环境DNA技术在生态保护和监测中的应用   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

张辉  线薇薇 《海洋科学》2020,44(7):96-102

生物多样性减少、生态系统功能退化、全球气候变化是全球性重大问题，在避免对当前生态环境再破坏的前提下，开展全面准确的生态监测来查清和明确生物多样性，对生态保护和可持续利用极其重要。环境DNA技术（eDNA）的发展提供了一种生态和生物多样性监测的新手段，是近年来的前沿热点技术之一。国际上已经将其广泛应用于生态监测中，而我国的相关研究成果，尤其是在海洋生态监测中的研究成果则相对缺乏。本文综述了eDNA技术的发展和国内外基于eDNA技术取得的相关成果，主要从eDNA技术与传统监测方法的互补性、基于eDNA技术监测物种生活史过程、基于eDNA技术推算物种丰度、基于eDNA技术研究生态系统结构变化等几个主要方面进行了介绍；阐释了eDNA技术应用的研究领域和方向；揭示了eDNA技术在生态监测中的适用性和重要性；指出了eDNA技术存在的一些问题。本综述对于生态保护与监测、资源的保护和可持续利用具有一定的参考价值。  相似文献   

Uses of invasive alien plant species in Rema-Kalenga Wildlife Sanctuary of Bangladesh     

Md.Parvez Rana  Fahima Akhter 《山地科学学报》2010,7(4):380-385

An exploratory survey was conducted on the uses and role of invasive alien species(IAS) to local livelihoods in the Rema-Kalenga Wildlife Sanctuary in the northeastern hilly region of Bangladesh.Vegetation was sampled in 50 quadrates,each 10 m×10 m,and 25 line transects,each 50 m×20 m,through a combination of random and systematic sampling.Group discussions were also arranged with fifty local inhabitants(17 % of the total inhabitants) to learn the various uses of IAS.A total of 17 alien plant species belonging to 10 different families,of which Leguminosae constitutes the highest number(5 species),include tree(53%) followed by herb(12%),shrub(12%) and others(weed,climber and palm).The majority of the identified species were found to be used for fuel,followed by timber production,medicinal or curative uses,fodder,and many others.In addition to providing various forest products,alien tree species planted in forest plantation help provide many vital ecosystem services such as soil amelioration through nitrogen fixation.It is true that the alien species have some negative impacts on local ecosystems,and not all of them are harmful.Therefore,a national programme must be initiated to distinguish the harmful from the harmless species and to identify the uses and impacts of the former and latter.  相似文献   

Consequences and Implications of Anthropogenic Desalination of Salt Marshes on Macrobenthos          下载免费PDF全文

Shanze Li  Baoshan Cui  Tian Xie  Xiaojing Shao  Menglu Zhang 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2016,44(1):8-15

  相似文献   

Plant Species Richness Affected Nitrogen Retention and Ecosystem Productivity in a Full‐Scale Constructed Wetland     

Si‐Xi Zhu  Peili Zhang  Hai Wang  Han‐Liang Ge  Jie Chang  Scott Chang  Zhi Qiu  Hongbo Shao  Ying Ge 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2012,40(4):341-347

The effects of plant species richness (SR; i.e., 1, 2, 4, 8, and 16 species per plot) on substrate nitrate and ammonium retention and ecosystem productivity in a full‐scale constructed wetland (CW) with high nitrogen (N) input were studied. Substrate nitrate (0.1–16.4 mg kg^?1) and ammonium concentrations (1.3–9.2 mg kg^?1) in this study were higher than those in other comparable biodiversity experiments. Substrate nitrate concentration significantly increased while ammonium concentration significantly decreased with the increase of plant SR (p = 0.008 and 0.040, respectively). The response of ecosystem productivity to increasing SR was unimodal with four species per plot achieving the greatest productivity. Transgressive overyielding, which was compared to the most productive of corresponding monocultures, did not occur in most polycultures. We conclude that substrate N retention was enhanced by plant SR even with high N input, and plant SR could be managed to improve the efficiency of N removals in CWs for wastewater treatment.  相似文献   

The COVID-19 pandemic and global environmental change: Emerging research needs     

《Chemie der Erde / Geochemistry》2002

The outbreak of COVID-19 raised numerous questions on the interactions between the occurrence of new infections, the environment, climate and health. The European Union requested the H2020 HERA project which aims at setting priorities in research on environment, climate and health, to identify relevant research needs regarding Covid-19. The emergence and spread of SARS-CoV-2 appears to be related to urbanization, habitat destruction, live animal trade, intensive livestock farming and global travel. The contribution of climate and air pollution requires additional studies. Importantly, the severity of COVID-19 depends on the interactions between the viral infection, ageing and chronic diseases such as metabolic, respiratory and cardiovascular diseases and obesity which are themselves influenced by environmental stressors. The mechanisms of these interactions deserve additional scrutiny. Both the pandemic and the social response to the disease have elicited an array of behavioural and societal changes that may remain long after the pandemic and that may have long term health effects including on mental health. Recovery plans are currently being discussed or implemented and the environmental and health impacts of those plans are not clearly foreseen. Clearly, COVID-19 will have a long-lasting impact on the environmental health field and will open new research perspectives and policy needs.  相似文献   

Invasion of Sargassum muticum in intertidal rockpools: Patterns along the Atlantic Iberian Peninsula     

《Marine environmental research》2013

Spatial patterns of non-indigenous species show scale-dependent properties. Sargassum muticum is an invasive macroalga widely distributed along the Atlantic Iberian Peninsula. Despite being quite abundant from Norway to South Portugal, there is little information about its patterns of distribution, particularly at a large spatial scale (i.e. thousands of kilometres). Here, we examined the spatial variation in the invasion success of S. muticum from rockpools at multiple spatial scales using a hierarchical design. In addition, we analysed how the richness of native assemblages was related to its invasion success and how this relationship changed over different scales. Most of the variation in the invasion success was found at the smallest scales of pool and plot. Furthermore, the invasibility of native macroalgal assemblages was related to the native species richness, but causes that determined invasion success could not be separated from the effects provoked by the invader. Results suggest that small-scale (centimetres to metres) processes contribute considerably to the heterogeneity of S. muticum invasion success.  相似文献   

Fine sediment deposition affects biodiversity and density of benthic macroinvertebrates: A case study in the freshwater pearl mussel river Waldaist (Upper Austria)     

《Limnologica》2015

Fine sediment deposition in stream beds frequently generated by certain land use practices has become an increasing stressor for rivers throughout the world. In this study, the role of fine sediment deposition and its impact on the benthic macro-invertebrate assemblages was investigated in a low mountain freshwater pearl mussel stream, the Waldaist. Communities of unaffected sites and sites under high fine sediment deposition were compared. Distinct reactions of benthic assemblages in fine gravelly habitats were ascertained demonstrating a severe but still underestimated threat for invertebrate biodiversity.  相似文献   

岱山海域大型底栖动物多样性分析          下载免费PDF全文

章飞军  柳涛  应岳  蒋红  叶属峰 《海洋开发与管理》2017,34(9):120-124

文章利用2015年春季航次(5月)和夏季航次(8月)的大型底栖动物采泥调查资料,对岱山海域大型底栖动物的种类组成、丰度、生物量、优势种、多样性进行分析。主要研究结果如下:春季航次共采得大型底栖动物15种,夏季共采得大型底栖动物22种。类群涉及纽形动物、腔肠动物、环节动物多毛类、软体动物、节肢动物甲壳类、棘皮动物等。其中环节动物多毛类在两个航次中种数均为最高。岱山海域春季大型底栖动物优势种为:不倒翁虫、圆锯齿吻沙蚕、双鳃内卷齿蚕和金氏真蛇尾。夏季岱山海域大型底栖动物优势种类有:不倒翁虫、西方拟蛰虫和异足索沙蚕,其中不倒翁虫是两个调查季度月的共同优势种。岱山海域春季各站位平均丰度22ind./m~2,丰度范围为0~90ind./m~2。夏季各站位丰度范围0~165ind./m~2,平均38ind./m~2。春季各站位湿重生物量范围0~2.65g/m~2,平均0.81g/m~2。岱山海域夏季各站位湿重生物量范围0~16.25g/m~2,平均2.29g/m~2。岱山海域春季生物多样性指数(H′)在0~1.75,平均0.70;夏季生物多样性指数(H′)在0~1.75,平均0.67,季节间差异不明显。  相似文献   

New metric of microhabitat complexity predicts species richness on a rocky shore     

Justin J. Meager  Thomas A. Schlacher 《Marine Ecology》2013,34(4):484-491

Most habitat complexity–species diversity relationships are specific to the habitat type, taxonomic group and spatial scale investigated. There is a need for a biologically relevant metric of habitat complexity that is transferable across systems and scales. Here, we introduce a novel metric of landscape microhabitat complexity that may overcome such constraints. It is scaled to the size of individual organisms and it numerically captures structural elements of the habitat that are biologically relevant to individuals. Our model ecosystem to develop this metric was a rocky shore in Eastern Australia. Here species richness of invertebrates was linked to habitat complexity quantified by the new metric. Importantly, measurements made at the scale of the organism predicted species richness at the landscape scale. Testing the generality of this approach across different systems may prove useful in a broader conservation biology context.  相似文献   

生物多样性的保育及可持续利用对策   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

张永民 《地球科学进展》2009,24(6):662-667

简要介绍了千年生态系统评估(MA)项目编写的<生态系统与人类福祉:生物多样性综合报告>的核心内容.报告表明,生物多样性是生态系统服务与人类福祉的源泉,当前的生物多样性丧失是由直接驱动力与间接驱动力综合作用的结果,而且这些驱动力的作用尚未出现减缓迹象,预计未来几十年仍将持续存在,甚至可能进一步增强.因此,为了减缓生物多样性的丧失,必须在原有工作的基础上做出更大努力,制定并实施一整套的保育及可持续利用对策.它们包括:①以保护为主的对策,比如建立保护区等;②以可持续利用为主的对策,如建立生物多样性与生态系统服务的付费制度及交易市场等;③兼顾保护与可持续利用的综合对策,如加强多边环境协议之间的协调等;④侧重于驱动力与促成条件的对策,如取消鼓励过度利用生态系统服务的补贴等.  相似文献