扫描区域未观测到有效降水。根据经验公式较好地模拟了此过程中低空雷达反射率强度和近地面能见度之间的关系,具体公式为Vis=2.2832^-0121。  相似文献   

云南省腾冲县不同覆盖物的光谱特征分析     

贺容  杨存建  李春燕  陈军  杨建祥 《福建地理》2009,(2):85-89

地物光谱特征的测定和分析对遥感理论研究和应用具有重要的意义．本研究利用SE590地物光谱仪在野外对腾冲县的不同盖度的小麦、不同条件下同种土壤以及不同覆盖物的光谱进行了测定,并制作了光谱曲线图,对其光谱特征进行了分析．研究表明,在波长400～700nm的范围内,小麦的盖度越高,其反射率越低．在800～1000nm的范围内,小麦的盖度越高其反射率越高．在368～696nm的范围内,干燥土壤的反射率比潮湿土壤的低,在726～1100nm的范围内,干燥土壤的反射率比潮湿土壤的高．就水面、石棉瓦、水泥地面、板岩镶嵌的公路路面而言,在400—1000nm的范围内,水泥地面和石棉瓦的反射率最高,板岩镶嵌的公路路面次之,水面最低．在波长373～632nm的范围内,水泥地面光谱曲线的坡度比石棉瓦和板岩镶嵌的公路路面都高．  相似文献   

雷达反射率数据质量控制方法初探   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3       下载免费PDF全文

宗蓉  刘春云 《气象与环境学报》2009,25(2):62-67

地物、超折射等非降水回波是影响雷达定量探测降水和其他产品的重要因素,利用降水和非降水回波反射率三维结构的特征可以对雷达数据进行质量控制。通过对合肥、广州、濮阳、烟台等多部雷达的体扫资料的统计,结果表明：降水和非降水的水平反射率结构（T）和垂直反射率差（V）在反射率的低值和高值区体现出不同的分布特征,因此为这两个判据在反射率低值和高值区设定不同的判别指标。实验表明,此方法可以改善降水和非降水回波的识别效果。  相似文献   

对流性降水雨滴谱特征及其与雷达反射率因子的对比分析   总被引：8，自引：7，他引：1  

濮江平  张昊  周晓  张卉慧  王可法 《气象科学》2012,32(3):253-259

利用OTT Parsivel激光降水粒子谱仪观测的南京地区梅雨季节对流性降水过程的雨滴谱资料和江苏省气象台龙王山雷达观测资料,结合天气形势,对梅雨季节对流性降水过程的微物理参量、平均雨滴谱和速度谱分布特征进行分析;在对平均谱拟合时发现,Gamma分布对小滴数目的估计和大滴端形状的符合程度效果好于M-P分布和对数正态分布,并且拟合了Gamma分布参数μ和λ的二次项关系;建立了雷达反射率因子与雨强的相关关系,并将Parsive激光降水粒子谱仪观测计算的回波强度与雷达观测的回波强度作以比较,结果表明:对于此次暴雨过程,雷达观测到的回波强度有低估的现象,并且Parsivel粒子激光探测仪观测计算的回波强度越大,雷达低估的现象越为明显。回波修正后,用统计的Z-I关系式估算的降水量与Parsivel测得的降水量更为接近。  相似文献   

毫米波雷达资料融化层亮带特征的分析及识别   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

王德旺  刘黎平  仲凌志  魏艳强  汪晓滨 《气象》2012,38(6):712-721

云的融化层亮带位置、厚度及其回波强度的垂直结构变化信息对于云和降水物理研究、人工影响天气指挥和效果评估,数值模拟云参数化均有非常重要的意义。为了了解云层融化层高度的精确位置,根据云雷达在广东、河北、吉林等不同云过程总计456个例分析(其中确认融化层明显个例34次),系统分析云雷达探测到融化层亮带宏观参量的统计情况,包括融化层厚度、反射率因子在融化层强度变化、退偏振因子在融化层的强度变化,并提出了一种结合垂直探测的云雷达探测到的雷达反射率因子(R)和退偏振因子(Ldr)垂直廓线数据,根据参量在融化层附近显著变化特性,识别零度层亮带高度和厚度的算法。同时选取个例对应观测时刻探空资料观测的0°层高度进行对比,反演的融化层高度等参数同实际情况比较接近,位于探空资料观测的0°层下方,而且退偏振因子对融化层的敏感程度大于反射率因子。  相似文献   

天然固体沥青的有机岩石学特征   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

陈中凯  金奎励 《煤田地质与勘探》1995,23(4):18-22

简述了识别沥青的方法及其在显微镜下与均质镜质体的区别、沥青中出现的各种显微结构的特征及其对反射率的影响。根据沥青显微结构和光性特征划分了沥青的演化阶段。   相似文献   

Layered clouds in the Indian monsoon region     

M. K. Rama Varma Raja  G. C. Asnani  P. S. Salvekar  A. R. Jain  D. Narayana Rao  S. Venkoba Rao  P. Kishore  M. Hareesh 《Journal of Earth System Science》1999,108(4):287-295

Contrary to the prevalent belief that tropical region is characterized by convective clouds rather than by layer clouds, we have suggested that deep convective clouds occur on meso-scale, but layer clouds occur on larger synoptic-scale with a relatively small region of deep convective clouds. Sustenance of deep convective clouds is inhibited by the presence of inertio-gravity waves, which have alternating layers of upward and downward motion in the vertical. We have also shown that inertio-gravity waves generate regions of relatively strong horizontal velocity, vertically separated by layers of relatively weak horizontal velocity. Layers of strong horizontal velocity are created by inertio-gravity wave system through convergence of vertical flux of horizontal momentum. We have also suggested that horizontal convergence/divergence of moisture flux is generated by inertio-gravity waves, giving rise to vertically alternating layers of high/low humidity, and visible or sub-visible clouds. Layers of high humidity become layers of strong radar reflectivity at frequency of 53 MHz at which MST Radar at Gadanki, near Tirupati, India, operates. These observations, more than 2,50,000 in number, for vertical grid points, spread over all the months of the year, have helped us, among other observations, to arrive at these conclusions. Further, the analysis suggests that the main source of strong MST radar reflectivity is not mechanical turbulence as is commonly believed.  相似文献   

老王寨金矿地面波谱的TM相关研究     

王海平  胡云中 《地质与资源》1996,5(3):187-194

老王寨金矿是我国80年代新发现的特大型金矿田。基于岩矿波谱反射率与TM图像亮度线性相关关系,文章用金矿田内典型金矿床地面波谱的实例数据,经回归分析,建立了典型金矿床地面波谱反射率与矿田内TM图像最佳波段的相关模型,据相关模型将TM图像反演成与典型金矿床有关的地空相关图像。老王寨金矿田的TM相关研究表明,在金成矿远景区预测、最佳靶区筛选的应用方面,彩色编码合成的彩色相关图像优于单波段的相关图像。  相似文献   

Ground truthed performance of single‐and dual‐polarized radar rain rates at large ranges          下载免费PDF全文

Micheal J. Simpson  Jason A. Hubbart  Neil I. Fox 《水文研究》2016,30(20):3692-3703

Radar accuracy in estimating qualitative precipitation estimation at distances larger than 120 km degrades rapidly because of increased volume coverage and beam height. The performance of the recently upgraded dual‐polarized technology to the NEXRAD network and its capabilities are in need of further examination, as improved rainfall estimates at large distances would allow for significant hydrological modelling improvements. Parameter based methods were applied to radars from St. Louis (KLSX) and Kansas City (KEAX), Missouri, USA, to test the precision and accuracy of both dual‐ and single‐polarized parameter estimations of precipitation at large distances. Hourly aggregated precipitation data from terrestrial‐based tipping buckets provided ground‐truthed reference data. For all KLSX data tested, an R(Z,ZDR) algorithm provided the smallest absolute error (3.7 mm h^?1) and root‐mean‐square‐error (45%) values. For most KEAX data, R(ZDR,KDP) and R(KDP) algorithms performed best, with RMSE values of 37%. With approximately 100 h of precipitation data between April and October of 2014, nearly 800 and 400 mm of precipitation were estimated by radar precipitation algorithms but was not observed by terrestrial‐based precipitation gauges for KLSX and KEAX, respectively. Additionally, nearly 30 and 190 mm of measured precipitation observed by gauges were not detected by the radar rainfall estimates from KLSX and KEAX, respectively. Results improve understanding of radar based precipitation estimates from long ranges thereby advancing applications for hydrometeorological modelling and flood forecasting. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

LAGEOS Satellites Germanium Cube-Corner-Retroreflectors and the Asymmetric Reflectivity Effect     

David M. Lucchesi 《Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy》2004,88(3):269-291

We propose a new analytical theory to explain the physical cause of the asymmetric reflectivity effect observed for the LAGEOS satellites. To achieve this result we have modelled the reflection of the Sun visible light from the four germanium Cube-Corner-Retroreflectors of these satellites. The position of the Cube-Corner-Retroreflectors play a crucial role in defining the characteristics of the effect and its impact in the satellites orbit. With this new approach we have been able to reproduce the temporal variation of the asymmetric reflectivity effect acceleration for LAGEOS, and to determine the main characteristic of the effect in the case of LAGEOS II. When considering the orbital elements, we have been able to reproduce the time evolution of LAGEOS eccentricity vector excitations and perigee rate. In the case of LAGEOS II, the asymmetric reflectivity effect need to be modelled with an analytical expression different from that previously introduced for LAGEOS.This revised version was published online in October 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献