海上溢油粒子追踪预测模型中的两种数值方法比较   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

龙绍桥  娄安刚  谭海涛  徐艳东  杨媚媚 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2006,36(Z1):157-162

在海上溢油粒子追踪预测模型中,关键的是对拉格朗日微分方程的求解。本文首先通过数值实验比较了欧拉法和龙格-库塔法求解拉格朗日溢油轨迹微分方程的优劣,然后将其应用到2005年4月3日发生在大连附近的“ARTEAGA”油轮溢油事故的油膜粒子追踪模型中。数值实验和应用结果表明,在近岸不均匀流场下,用龙格-库塔方法解拉格朗日油粒子微分方程比用欧拉法求解精度高,用龙格-库塔方法模拟“ARTEAGA”油轮轨迹及其扩散范围与实际观测更为接近,而用欧拉法模拟溢油扩散的面积偏大。  相似文献   

海上无动力船舶漂移轨迹模型及其在“桑吉”油轮漂移模拟中的应用     

孟素婧  王辉  卢伟  王兆毅  李云 《海洋与湖沼》2018,49(2):242-250

无动力或破损的船舶在海上自由漂移对海上的各项生产活动是一个巨大的危险。通过对海上漂浮的船舶进行受力分析,考虑船舶的外形特征及漂浮状态,建立了海上船舶漂移轨迹模型,对船舶海面以上与以下侧向投影面积之比(面积比)、风拖曳系数、流拖曳系数等参数均进行了敏感性分析,并针对2018年1月6日爆燃的"桑吉"油轮漂移轨迹开展了模拟应用。结果表明该模型针对不同类型海上船舶的漂移轨迹有一定合理的模拟能力,船舶面积比是准确模拟漂移轨迹的一个重要参数,同时,该模型对风拖曳系数、流拖曳系数较为敏感。针对"桑吉"油轮的模拟,科氏力的作用不可忽视,考虑科氏力作用后漂移轨迹的模拟效果得到了很好的改善。  相似文献   

面向城市道路的多传感器融合定位导航技术     

李彤  张会兵  刘丁柯  戴瑀君  吴冬强 《测绘通报》2019,(11):44-50

方便地获取高精度、高可靠的轨迹数据是交通、旅游等行业智能化发展的关键。鉴于此，本文设计一款集GPS、SINS和OBD于一体的多源车载组合导航系统来收集轨迹数据，提出数据融合的方法来弥补因传感器噪声导致的位置累积误差，并在GPS失锁时有效预测轨迹位置信息。此方法通过梯度提升与决策树相结合建立INS误差补偿模型，并引用粒子群算法优化模型的回归参数，可有效避免误差积累；再利用联邦滤波器实现GPS、SINS和OBD数据融合，提高了轨迹信息的准确性。实际道路测试证明，基于此方法的组合导航系统，在多种路况下可收集连续精准的轨迹数据。  相似文献   

基于大规模手机位置数据的城市潜在自行车出行需求评估     

周亚娟  赵志远  吴升  方志祥  陈佐旗 《地球信息科学学报》2020,22(6):1282-1293

潜在自行车出行是指可能会使用自行车作为交通工具的出行,评估潜在自行车出行需求能够帮助指导城市自行车资源配置方案的优化。大规模手机位置数据蕴含丰富的人群移动信息,而且具有大样本、低成本的特点,能够用于评估城市潜在自行车出行需求。本文结合自行车出行的时间和距离特征,提出一种基于大规模手机位置数据的潜在自行车出行需求评估方法。该方法以单次出行为分析单元,从手机用户的轨迹中提取出具有短距离出行特征和公共交通接驳出行特征的移动轨迹段,并根据该移动轨迹段评估潜在自行车出行需求。基于该方法,利用上海市大规模手机位置数据评估上海市潜在自行车出行需求并分析其时空分布特征,发现在空间上,潜在自行车短距离出行需求主要分布在城市中心和郊区的商业中心,而公共交通接驳的自行车需求主要分布在郊区。在时间上,上午,自行车出行需求从非中心城区向中心城区聚拢;晚上,上海市自行车出行骑车与停车需求从中心城区向非中心城区扩散。  相似文献   

基于出租车用户出行的功能区识别   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

刘菊  许珺  蔡玲  孟斌  裴韬 《地球信息科学学报》2018,20(11):1550-1561

出租车数据作为城市大数据重要来源,其上车行为和下车行为直接反映城市人群出行行为特征,帮助城市规划者发现城市人群出行规律和城市功能结构。但是出租车数据隐含多维度信息,一维或者二维模型不足以表达和挖掘其蕴含的多维信息,因此本文选择可以承载多维数据的张量模型对出租车OD（上车/下车）数据进行时空模式挖掘。本文将北京六环区域划分为500 m×500 m格网,采用北京市2012年11月1-16日的出租车OD数据,分别构建O点和D点张量,利用张量分解模型从日尺度、时段尺度揭示出租车用户出行时间模式,同时获取不同时段对应的出租车用户出行空间模式,并推测空间模式包含的语义属性。本文结合城市兴趣点（Point of Interest, POI）数据,提高空间模式语义属性推测的准确性,识别出租车用户出行功能区。结果表明：出租车用户出行时间符合工作日和休息日的早高峰、日间、晚高峰以及夜间模式;对应8种时间模式,出租车用户出行包含8种空间模式,每一种空间模式都是对应时间模式下的上下车热点区域,因此空间模式的变化表明城市人群在不同的时间点,到达不同的场所,进行不同的活动,间接表达空间功能的动态变化;区域的功能不是单一静态的,而是随着时间在不断地变化,是不同时段功能的组合。本文揭示出租车OD数据中隐含的出租车用户出行模式和空间功能动态变化,对利用人类行为时空模式研究区域空间功能结构具有科学参考价值。  相似文献   

A Study on the Relationship Among Visibility, Atmospheric Suspended Particulate Concentration, and Meteorological Conditions in Hong Kong          下载免费PDF全文

LEUNG Yin-kong  WU Man-chi  YEUNG King-kay 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2009,23(2):250-260

By making use of the 2005 hourly data of visibility at Chek Lap Kok and suspended particulate (PM2.5) at Tung Chung,PM2.5 concentration and visibility (excluding cases with mist,fog, rain, or relative humidity≥95%) are found to have a reciprocal relationship with correlation coefficient about 0.8. Besides, similar seasonal trends are exhibited in both the number of hours of reduced visibility (visibility below 8 km and excluding cases with mist, fog, rain, or relative humidity≥95%) and PM2.5 concentration, i.e., with higher value attained in winter and lower value in summer.Backward trajectory analysis using HYSPLIT indicates that this phenomenon is related to the source of air mass affecting Hong Kong. For continental trajectories, the average daily occurrence of reduced visibility and the daily mean PM2.5 concentration were much higher than the corresponding occurrence of reduced visibility and mean PM2.5 concentration for maritime trajectories.A case study on an event with a tropical cyclone approaching Hong Kong is included in this paper to demonstrate the significance of meteorological conditions in determining the visibility and PM2.5 concentration.  相似文献   

From small sets of GPS trajectories to detailed movement profiles: quantifying personalized trip-dependent movement diversity     

Elham Naghizade  Jeffrey Chan  Martin Tomko 《International journal of geographical information science》2020,34(10):2004-2029

ABSTRACT

The ubiquity of personal sensing devices has enabled the collection of large, diverse, and fine-grained spatio-temporal datasets. These datasets facilitate numerous applications from traffic monitoring and management to location-based services. Recently, there has been an increasing interest in profiling individuals' movements for personalized services based on fine-grained trajectory data. Most approaches identify the most representative paths of a user by analyzing coarse location information, e.g., frequently visited places. However, even for trips that share the same origin and destination, individuals exhibit a variety of behaviors (e.g., a school drop detour, a brief stop at a supermarket). The ability to characterize and compare the variability of individuals' fine-grained movement behavior can greatly support location-based services and smart spatial sampling strategies. We propose a TRip DIversity Measure --TRIM – that quantifies the regularity of users' path choice between an origin and destination. TRIM effectively captures the extent of the diversity of the paths that are taken between a given origin and destination pair, and identifies users with distinct movement patterns, while facilitating the comparison of the movement behavior variations between users. Our experiments using synthetic and real datasets and across geographies show the effectiveness of our method.  相似文献   

Vehicle trajectory modelling with consideration of distant neighbouring dependencies for destination prediction     

Chengyang Qian  Ruqiao Jiang  Yi Long  Qi Zhang  Muxian Li 《International journal of geographical information science》2019,33(10):2011-2032

Vehicle trajectory modelling is an essential foundation for urban intelligent services. In this paper, a novel method, Distant Neighbouring Dependencies (DND) model, has been proposed to transform vehicle trajectories into fixed-length vectors which are then applied to predict the final destination. This paper defines the problem of neighbouring and distant dependencies for the first time, and then puts forward a way to learn and memorize these two kinds of dependencies. Next, a destination prediction model is given based on the DND model. Finally, the proposed method is tested on real taxi trajectory datasets. Results show that our method can capture neighbouring and distant dependencies, and achieves a mean error of 1.08 km, which outperforms other existing models in destination prediction significantly.  相似文献   

Ionisation of Rydberg hydrogen atom near a metal surface by short pulse laser     

汪磊  杨海峰  柳晓军  刘红平 《海洋学报(英文版)》2010,29(11)

In the ionisation of Rydberg hydrogen atoms near a metal surface, the electron will escape from the nucleus and arrive at the detector in a time sequence. This probability flux train relies on the initial electron wave packet irradiated by the laser pulse. For simplicity, the laser pulse is usually simplified to a delta function in energy domain, resulting in a sharp initial arrival time with an exponentially decaying tail at the detector. Actually and semiclassically, the initial outgoing wave should be modeled as an ensemble of trajectories propagating away from the atomic core in all directions with a range of launch times and a range of energies. In this case, each pulse in the pulse train is averaged out rather than a sharp profile. We examine how energy and time averaging of the electron wave packet affects the resolution of escaping electron pulses and study the energy dependence of the arrival time for each pulse in the ionisation train. An optimization condition for the laser pulse shape to generate narrow ionisation electron pulse in the train is obtained. The ionisation rates with various excitation energy are calculated also, which show the excitation to higher N Rydberg states will narrow the electron pulse as well.  相似文献   

矿山灾害应急救援生命保障孔钻井工艺研究          下载免费PDF全文

周兢 《探矿工程》2022,49(1):128-134

近年来国内外开展的救援钻孔实践推动了矿山和地下工程应急救援技术的发展,探索出的“小直径生命保障孔+大直径救生孔”模式是进行矿山和地下工程灾害救援的一种有效途径。本文以矿山灾害救援地面生命保障孔钻井工艺为主线,分析了小直径生命保障孔井身结构设计和套管选用方法;分别介绍了泥浆正循环钻进工艺和空气潜孔锤正循环钻进工艺,并以山东栖霞笏山金矿生命救援孔钻进实例分析了当前生命保障孔钻井工艺难点。依据轨迹设计理论,针对笏山金矿救援3号生命保障孔出现的偏斜问题,创新提出了超短距离螺旋纠偏技术,并取得了良好的应用效果,为后续生命保障孔施工积累了宝贵经验。  相似文献