超大型会泽富锗铅锌矿复合成因   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

薛步高 《云南地质》2006,25(2):143-159

会泽富锗铅锌矿。是近年老矿山深部找矿取得重大突破的典范,而其成因则是当前研究、讨论的热点。笔者认为该矿之形成,既非“MVT型”,亦非“VMS型”,而是与深部隐伏燕山期酸性岩有关的中温岩浆热液叠加、改造、富化的复成因矿床。自加里东期起长期处于张裂环境。深部昭通．弥勒硅镁层隆起,既是幔源玄武岩（热地幔柱）上涌的前奏,又为深部矿源上升创造畅通空间。与多旋回活动的小江深断裂相沟通的NE向矩形断裂网,是导矿、输矿、储矿的有利构造。继火山热液成矿之后,伴随燕山期褶皱、断裂和深部酸性岩浆的上升,发生第二期叠加矿化．矿石中伴生与酸性岩有关的元素组合．并以与酸性岩有关的锗富集为特征。  相似文献   

Mediterranean Neogene stratigraphy: development and evolution through the centuries     

MARIA BIANCA CITA 《Sedimentology》2009,56(1):43-62

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Deep root of a continent-continent collision belt: Evidence from the Chinese Continental Scientific Drilling (CCSD) deep borehole in the Sulu ultrahigh-pressure (HP-UHP) metamorphic terrane, China   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Zhiqin Xu  Shaocheng Ji  Zeming Zhang  Qin Wang 《Tectonophysics》2009,475(2):204-219

The Chinese Continental Scientific Drilling (CCSD) deep borehole, which reached a depth of 5158 m in the Sulu ultrahigh-pressure (UHP) metamorphic terrane, provides a new window into the deep root of a continent-continent collision belt, and the tectonic processes by which supracrustal material is recycled into the mantle by subduction and then uplifted to the surface. Major research themes of the CCSD project were to: (1) determine the three-dimensional composition, structure and geophysical character of the deep root of this orogenic belt; (2) investigate the nature and timing of the UHP metamorphism; (3) investigate the processes of crust-mantle interaction involved in the formation and exhumation of the UHP rocks; (4) study the process of fluid circulation and mineralization during subduction and exhumation; (5) study the rheological properties of the various rocks during subduction and exhumation; (6) develop and refine dynamic models for deep subduction and exhumation of crustal rocks, and (7) establish a long-term, natural laboratory for the study of present-day crustal dynamics (e.g., stress, strain, fluid activity). The CCSD has developed precise oriented profiles of the main borehole in terms of lithology, geochemistry, oxygen isotopes, zircon SHRIMP U-Pb ages, ⁴⁰Ar-³⁹Ar ages, deformation, rheology, mineralization, physical properties of the rocks, petrophysical logs, seismic reflections and underground fluids. The present paper summarizes the integrated research results of this project, especially the new findings concerning the deep root of a continent-continent collision.  相似文献   

东北印度洋两类主要的深水沉积序列及其对喜马拉雅隆升的响应   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

方念乔  丁旋  张振国  刘豪  魏华玲 《地质科学》2009,44(4):1181-1198

东北印度洋存在两种典型的深水沉积序列,它们分别分布在孟加拉深海扇与东经90°海岭。深海扇以浊流沉积和半远洋沉积作用为主,沉积组份主要来自喜马拉雅山系直接剥蚀的物质材料; 海岭以远洋沉积作用为主,沉积组份主要来自海洋环境下生成的钙质浮游生物壳体。两类沉积序列在物质组成和形成机理上存在着根本差别,但在聚积过程中都受到以喜马拉雅隆升为代表的构造运动的显著影响。本文应用DSDP218、ODP717、ODP758及其它来自东北印度洋的资料和样品,通过沉积学、微古生物学与古海洋学的综合研究,实现了9 Ma以来扇区近源相、远源相和岭区沉积记录中的事件对比。我们的工作表明,在东北印度洋所记录的众多与喜马拉雅山系隆升有关的地质事件中, 35 Ma和08 Ma代表了最具规模和影响的两个演化阶段。  相似文献   

深部作用在华北中生代陆内造山过程中的主导性
——对断块构造力源机制的讨论   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

邵济安 《地质科学》2009,44(4):1094-1104

本文结合笔者对大兴安岭和燕山中生代陆内造山作用的研究,对张文佑先生提出的“断块构造”的力源机制作进一步的探讨。大兴安岭中生代不同深度的两种作用同时控制着岩浆活动和构造变形,即软流圈底辟体上涌与陆缘剪切走滑的共同作用--可称之为构造-岩浆活动的二元机制,其中前者起主导作用。燕山地区中生代的断陷和隆起,是在岩石圈断裂继承性活动的基础上,在地幔物质上升和参与的背景下发生的,其中深部作用也是主导性的。  相似文献   

General seismic wave and phase detection software driven by deep learning     

《地震研究进展（英文）》2021,1(3):100029

We developed an automatic seismic wave and phase detection software based on PhaseNet, an efficient and highly generalized deep learning neural network for P- and S-wave phase picking. The software organically combines multiple modules including application terminal interface, docker container, data visualization, SSH protocol data transmission and other auxiliary modules. Characterized by a series of technologically powerful functions, the software is highly convenient for all users. To obtain the P- and S-wave picks, one only needs to prepare three-component seismic data as input and customize some parameters in the interface. In particular, the software can automatically identify complex waveforms (i.e. continuous or truncated waves) and support multiple types of input data such as SAC, MSEED, NumPy array, etc. A test on the dataset of the Wenchuan aftershocks shows the generalization ability and detection accuracy of the software. The software is expected to increase the efficiency and subjectivity in the manual processing of large amounts of seismic data, thereby providing convenience to regional network monitoring staffs and researchers in the study of Earth's interior.  相似文献   

One hundred years of hydrographic measurements in the Baltic Sea   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Stig Fonselius  Jorge Valderrama   《Journal of Sea Research》2003,49(4):229

The first measurements of salinity of the deep water in the open Baltic Sea were made in the last decades of the 1800s. At a Scandinavian science meeting in Copenhagen in 1892, Professor Otto Pettersson from Sweden suggested that regular measurements of hydrographic parameters should be carried out at some important deep stations in the Baltic Sea. His suggestion was adopted and since that time we have rather complete hydrographical data from the Bornholm Deep, the Gotland Deep, and the Landsort Deep and from some stations in the Gulf of Bothnia. The measurements were interrupted in the Baltic Proper during the two World Wars. At the beginning only salinity, temperature and dissolved oxygen were measured and one or two expeditions were carried out annually, mostly in summer. In the 1920s also alkalinity and pH were occasionally measured and total carbonate was calculated. A few nutrient measurements were also carried out. After World War II we find results from four or more expeditions every year and intercalibration of methods was arranged. Results of temperature, salinity and dissolved oxygen measurements from the Bornholm Deep, the Gotland Deep, the Landsort Deep and salinity measurements from three stations in the Gulf of Bothnia, covering the whole 20th century are presented and discussed. The salinity distribution and the variations between oxygen and hydrogen sulphide periods in the deep water of the Gotland Deep and the Landsort Deep are demonstrated. Series of phosphate and nitrate distribution in the Gotland Deep are shown from the 1950s to the present and the effects of the stagnant conditions are briefly discussed. Two large inflows of highly saline water, the first during the First World War and the second in 1951, are demonstrated. The 20th century minimum salinity of the bottom water in the Baltic Proper in 1992 is discussed.  相似文献   

基于深度学习到时拾取自动构建长宁地震前震目录   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3       下载免费PDF全文

赵明  唐淋  陈石  苏金蓉  张淼 《地球物理学报》2021,64(1):54-66

将深度学习到时拾取、震相关联技术与传统定位方法联系起来,构建一套连续波形自动化处理与地震目录自动构建流程,对于高效充分利用地震资料,提升微震检测能力具有十分重要的意义.我们应用最新发展的迁移学习震相识别技术、震相自动关联技术,对长宁M S6.0地震震中附近21个台站震前半个月(6月1日—6月17日)的连续记录波形进行P、S震相识别、震相自动关联和初步定位,并应用传统绝对定位和相对定位技术得到了长宁地震震前微震活动的绝对和相对定位目录.其中绝对定位目录能在较小的误差范围匹配85%的人工处理目录,其发震时刻平均误差为0.36±0.07 s,震级平均误差为0.15±0.024级,水平定位平均误差为1.45±0.028 km,其识别的1.0级以下微震数目是人工的8倍以上,将长宁地震震前微震目录的检测下限提升至M L-1左右,证明了基于深度学习到时识取和REAL(Rapid Earthquake Association and Location,快速震相关联和定位技术)震相自动关联来构建微震目录具有较好的实用性.我们的自动地震目录揭示了长宁M S6.0主震所发生的区域震前异常频繁的微震活动,以及与区域内盐矿注水井的关联性,更好地描绘了这些微震活动的时空演化特征,其空间活动性分布特征与长宁M S6.0余震序列的分布一致.  相似文献   

西南三江碰撞造山带沉积岩容矿Pb-Zn-Ag-Cu贱金属复合成矿与深部过程     

毕献武  唐永永  陶琰  王长明  胥磊落  戚华文  兰青  木兰 《岩石学报》2019,35(5):1341-1371

西南三江特提斯造山带中新生代沉积盆地中(沱沱河、玉树、昌都和兰坪-思茅地区)发育包括金顶超大型铅锌矿床在内的一系列以沉积岩容矿的Pb-Zn-Ag-Cu贱金属矿床,构成长达千余千米的青藏高原东缘贱金属成矿带。作为大陆碰撞环境成矿谱系的重要矿床类型,加强这些矿床的理论研究对提高和完善大陆碰撞造山成矿理论和指导找矿勘查等具有重要意义。已有研究表明这些Pb-Zn-Ag-Cu矿床的分布受盆地形成后新生代大型逆冲推覆-走滑构造控制,其容矿岩石和成矿作用特征与SEDEX和MVT矿床存在明显的差异,矿床成矿流体表现出多来源混合的特征,成矿与深部过程密切相关。尽管取得重要进展,但由于缺乏高精度年代学数据制约,成矿动力学背景及其与碰撞造山的时空联系存在较大争议。一些矿床的研究显示复合成矿迹象,但是复合成矿过程与深部驱动等问题仍不清楚。近年来我们以兰坪和昌都盆地的Pb-Zn-Ag多金属矿床和Cu多金属矿床为重点研究对象,系统开展了成矿年代学、成矿流体源-运-储系统和复合成矿机制以及深部过程对成矿制约等方面研究。结果表明,兰坪盆地西缘Cu(Mo)多金属矿床主要形成于48～58Ma,兰坪和昌都盆地Pb-Zn-Ag多金属矿床主要形成于27～33Ma。成矿流体表现出明显的多来源混合的特征,主要存在三种类型:1)变质流体与盆地卤水或大气降水复合成矿,以金满-连城Cu矿床为代表; 2)盆地卤水与大气降水复合成矿,以金顶Pb-Zn矿床为代表; 3)盆地卤水和岩浆流体复合成矿,以拉诺玛Pb-Zn-Sb矿床为代表。兰坪盆地西缘Cu矿床主要形成于新生代印度-欧亚大陆主碰撞挤压阶段,与成矿密切相关的变质流体可能来源于陆-陆碰撞俯冲引起的高压变质。Pb-Zn矿床主要形成于印度-欧亚大陆晚碰撞构造转换环境,构造挤压和造山隆起驱动盆地流体迁移,同期的岩浆活动主要为成矿提供热驱动力或成矿物质。  相似文献   

Key Groundwater Control Factors of Deep Buried Coalfield by Landform and Sedimentation in the Northern Ordos Basin     

Jian Yang  Ji Liu  Hao Huang  Xiangyang Liang 《地球科学进展》2019,34(5):523-530

There were three landforms (i.e. desert, bedrock platform and loess gully) in deep-buried coalfield of northern Ordos Basin. Water inflow of working face in desert area was 1~2 orders of magnitude larger than that in other landform areas. In order to find out the key controlling factors of the directly water filled aquifers on the roof of the coal seam, we carried out research from the aspects of topography, landform and geological sedimentation. The results showed that desert landform provides abundant recharge water for underlying aquifers because of gentle topography, large precipitation infiltration coefficient, thick and water-rich quaternary system. While bedrock platform and loess gully landform were the water sources with weak recharge capacity of underlying aquifers. The sandstone-mudstone interbedding structure formed by continental deposits resulted in the absence of regional stable aquifers in Jurassic and Cretaceous strata on the roof of coal seams. Pumping tests of boreholes showed that all strata belong to weak to medium water-rich aquifers. The groundwater level of Cretaceous aquifer decreased by 20~130 m in three mines. There was a close hydraulic relationship between shallow and deep aquifers. The Mesozoic strata belonged to fluvial deposits. Qilizhen sandstone and Zhenwudong sandstone aquifers were mainly developed on the roof of the coal seam, which were characterized by thick medium-coarse sandstone sections. The geological and sedimentary conditions of direct water-filled aquifer were similar, but the amount of borehole water, cumulative pre-drainage water and water inflow from goaf in desert geomorphic area were much larger than those in bedrock platform and loess gully geomorphic area. The water-rich of the aquifer was mainly controlled by geomorphology, and the water sources of the deep aquifers were meteoric precipitation and Quaternary aquifer. In different mines with similar Quaternary conditions in Mu Us Desert, there were also great differences in the amount of borehole water, cumulative pre-drainage water and water inflow from goafs. The difference was related to the thickness and lithology of the aquifers. It reflected that the geological sedimentary conditions of the coal seam roof were also important factors to control the water-rich of the aquifers. Topography, landform and geological sedimentation were the key factors to control the water-rich of the aquifer directly and the water inflow from the working face.  相似文献