羽毛针禾(Stipagrostis pennata)根鞘暗色丝孢菌降解功能的初步探究     

陈洁作  王慧敏  郭建伟  胡文革  吴楠  张元明 《干旱区地理》2017,40(4):817-823

羽毛针禾（Stipagrostis pennata）因其特殊的根鞘结构而成为新疆北部古尔班通古特沙漠中流动和半流动沙丘上的先锋禾草和优良固沙植物。通过多种方法对5株供试暗色丝孢菌的降解功能进行初步探究,以期为高效降解真菌的选育工作提供理论依据。结果表明：（1）通过羧甲基纤维素钠（CMC-Na）水解圈测定法挑选产纤维素酶的菌株,据透明圈直径与菌落直径的比值判断其产酶能力的大小,除0103菌株外其余株菌均具分解纤维素的能力,0104菌株Dp值高达1.70,其余菌株依次为0304 > 0105 > 0204。（2）采用滤纸条降解法、失重法,对产纤维素酶的菌株进行降解纤维素功能的验证,其中0104菌株降解能力较为明显,其滤纸失重率高达55.72%。（3）在以聚乙烯为唯一碳源的琼脂培养基培养上述菌株,发现0103菌株具降解聚乙烯能力,光学显微镜下观测到被降解的单个聚乙烯膜片面积达3.75 mm²。由上可知,0104和0103菌株分别在降解纤维素及聚乙烯方面有潜在的应用价值,其研究结果也拓展了对根鞘微生物功能的认识,除细菌微生物菌肥之外,真菌资源的挖掘和利用也值得更进一步的关注。  相似文献   

人肠道微生物对海带岩藻聚糖硫酸酯及其寡糖的降解利用     

谢洁玲  史晓翀  史姣霞  于彤  李八方  赵雪 《海洋与湖沼》2017,48(1):50-56

采用人肠道微生物体外厌氧发酵技术,研究人肠道微生物对不同分子量岩藻聚糖硫酸酯的降解利用。分别将五个志愿者的肠道微生物接种到以高分子量和低分子量岩藻聚糖硫酸酯为唯一碳源的培养基中,酵解48h后,采用TLC和PAGE分析分子量变化,PMP-HPLC分析单糖组成变化,GC分析短链脂肪酸的生成情况。结果发现:在人肠道微生物体外降解岩藻聚糖硫酸酯的体系中,岩藻聚糖硫酸酯寡糖和低分子量组分(10—20k Da)含量显著降低,而且酵解产物的单糖组成没有变化,说明被人肠道微生物彻底降解利用;而人肠道微生物对高分子量岩藻聚糖硫酸酯(20k Da)的降解和利用度很低,产物的半乳糖和甘露糖的比例明显下降。低分子量和高分子量岩藻聚糖硫酸酯在酵解后均生成短链脂肪酸乙酸、丙酸和丁酸,但在高分子量岩藻聚糖硫酸酯发酵液中还生成了支链脂肪酸(异丁酸、异戊酸)和戊酸。研究结果表明,人肠道微生物能够彻底降解利用复杂的海带岩藻聚糖硫酸酯寡糖和低分子量组分,但是对高分子量岩藻聚糖硫酸酯的降解率很低。单糖分析说明人肠道微生物能够降解和利用多糖中的所有单糖,产生有利于肠道健康的短链脂肪酸,但是只有低分子量岩藻聚糖硫酸酯能够抑制支链脂肪酸生成。  相似文献   

采动煤岩渗透率演化模型及数值模拟     

张春会  赵莺菲  王来贵  于永江 《岩土力学》2015,36(8):2409-2418

为描述采动煤岩渗透率演化过程,引入强度退化指数,基于Hoek-Brown强度准则,建立了考虑围压影响的煤岩应变软化力学本构模型。给出了体积应变和渗透率的关系方程,结合应变软化模型建立了采动煤岩渗透率演化模型,并在FLAC下予以实现。通过数值模拟研究了不同围压下圆柱岩样的峰后应变软化力学行为和某煤矿工作面开采过程中煤岩的渗透率演化过程,结果表明：（1）该模型能较好地反映围压对煤岩峰后应变软化行为的影响;（2）随着工作面推进,越来越多的煤岩单元破坏,渗透率也不断增长,逐渐成为瓦斯等流体运移的主要通道。（3）模型能再现采动煤岩渗透率演化的动态过程,从而为煤与瓦斯共采、煤层瓦斯抽放和瓦斯灾害防治提供指导。  相似文献   

Simulating stiffness degradation and damping in soils via a simple visco-elastic–plastic model     

《Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering》2014

Stiffness degradation and damping represent some of the most well-known aspects of cyclic soil behavior. While standard equivalent linear approaches reproduce these features by (separately) prescribing stiffness reduction and damping curves, in this paper a multiaxial, 3D, viscoelastic – plastic model is developed for the simultaneous simulation of both cyclic curves over a wide cyclic shear strain range.The proposed constitutive relationship is based on two parallel resisting/dissipative mechanisms, purely frictional (elastic–plastic) and viscous. The frictional mechanism is formulated as a bounding surface plasticity model with vanishing elastic domain, including pressure-sensitive failure locus and non-associative plastic flow – which are essential for effective stress analysis. At the same time, the use of the parallel viscous mechanism is shown to be especially beneficial to improve the simulation of the overall dissipative performance.In order to enable model calibration from stiffness degradation ($G/G_{\mathit{max}}$) and damping curves, the constitutive equations are purposely kept as simple as possible with a low number of material parameters. Although the model performance is here explored with reference to pure shear cyclic tests, the 3D, multiaxial formulation is appropriate for general loading conditions.  相似文献   

Inelastic seismic behavior of soil–pile raft–structure system under bi-directional ground motion     

《Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering》2014

Performance based design of structure requires a reasonably accurate prediction of displacement or ductility demand. Generally, displacement demand of structure is estimated assuming fixity at base and considering base motion in one direction. In reality, ground motions occur in two orthogonal directions simultaneously resulting in bidirectional interaction in inelastic range, and soil–structure interaction (SSI) may change structural response too. Present study is an attempt to develop insight on the influence of bi-directional interaction and soil–pile raft–structure interaction for predicting the inelastic response of soil–pile raft–structure system in a more reasonably accurate manner. A recently developed hysteresis model capable to simulate biaxial interaction between deformations in two principal directions of any structural member under two orthogonal components of ground motion has been used. This study primarily shows that a considerable change may occur in inelastic demand of structures due to the combined effect of such phenomena.  相似文献   

上边界条件对多年冻土地温场数值模拟结果的影响分析   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

曹元兵  盛煜  吴吉春  李静  宁作君  胡晓莹  冯子亮  王生廷 《冰川冻土》2014,36(4):802-810

以玛多地区多年冻土为背景,建立多年冻土地温场的数值计算模型,以不同的方式考虑近 60 a 来的气温变化构成不同的上边界条件,通过模型计算分析不同上边界条件下的不同时期温度场、未来冻土退化特征.结果表明：在上边界条件中采用气象站实测近60 a波动温度值和采用近60 a平均恒定值时,浅层冻土地温差异明显,且越浅层地温与越近时间的上边界条件相关.预测未来100 a冻土地温变化趋势发现,相同升温速率和升温初始温度条件下,上边界采用实测60 a波动温度值对冻土退化过程影响较小;升温初始温度值提高到与趋势线衔接后,冻土退化起始时间从约第45年提前到约第20年;60 a实测温度和升温初始温度值均提高到与其初始温度场上边界条件衔接后,冻土退化起始时间从约第20年提前到约第15年;冻土退化从开始到完全退化经历时间为25 a左右.  相似文献   

实验室条件下微生物降解原油的地球化学特征研究   总被引：13，自引：2，他引：11  

窦启龙  陈践发  薛燕芬  王杰  段文标  郭建军 《沉积学报》2005,23(3):542-547

通过对胜利油田四个正常原油样品微生物作用前后的族组分及饱和烃色谱质谱分析,发现实验室条件下微生物对原油有明显的降解作用。微生物作用以后的原油族组分其饱和烃相对含量降低,饱/芳比也明显降低,而芳烃、非烃和沥青质的相对含量都不同程度的升高。通过饱和烃色谱-质谱分析,发现微生物作用以后原油正构烷烃被严重降解,姥/植(Pr/Ph)比值和∑C_21-/∑C₂₂₊比值都明显降低。微生物作用原油后能产生表面活性剂,造成了培养基表面张力的降低。  相似文献   

若尔盖45年来的气候变化特征及其对当地生态环境的影响   总被引：13，自引：1，他引：12  

王燕  赵志中  乔彦松  李朝柱 《地质力学学报》2005,11(4):328-332,340

草地退化、土地沙化等问题已成为若尔盖地区突出的环境问题之一。本文分析了若尔盖地区1957年以来的气候变化特征以及对当地生态环境的影响。结果表明,若尔盖地区多年平均气温呈明显升高的变化趋势,以每10年约0．23℃的倾向率增高,各季节气温也呈上升趋势,其中秋季（9～11月）和冬季（12～莅年2月）气温上升更加明显;多年平均降水量呈略有减少之势,降水倾向率为每10年减少1．75mm。其中,春季（3～5月）和秋季降水量呈现出逐年下降的趋势,秋季降水减少的趋势更明显一些,而夏季（6～8月）和冬季降水量却表现出逐年增多的趋势。受气候变暖趋干的影响,该区冻土环境和植被发生变化,土地沙化、草地严重退化等生态环境问题对当地的社会经济与环境发展产生了重要影响。  相似文献   

Mapping vertical profile of discontinuous permafrost with ground penetrating radar at Nalaikh depression,Mongolia   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Tonghua Wu  Qinxue Wang  Masataka Watanabe  Ji Chen  Dorjgotov Battogtokh 《Environmental Geology》2009,56(8):1577-1583

Ground-penetrating radar (GPR) has become an important geophysical tool which can provide a wealth of interpretive information about the vertical profile of discontinuous permafrost. A GPR investigation was conducted in October 2006 at the Nalaikh site at the southern boundary of the Siberian discontinuous permafrost region in Mongolia. GPR data were collected along four 100-m-long profiles to identify the location of the permafrost body, which included an in situ drilling borehole and analysis of temperature observations and soil water content measurements from boreholes. The GPR interpretation results indicated that the thickness of discontinuous permafrost at the study site was only 1.9–3.0 m and the permafrost is vulnerable to climate change. The soil temperature and soil water content data demonstrate the precision of GPR image interpretation. This case demonstrated that GPR is well suited for mapping the internal structure of discontinuous permafrost with relatively low soil water content.  相似文献   

Monitoring and methods to analyse the groundwater quality degradation risk in coastal karstic aquifers (Apulia,Southern Italy)   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

M. Polemio  V. Dragone  P. P. Limoni 《Environmental Geology》2009,58(2):299-312

A multi-methodological approach based on monitoring and spatio-temporal analysis of groundwater quality changes is proposed. The presented tools are simple, quick and cost-effective to give service to all sorts of users. The chief purpose of the monitoring network is the detection of the piezometric or potenziometric level in the aquifer. The spatial and multi-temporal analysis of usual chemical and physical data provides both an assessment of the spatial vulnerability of the aquifer to seawater intrusion, defining a salinity threshold between fresh groundwater and brackish groundwater and of the water quality trend in terms of salinity. The evaluation of the salinity trend or of salinity-correlated parameters highlights the effects of groundwater mismanagement. The multiparameter logging provides a rapid groundwater quality classification for each well. The whole approach allows evaluating the effects of current management criteria and designing more appropriate management targets. The Apulian karstic coastal aquifers have been selected as a case study (Southern Italy). Three types of aquifer zones can be distinguished: (1) areas with low vulnerability to seawater intrusion, (2) areas with high vulnerability and (3) areas with variable vulnerability in which the salt degradation largely depends on the ability to manage the well discharge. The water quality degradation caused by seawater intrusion appears to be a combined effect of an anomalous succession of drought periods observed from about 1980 onwards and increased groundwater pumping, particularly during drought periods. A management criterion based on aquifer zones is proposed.  相似文献