Validation of Ground-Based Visible Measurements of Total Ozone by Comparison with Dobson and Brewer Spectrophotometers     

M. Van Roozendael  P. Peeters  H. K. Roscoe  H. De Backer  A. E. Jones  L. Bartlett  G. Vaughan  F. Goutail  J.-P. Pommereau  E. Kyro  C. Wahlstrom  G. Braathen  P. C. Simon 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》1998,29(1):55-83

Comparisons of total column ozone measurements from Dobson, Brewer and SAOZ instruments are presented for the period 1990 to 1995 at seven stations covering the mid- and the high northern latitudes, as well as the Antarctic region. The main purpose of these comparisons is to assess, by reference to the well established Dobson network, the accuracy of the zenith-sky visible spectroscopy for the measurement of total ozone. The strengths and present limitations of this latter technique are investigated. As a general result, the different instruments are found to agree within a few percent at all stations, the best agreement being obtained at mid-latitudes. On average, for the mid-latitudes, SAOZ O₃ measurements are approximately 2% higher than Dobson ones, with a scatter of about 5%. At higher latitudes, both scatter and systematic deviation tend to increase. In all cases, the relative differences between SAOZ and Dobson or Brewer column ozone are characterised by a significant seasonal signal, the amplitude of which increases from about 2.5% at mid-latitude to a maximum of 7.5% at Faraday, Antarctica. Although it introduces a significant contribution to the seasonality at high latitude, the temperature sensitivity of the O₃ absorption coefficients of the Dobson and Brewer instruments is shown to be too small to account for the observed SAOZ/Dobson differences. Except for Faraday, these differences can however be largely reduced if SAOZ AMFs are calculated with realistic climatological profiles of ozone, pressure and temperature. Other sources of uncertainties that might affect the comparison are investigated. Evidence is found that the differences in the air masses sampled by the SAOZ and the other instruments contribute significantly to the scatter, and the impact of the tropospheric clouds on SAOZ measurements is displayed.  相似文献   

一种检验GPS整周模糊度解算有效性的方法     

陈永奇 《武汉大学学报(信息科学版)》1997,(4)

检验解算的整周模糊度是ＧＰＳ精密快速定位的一个重要课题。过去已提出了不少方法，然而这些方法都存在一定的缺陷。本文提出一种新的方法，它是基于模型可区分度的概念。该方法利用可接受的第一、二类错误概率，计算边界值，并与固定解中最小残差二次型和次最小残差二次型比较，以确认相应于最小残差二次型的整周模糊度的有效性。  相似文献   

黄河下游非恒定输沙数学模型——Ⅱ模型验证   总被引：9，自引：1，他引：9       下载免费PDF全文

张红武  黄远东  赵连军  江恩惠 《水科学进展》2002,13(3):271-277

利用所构建的非恒定输沙数学模型,对黄河下游铁谢至孙口河段内的1977年高含沙洪水、1982年大水少沙型洪水以及1996年典型洪水进行了数值模拟.模拟结果证明了数学模型的可靠性,表明该模型不仅能模拟黄河下游河道一般洪水和高含沙洪水的水沙传播、水位变化及河床变形等,而且对模拟现行严重萎缩河道内的洪水演进及河床冲淤特性也有较好的适应性.  相似文献   

RFE2.0遥感降水数据在新疆的适用性评价          下载免费PDF全文

刘海军  陈亚宁  徐长春 《干旱区地理》2018,41(4):809-816

结合新疆的65个气象观测站日降水数据,采用连续验证统计方法、分类验证统计方法对RFE2.0遥感降水数据在新疆的适用性进行了评估。结果表明：（1）通过连续验证统计分析,新疆地区平均偏差MBE （Mean Bias Error）总体对日降水量高估,均值为0.4 mm,在0.5 mm内的站点超过70%。RFE2.0遥感降水数据与地面观测站的日降水量之间相关系数R的平均值为0.4,表现为较低的相关性。从偏离真实值情况来说,东疆模拟值和观测值最接近。（2）分类验证统计方法对降水事件FBI （Frequency Bias Index）有所高估。按片区来说,降水事件高估的小值区主要在北疆,高估程度低于全疆平均水平。北疆的正确率POD （Probability of Detection）大于南疆、东疆,同时北疆发生空报率FAR （False Alarm Rate）的可能性也小于南疆、东疆。（3）通过实例验证了RFE2.0在北疆、南疆、东疆的可靠性。以上规律可为RFE2.0在新疆的应用提供科学依据。  相似文献   

数值预报发展的新方向——集合数值预报   总被引：5，自引：1，他引：5  

王太微  陈德辉 《气象研究与应用》2007,28(1):6-12

数值预报走过了百年的历史(V.Bjerknes,1904)[1],取得了了不起的成就,预报准确率有了很大的提高。但是,考虑到大气的非线性作用以及初值和模式造成的数值预报不确定性,要提高传统的单一确定性预报的技巧越来越难。基于大气初值的敏感性试验,Lorenz提出了数值预报发展的新方向——集合数值预报。通过介绍集合数值预报的基本思想和方法;并针对初值和模式的不确定性,概述现有集合数值预报成员的产生方法及国内外的研究进展;同时解释怎样检验集合预报的结果的论述,如何从众多的集合预报产品中提炼有用的信息及预报产品的释用。  相似文献   

数值预报发展的新方向——集合数值预报   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

王太微  陈德辉 《广西气象》2007,28(1):6-12,24

数值预报走过了百年的历史（V．Bjerknes，1904），取得了了不起的成就，预报准确率有了很大的提高。但是，考虑到大气的非线性作用以及初值和模式造成的数值预报不确定性，要提高传统的单一确定性预报的技巧越来越难。基于大气初值的敏感性试验，Lorenz提出了数值预报发展的新方向——集合数值预报。 通过介绍集合数值预报的基本思想和方法；并针对初值和模式的不确定性，概述现有集合数值预报成员的产生方法及国内外的研究进展；同时解释怎样检验集合预报的结果的论述，如何从众多的集合预报产品中提炼有用的信息及预报产品的释用。  相似文献   

Validating the Runoff from the PRECIS Model Using a Large-Scale Routing Model   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

曹丽娟  董文杰  许吟隆  张勇 《大气科学进展》2007,24(5):855-862

The streamflow over the Yellow River basin is simulated using the PRECIS （Providing REgional Climates for Impacts Studies） regional climate model driven by 15-year （1979-1993） ECMWF reanalysis data as the initial and lateral boundary conditions and an off-line large-scale routing model （LRM）. The LRM uses physical catchment and river channel information and allows streamflow to be predicted for large continental rivers with a 1°×1° spatial resolution. The results show that the PRECIS model can reproduce the general southeast to northwest gradient distribution of the precipitation over the Yellow River basin, The PRECIS- LRM model combination has the capability to simulate the seasonal and annual streamflow over the Yellow River basin. The simulated streamflow is generally coincident with the naturalized streamflow both in timing and in magnitude.  相似文献   

Validation of the Polar MM5 for Use in the Simulation of the Arctic River Basins     

马艳  陈尚 《大气科学进展》2007,24(5):863-874

The simulations were performed using a modified mesoscale model,the Polar MM5,which was adapted for use within polar regions.The objective of the study was to illustrate the skill of the Polar MM5 in simulating atmospheric behavior over the Arctic river basins.Automatic weather station data,global atmospheric analyses,as well as near-surface and upper-air observations were used to verify the simulation. Parallel simulations of the Polar MM5 and the original MM5 within the period 19-29 April 1997 simula- tions revealed that Polar MM5 reproduced better near-surface variables forecasts than the original MM5 for the region located over the North American Arctic regions.The well predicted near-surface temperature and mixing ratio by the Polar MM5 confirmed the modified physical parameterization schemes that were used in this model are appropriate for the Arctic river regions.Then the extended evaluations of the Polar MM5 simulations over both the North American and Eurasian domains during 15 December 2002 to 15 May 2003 were then carried out.The time series plots and statistical analyses from the observations and the Polar MM5 simulations at 16 stations for the near-surface and vertical profiles at 850 hPa and 500 hPa variables were analyzed.The model was found to reproduce the observed atmospheric state both at magnitude and variability with a high degree of accuracy,especially for temperature and near-surface winds,although there was a slight cold bias that existed near the surface.  相似文献   

RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN MULTIVARIATE CALIBRATION   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

B.R.KOWALSKI M.B.SEASHOLTZ Laboratory for Chemometrics  BG-  University of Washington  Seattle  WA  U.S.A. 《地理学报(英文版)》1991,(3)

With the goal of understanding global chemical processes,environmental chemists have some of the mostcomplex sample analysis problems.Multivariate calibration is a tool that can be applied successfully inmany situations where traditional univariate analyses cannot.The purpose of this paper is to reviewmultivariate calibration,with an emphasis being placed on the developments in recent years.The inverseand classical models are discussed briefly,with the main emphasis on the biased calibration methods.Principal component regression(PCR)and partial least squares(PLS)are discussed,along with methodsfor quantitative and qualitative validation of the calibration models.Non-linear PCR,non-linear PLSand locally weighted regression are presented as calibration methods for non-linear data.Finally,calibration techniques using a matrix of data per sample(second-order calibration)are discussed briefly.  相似文献   

Validation of AIRS-Retrieved atmospheric temperature data over the Taklimakan Desert     

YuFen Ma  RuQi Li  Men Zhang  MinZhong Wang  Mamtimin Ali 《寒旱区科学》2020,12(4):242-251

The Taklimakan Desert, the world's second largest desert, plays an important role in regional climate change. Previous studies on its spatial temperature features suffered from sparse conventional detection data, but the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder(AIRS) provides excellent temperature retrievals with high spatiotemporal resolution. Validation of AIRS temperature retrievals over desert regions with high land-surface emissivity, the key contributor to inversion error, is essential before using these data in regional weather/climate modeling. This paper examines the correlation coefficients, root mean square error(RMSE) and mean BIAS between AIRS-retrieved atmospheric temperature data and radiosonde observations(RAOBs) in the Taklimakan Desert hinterland and oases in the morning and at dusk. Firstly, the AIRS retrievals are consistent with RAOBs and are more consistent in the morning than at dusk. The consistency is better over a small-scale desert oasis than over a large-scale oasis in the morning and exhibits the opposite trend at dusk. The correlation coefficient over the hinterland is high in the morning but negative at dusk due to high desert-surface emissivity. Second, the RMSEs, which are all smaller than 3 K, are generally higher over desert sites than over oasis sites and slightly lower over a small-scale oasis than over a large-scale oasis in the morning. At dusk, the RMSEs are higher over desert sites than over oases and slightly higher over a small-scale oasis than over a large-scale oasis. Furthermore, the RMSEs are generally higher in the morning than at dusk over a large-scale oasis and lower in the morning than at dusk over a small-scale oasis. Third, the absolute mean BIAS values are mostly lower than 1 K. In the morning, relative to RAOB temperatures, the retrieval temperatures are higher over desert sites but lower over oasis sites. At dusk, the retrieval temperatures are lower than RAOB temperatures over both desert and oasis sites. The retrieval temperatures are higher than RAOB temperatures over desert sites in the morning but slightly lower at dusk. Most absolute mean BIAS values are higher in the morning than at dusk over both oasis and desert sites. Finally, the consistency between the AIRS and RAOB temperature data is high from 700 hPa to 100 hPa in the morning and from 700 hPa to 300 hPa at dusk. The difference between the AIRS and RAOB temperature data is generally higher in the morning than that at dusk. The RMSE differences between the AIRS and RAOB data are slightly lower in the morning than at dusk and are lower in the middle layers between 700 hPa and 150 hPa than in the layers above 150 hPa during both the morning and night. The BIAS is lower in the morning than at dusk below 300 hPa but higher in the upper layers. Moreover, the BIAS value is positive in the middle layers between 500 hPa and 150 hPa and negative at other levels at both times. Generally, the AIRS retrieval temperatures are reliable and can be used in further studies in the Taklimakan Desert.  相似文献