爆炸作用下岩石破裂块度分布特点及其物理机理     

戚承志  王明洋  钱七虎  罗健 《岩土力学》2009,30(Z1):1-4

就岩石在爆炸载作用下破坏块度分布的物理机理进行了分析。从分析可以看出,岩石破坏块度的对数正态分布与材料的多重破坏有关。在封闭爆炸情况下这种分布描述爆心附近岩石破坏块度的分布,此处材料处于静水压力状态,应变率很高,材料的破坏为多重破坏。而Rosin-Rammler分布主要描述离爆心较远处岩石破坏的块度分布,此处岩石的破坏主要是由环向拉力引起的径向裂纹所致,以单重破坏为主。  相似文献   

Quantitative analysis of InSAR digital elevation models for identification of areas with different tectonic activities in southern Italy     

Claudio Martino  Giovanni Nico  Marcello Schiattarella 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2009,34(1):3-15

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Testing Logselfsimilarity of Soil Particle Size Distribution: Simulation with Minimum Inputs     

Carlos García-Gutiérrez  Miguel Ángel Martín 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》2008,165(6):1117-1129

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澜沧江中上游鱼类生物多样性现状初报   总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10  

何舜平  陈银瑞 《云南地理环境研究》1999,11(1):26-29

对澜沧江上游及支流的鱼类和环境调查显示流域片段化对鱼类生物多样性产生了较大的影响。从漾濞江和西洱河的比较可以看出,前者因为没有梯级电站,鱼类的种类和数量并无太大的变化,而西洱河由于过度的梯级开发和污染,鱼类濒于灭绝,洱海由于江湖的隔绝,外来种的引入使得土著鱼类种群数量急剧减少。干流上大坝（漫湾水电站）的修建使得流水变为静水环境而产生一系列的变化使鱼类的种类和种群数量产生变化。  相似文献   

Fragmentation as a Strategy for Caulerpa Species: Fates of Fragments and Implications for Management of an Invasive Weed   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

Celia M. Smith  & Linda J. Walters 《Marine Ecology》1999,20(3-4):307-319

Abstract. The successful growth of fragments to full size macroalgal clones is well known for many taxa in mariculture. From an ecological context, however, few studies relate success by invasive species to the ability to fragment readily, disperse widely or re-attach rapidly - obvious hallmarks of weedy species. This study compares morphologically and ecologically distinct species of the green alga Caulerpa : in the Mediterranean, Caulerpa taxifolia is well known as an invasive weed; Caulerpa prolifera grows around or inside seagrass beds and is not apparently invasive; Caulerpa verticillata is among the most diminutive species, with potentially the most restricted reef distribution. We tested three hypotheses: (i) fragment success is independent of size, (ii) fragment success is independent of position within the plant and (iii) fragments from all species will be equally successful in establishing rhizoids, the first step to re-attachment. The success of small fragments (5–40 mm lengths) cut from distinct locations within replicate plants was scored for survival and establishment of rhizoids in bioassays. Additionally, for C. taxifolia , estimates were made of the force needed to puncture upright and prostrate axes, thereby estimating forces required to generate fragments from these two sources. Among the three species, only upright axes of C. taxifolia readily recovered from fragmentation stress for fragment sizes > 10 mm. The forces required to fragment upright axes were substantially less than for comparable rhizome portions. Fragments of C. prolifera were viable only for rhizome portions; fragments of C. verticillata were not viable at any size examined in this study. Estimates of viable fragment size, origin and force required to fragment axes for C. taxifolia support existing field data suggesting that fragmentation is the effective propagation mechanism underlying the spread of this invasive weed.  相似文献   

现代破岩方法综述   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3       下载免费PDF全文

吴立  张时忠  林峰 《探矿工程》2000,(2):49-51

随着现代科学技术的发展 ,岩石破碎的方法和技术出现了一些新的发展趋势。一般地 ,破岩方法可分为机械能破岩和热能破岩 2种。介绍了几种现代破岩方法等离子体破岩、电子束破岩、激光破岩、微波破岩、热力综合破岩、射弹冲击破岩 ,以及它们的特点。  相似文献   

近30年来莱州湾滨海湿地景观格局变化特征研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

黄建涛  郑伟  万年新  路景钫  李捷 《海洋科学》2021,45(2):76-90

基于莱州湾滨海湿地特征以及野外实地观测数据,利用landsat遥感影像手段,揭示1990-2018年莱州湾滨海湿地景观格局变化特征,并结合景观指数分析莱州湾滨海湿地异质性。结果表明,1990-2018年间,莱州湾滨海湿地呈现人工滨海湿地面积增加而天然滨海湿地面积减少的趋势。截至2018年莱州湾滨海湿地面积总计1954 km²,其中天然滨海湿地面积约811 km²,人工滨海湿地面积约1143 km²,分别占42%和58%,滨海湿地向建设用地转化的趋势明显。斑块数量(NP)、景观形状指数(LSI)等景观指数值逐年增加,表明莱州湾景观格局变化明显且破碎化程度加重。莱州湾滨海湿地不同岸段之间景观格局变化的驱动机制不完全一样,造成其破碎化程度加重的自然驱动力有河口冲淤、降水量变化等;人工驱动力主要为城市建设、港口码头、集约用海区建设、养殖业和制盐业的开发利用等。以期对莱州湾滨海湿地生态系统退化原因、合理利用和优化土地空间布局、采取有效措施保护及恢复滨海湿地提供一定的技术支持。  相似文献   

Land fragmentation due to rapid urbanization in the Phoenix Metropolitan Area: Analyzing the spatiotemporal patterns and drivers   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

Milan K. Shrestha  Abigail M. YorkChristopher G. Boone  Sainan Zhang 《Applied geography (Sevenoaks, England)》2012,32(2):522-531

Rapid urbanization of the Phoenix Metropolitan Area exemplifies the dominant US Southwest urban growth pattern of the past six decades. Using a combination of multitemporal land cover data, gradient analysis, and landscape metrics, we quantify and characterize spatiotemporal patterns of land fragmentation observed in Phoenix. We analyze historical, qualitative data to identify five major socio-ecological drivers critical to understanding the urbanization processes and fragmentation patterns: population dynamics, water provisioning, technology and transportation, institutional factors, and topography. A second objective is to assess the applicability and accuracy of National Land cover Database (NLCD)-—a widely used land cover dataset—-to detect and measure urban growth and land fragmentation patterns in the relatively treeless desert biome of the US Southwest. In contrast to studies in the temperate eastern USA where NLCD has proved inaccurate for detection of exurban development, our study demonstrates that NLCD is a reliable data source for measuring land use in the southwest, even in low-density environments. By combining qualitative analyses of social-ecological drivers with fragmentation analyses, we move toward an improved understanding of urbanization and insights on the human modification framework used widely in land change science.  相似文献   

火星表面陨石坑的碎形特征     

栾锡武  黄海 《地球物理学进展》2004,19(1):137-142

对2004年1月5日美国宇航局发布的火星轨道探测器拍摄的勇气号着陆点照片进行了研究,认为照片上的地形为陨石撞击火星表面留下的痕迹．详细计量了照片上陨石坑的数目和尺度．对陨石坑尺寸和数目之间的关系进行了研究．认为,火星陨石坑的分布具有碎形特征,并符合分形分布,分维数为1．7．和地球上其它岩石破碎相比,分维数较低．我们推测,撞击火星的陨石可能来源于同一块岩石的破碎。并且该岩石的破碎程度较低．其破碎过程应该和断层、断裂、节理以及风化等地质过程引起的破碎不同．  相似文献   

基于嵌入式实时系统的三维地形仿真研究     

杜莹  武玉国  莫凡 《测绘工程》2011,20(6):68-72

针对嵌入式实时操作系统的特点,研究如何在嵌入式实时系统中实现逼真高效的三维地形仿真.针对嵌入式系统实时性强、内存和显存容量有限、缺乏友好的人机交互接口等特点,着重解决如何通过视景体裁剪减少地形块、使用缓冲池和缓存避免内存碎片、以及如何设计一套灵活友好的人机交互控件库和交互接口等问题.论文最后以VxWorks操作系统为平...  相似文献