Characteristics and Genetic Mechanisms of Overpressure in the Depressions of Bohai Bay Basin, China     

LIU Hu  JING Chen  JIANG Youlu  SONG Guoqi  YU Qianqian  FENG Yuelin 《《地质学报》英文版》2016,90(6):2216-2228

The distribution and genetic mechanisms of abnormal pressures in the Bohai Bay Basin were systematically analyzed. Abnormal pressures are widely developed in the Bohai Bay Basin, primarily in the Paleogene E2s4, E2s3, Es1, and Ed formations. From the onshore area of the Bohai Bay Basin to the center of the Bozhong area, the top depth of the overpressured zone in each depression increases gradually, the overpressured strata in each depression gradually move to younger formations, and the pressure structure successively alters from single-bottom- overpressure to double-bottom-overpressure and finally to double-top-overpressure. The distribution of overpressured area is consistent with the sedimentary migration controlled by the tectonic evolution of the Bohai Bay Basin, which is closely related to the hydrocarbon-generation capability of active source rocks. The overpressured strata are consistent with the source-rock intervals in each depression; the top of the overpressured zone is synchronous with the hydrocarbon generation threshold in each depression; the hydrocarbon generation capability is positively correlated with the overpressure magnitude in each formation. Undercompaction was the main mechanism of overpressure for depressions with fluid pressure coefficients less than 1.2, whereas hydrocarbon generation was the main mechanism for depressions with fluid pressure coefficients greater than 1.5.  相似文献   

总梯度模方法在低纬度地区航磁资料解释中的应用          下载免费PDF全文

梁建  线纪安  郭玉峰 《地质找矿论丛》2016,31(4):570-575

对于低纬度地区的航空磁测的ΔT资料,如果化极处理时对磁化方向判断存在误差,用目前的化极方法进行资料处理,要比在高纬度地区化极发生更大的畸变,不适于对资料进行解释。通过一些模型计算及一些实际资料对比,在低纬度地区用航磁总场梯度模划分磁性体地面投影边界是简单实用的一种方法。  相似文献   

地震荷载作用下岩石边坡的抗倾覆稳定性分析及可靠度研究     

王飞  梁旭黎  杜建坡 《工程地质学报》2016,24(6):1126-1135

在地震多发地区,地震荷载对岩石边坡的稳定性影响显著。因此,在边坡抗震设计中,准确有效地评估其稳定性显得非常重要。安全系数法未考虑地震荷载等影响因素的不确定性,因此具有一定的局限性。本文在考虑到破坏面出流缝未堵塞和被堵塞两种情况下,利用拟动力方法计算了岩石边坡抗倾覆稳定性安全系数。在此基础上,考虑到地震荷载、坡顶超载及张裂缝内水位深度的变异性,对岩石边坡的抗倾覆稳定性进行了可靠度分析。研究发现,当破坏面出流缝被堵塞时,岩石边坡的抗倾覆稳定性急剧降低。此外,地震荷载等因素的变异性对岩石边坡的抗倾覆稳定性有着显著的影响。因此,同时利用安全系数及可靠度指标来评估岩石边坡的稳定性,且适当地考虑岩体放大系数,有利于岩石边坡抗震设计的安全性。  相似文献   

Application of ICTs in Airspace Management and Collaborative Decision-Making—Analyzing the Risk Avoidance in the Condition of Risky Weather as an Example     

Du Xinru  Lu Zi 《地球科学进展》2016,31(3):269-276

The application of ICTs makes structural change of the development and effective utilization of airspace. Next generation air transportation system (NextGen) includes new automation concepts with automated information to support the traffic control decision-making. As a result, in the field of academia and industry, air traffic controllers integrate information automatically while making decisions to change the previous manually integrated and decided pattern. The safety ability of airspace is reduced and airspace system is endangered under risky weather conditions of airspace. So there is an urgent demand for new information and communication technologies. The paper is an overview of the information constitution and support of NextGen and provides the study of the development of technique of airspace collaborative decision-makings to confirm the new features based on ICTs. It contains basic application-the input of data and output of the routes of airspace management and collaborative decision-making, and general application-the choose of probability nets of avoiding risky weather, and special application-the affection in the management of the air routes, which are made up of position and direction. The research shows the accurate schedule characteristics of airspace management and collaborative decision-making based on ICTs, which made the space accurate by time accurate. Second, the visualization of airspace management and collaborative decision-making based on ICTs made the maps of flight path under mobile data quickly generated. This could make the fully development and utilization of national airspace, ensure safety, and reduce air traffic controllers’ workload and the costs in delaying and operating in risky weather.  相似文献   

甘肃宝积山盆地中侏罗世石拐茨康叶表皮构造及古环境意义     

刘军  马利涛  彭琳  陈应权  张立  范俊杰  闫德飞 《世界地质》2016,35(4):909-919

甘肃宝积山盆地中侏罗统窑街组发现茨康类植物化石,通过对其外部形态和表皮构造研究,认定为石拐茨康叶(Czekanowskia(Vachrameevia)shiguaiensis)。对比当前化石及其现存最近对应种(the nearest living equivalent species)—Ginkgo biloba L.的气孔比率,得到宝积山盆地在中侏罗世的古大气CO_2体积分数为1.55×10~(-3),数值接近GEOCARBⅢ碳平衡模型的拟合曲线,表明茨康叶属植物也是恢复古大气CO_2体积分数的良好材料。同时,通过角质层特征进行古环境重建,结果表明宝积山盆地在中侏罗世时期气候较为温和湿润。  相似文献   

柬埔寨茅草田地区地球化学异常及找矿意义     

王斌  杜明龙  李厂  邢仕  王晓东  牛志国  包振  赵青松 《世界地质》2016,35(3):752-759

对柬埔寨王国茅草田地区进行1∶5万土壤地球化学测量,以及对该区内的元素分布特征、单元素异常特征、元素相关性分析和相关元素组合异常研究,确定了找矿靶区;通过地表工程揭露,发现金矿体,验证了异常为矿致异常。  相似文献   

华北中南部地区石盒子群沉积环境研究新进展     

李增学  李晓静  王东东  刘莹  陈晓燕  吕大炜  张增奇  梁吉坡  刘海燕  王平丽 《地球学报》2016,37(5):615-625

华北地区石盒子群的沉积环境长期以来一致存在较大的争议,大多数研究者认为该时期完全为陆相沉积,也有一些学者在该地层中发现了海相沉积物。本文着重对鲁西、河南等地区石盒子群的奎山砂岩进行岩石学、沉积学、地球化学等指标研究,在该砂岩中发现了冲洗交错层理,并在该砂岩中上部发现了海绿石的存在。通过详细分析奎山砂岩中海绿石的显微特征、元素地球化学特征,并进行比较研究发现,华北地区奎山砂岩中海绿石的化学成分、含量与国内外古代的海相、过渡相海绿石基本一致,推断其为滨浅海富氧环境的产物。华北地区奎山砂岩中发育的沉积构造和所含海绿石的元素地球化学特征,揭示了该时期曾发生过海侵,反映了石盒子群沉积期沉积环境的复杂性。华北地区石盒子群奎山砂岩中上部海相沉积环境的确定,可能改变华北盆地二叠纪以来单纯为陆相沉积的认识,这为精细研究华北地区中晚二叠世的盆地格局、充填演化及恢复古地理景观,提供了新的思路和重要依据。  相似文献   

冀中平原深部地下热水资源可更新特征与依据——以辛集馆陶组地下热水系统为例     

张光辉  李卓  严明疆  王茜  王威 《地球学报》2016,37(5):637-644

针对冀中平原深部地下热水资源可更新性问题,以辛集馆陶组地下热水系统为例,采用相同开采强度下地下热水位降幅异常变化的识别方法,通过2000年以来该地下热水位年际及月际降幅与开采量和上游山区年降水量之间响应变化特征研究,结果表明:(1)冀中平原辛集地区馆陶组地下热水资源具有一定的可更新能力,与上游山区年降水量变化相关,还与地下水位埋深、当年开采引起的水位降幅大小和开采疏干层位砾粗砂岩及细砂岩占比状况有关;(2)辛集地区馆陶组地下热水大规模开采,是该地下水系统获得上游区侧向流入补给的必要条件,属于开采激发型补给,更新补给的资源数量有限;(3)从2000年以来该区地下热水水位动态变化趋势来看,目前该区地下热水资源已处于超采状态,需要压采或人工回灌增大补给,否则难以可持续开发利用。  相似文献   

新疆西准噶尔玛依勒山地区阔依塔斯杂岩体地球化学特征及锆石U-Pb年龄   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0       下载免费PDF全文

靳松  荣桂林  张兆祎  李天刚  彭朝晖  吴立昂 《中国地质》2016,(1):99-110

新疆西准噶尔北部广泛发育中酸性侵入岩,其形成时代为晚石炭世—早二叠世,岩石类型为辉石闪长岩、石英闪长岩和花岗闪长岩。阔依塔斯杂岩体的形成年龄为(297±2)Ma,Si O2为52.40%~67.53%;高Al2O3,14.92%~17.85%;里特曼指数(δ)小于3.3,介于1.47~1.98;富钠贫钾,K2O/Na2O为0.15~0.49;铁高而镁低,Fe OT/Mg O为1.01~1.69。其稀土配分模式右倾,轻重稀土分馏明显,具有微弱铕正异常。地球化学和年代学特征表明:岩体形成于后碰撞演化的晚期阶段,这一时间早于东准噶尔后碰撞的时间(二叠纪末)。该杂岩体主体可能为幔源岩浆底侵镁铁质下地壳,导致发生部分熔融的产物。  相似文献   

张家口高家庄多金属矿床成矿时代厘定及其地质意义          下载免费PDF全文

李随民  韩玉丑  魏明辉  邢欢  李森文  李玉红 《中国地质》2016,(4):1385-1392

太行山北东向构造-岩浆岩带中发育有多个燕山期酸性岩体,目前已发现的多金属及贵金属矿床与燕山期岩体有着密切的成因联系。本文对分布于大河南岩体北西侧的高家庄多金属矿床采用硫化物Rb-Sr法进行了同位素定年,(144.5±1.4)Ma等时线测年结果与采用锆石U-Pb法确定的大河南岩体形成时代接近;此外,矿床硫化物的初始锶同位素比值为0.7122~0.7123,显示成矿物质来源以壳源为主。这与大河南岩体主要为陆壳物质部分熔融形成的认识相一致,即高家庄多金属矿床在成矿物质来源上与大河南岩体的形成与演化之间具有密切的成因联系。大河南岩体的形成时限与区内多金属矿床形成时限与中国东部第二次大规模成矿期一致,此时区内地球动力学环境正处于主应力场由近南北向转换到近东西向的构造体制大转折时期。在此独特的成矿背景下,深熔作用形成的花岗质岩浆沿NNE向与原EW向断裂交汇处侵位。花岗质岩浆高侵位但未发生喷发作用,使挥发组分和成矿元素得以保存,从而为大规模成矿作用提供了必须的热、流体、挥发组分和成矿元素。  相似文献