On the source and genesis of the mud in the central area of the South Yellow Sea     

Zhao Yiyang  Qin Zhaoyang  Li Fengye  Chen Yuwei 《中国海洋湖沼学报》1990,8(1):66-73

Investigations and studies for years all demonstrated that there is a patch of fine-grained mud in the central area of the South Yellow Sea. However, scientists have different opinions on its material source, genesis, and sedimentation intensity. Some believe that the materials come from the Huanghe River, some think that the mud area represents the depocentre of the South Yellow Sea, and some consider it as “relict mud”. The authors' geochemical study reveals that the mud is multi-sourced, yet the material supply is not ample, and that a little amount of fine-grained suspended materials deposited slowly under the dynamic action of a cyclonic gyre formed the modern muddy sediment, which is named “multi-source modern mud”. Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China, contribution No. 1646 from the Institute of Oceanology, Academia Sinica.  相似文献   

Pb isotopic dating of some Precambrian rocks from North China—An ensuing discussion on Precambrian Geochronological Scale of China     

Fudao Zhong  Yuwei Chen  Juying Liu  Cunxiao Mao  Wenxing Hong 《中国地球化学学报》1984,3(1):24-36

Pb isotopic ages of some Precambrian rocks from North China were determined. New data from the Chuanlinggou Formation of the Great Wall Group in the Yanshan region, together with published data, show that their whole-rock Pb-Pb isochron age is 1,922±92 (δ) m.y. Thus, 2,000±100 m.y. as the lowest age of the Sinian Geochronological Scale of China is important. In view of the fact that the whole-rock Pb-Pb isochron age from the Liaohe Group in Liaoning Province is estimated to be 1,977±49 (δ) m.y., which is in agreement with the possible maximum deposition age calculated from Rb?Sr data, we prefer to consider the Liaohe Group to be Sinian rather than pre-Sinian in age. Zircon, apatite and other minerals from the Tiejiashan granitic gneiss at Anshan, Liaoning Province, lie on two U-Pb discordant lines with ca. 3,300 and 2,800 m.y. respectively. Zircon, on the discordia with 3,300 m.y., is non-magnetic and free from dark inclusions. Apatite with common Pb isotopic composition, lying on the line of older age, is close to the concordia, indicating that it has not undergone any geological thermal events since it was formed. Zircon and apatite with inclusions and magnetism lie on the discordia of younger age. A U-Pb age of ca. 3,300 m.y. for the Tiejiashan granitic gneiss seems to be possible. However, it is necessary to examine the ages of these rocks with Rb?Sr and other methods in the future. A precursory Precambrian Geochronological Scale of China is propsed based on the Sinian Geochronological Scale of China published in 1977^[1] as well as on new data from this study.  相似文献   

Atmospheric teleconnection mechanisms of extratropical North Atlantic SST influence on Sahel rainfall   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Yuwei Liu  John C. H. Chiang  Chia Chou  Christina M. Patricola 《Climate Dynamics》2014,43(9-10):2797-2811

Extratropical North Atlantic cooling has been tied to droughts over the Sahel in both paleoclimate observations and modeling studies. This study, which uses an atmospheric general circulation model (GCM) coupled to a slab ocean model that simulates this connection, explores the hypothesis that the extratropical North Atlantic cooling causes the Sahel droughts via an atmospheric teleconnection mediated by tropospheric cooling. The drying is also produced in a regional climate model simulation of the Sahel when reductions in air temperature (and associated geopotential height and humidity changes) from the GCM simulation are imposed as the lateral boundary conditions. This latter simulation explicitly demonstrates the central role of tropospheric cooling in mediating the atmospheric teleconnection from extratropical North Atlantic cooling. Diagnostic analyses are applied to the GCM simulation to infer teleconnection mechanisms. An analysis of top of atmosphere radiative flux changes diagnosed with a radiative kernel technique shows that extratropical North Atlantic cooling is augmented by a positive low cloud feedback and advected downstream, cooling Europe and North Africa. The cooling over North Africa is further amplified by a reduced greenhouse effect from decreased atmospheric specific humidity. A moisture budget analysis shows that the direct moisture effect and monsoon weakening, both tied to the ambient cooling and resulting circulation changes, and feedbacks by vertical circulation and evaporation augment the rainfall reduction. Cooling over the Tropical North Atlantic in response to the prescribed extratropical cooling also augments the Sahel drying. Taken together, they suggest a thermodynamic pathway for the teleconnection. The teleconnection may also be applicable to understanding the North Atlantic influence on Sahel rainfall over the twentieth century.  相似文献   

2010年冬季浙江两次强降雪过程的对比分析   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

沈玉伟  孙琦旻 《气象》2013,39(2):218-225

利用NCEP1°×1°再分析资料,对浙江2010年冬季两次强降雪过程的环流形势和物理量场进行了分析和讨论.结果表明:两次过程都是北方冷空气与西南暖湿气流交汇所致,冷空气较强时,锋区迅速南压,降雪持续时间较短,暴雪产生在中低层切变线的风速辐合区中;而冷空气强度适中时,“冷垫”和静止锋长时间存在,降雪持续时间则较长,暴雪产生在低空急流的左前方;降雪区上空有明显的水汽通量辐合,水汽通量大值区的演变与降雪过程有较好的对应关系;低空辐合和高空辐散的配置是强降雪产生的有利动力条件,其强度越强,降雪也越强.  相似文献   

一次秋季温带气旋的雨雪天气过程分析   总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2  

王东海  端义宏  刘英  梁钊明  柳崇健  赵艳风  张雨微  尹金方  王洪 《气象学报》2013,71(4):606-627

2012年11月3-5日,受强冷空气和气旋发展的影响,华北地区出现了秋冬之交首场雨雪过程.此次雨雪天气过程具有降水强度大、雨雪范围广、初雪时间早、降水相态多变以及雨雪降温大风并存等特点.着重分析了过程的多尺度相互作用及其成因机理等,得到以下结果:(1)通过对北极涛动指数变化的分析发现,此次过程前期由于北极涛动指数负位相出现的时间较早,并且强度大,维持时间长,对应当年秋冬之交首场雨雪天气出现亦时间早、强度大.(2)此次过程前期华北地区西风带上游长波波数趋于减少,导致后期位于华北地区受其引导的相应低压系统稳定少动.(3)东亚-西太平洋地区建立的“Ω”形阻塞形势阻挡了其上游西风带槽的东移,特别是后期此阻塞高压南部迅速生成的低值系统与阻塞高压的高值中心构成了十分稳定的对偶之势,阻断了其上游西风带槽的东移,导致相应地面气旋系统长时间稳定维持在北京及其邻近地区,从而促使该地区出现了历史上罕见的强降水事件.(4)该过程涡度平流和温度平流对锋前上升运动的形成和气旋的发展演变有重要的影响,这次天气过程的气旋发展机制与经典的第二类温带气旋发生、发展机制不尽相同.(5)此次过程中水汽条件极为有利,特别是在气旋发展后期,来自海上的水汽源源不断流入移动缓慢的气旋区域,为该区域的罕见强降水创造了极为有利的水汽条件.(6)在整体大气稳定层结环境下,锋面前沿的水汽输送和抬升在低层形成了大气不稳定层结,有利于低层上升运动的触发,锋面加强引起的风垂直切变加强促进了大气不稳定层结之上的条件性对称不稳定区向上扩展,并与高层的条件性对称不稳定区连通,从而为低层触发的上升运动向高层发展提供了有利条件.  相似文献   

ENSO空间形态变异对ENSO-IOD关系年代际减弱的可能作用   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

滕宇威  张文君  刘超  耿新  秦楚菲 《气象学报》2020,78(2):210-220

基于1979—2017年哈得来中心的逐月海表温度资料（HadISST）和美国环境预报中心/美国大气研究中心（NCEP/NCAR）提供的大气环流再分析数据,研究了北半球秋季厄尔尼诺和南方涛动（ENSO）与印度洋偶极子（IOD）关系的年代际变化特征及其可能原因。结果显示,ENSO-IOD关系存在显著的年代际变化:21世纪初期前,二者呈显著正相关,厄尔尼诺（拉尼娜）年秋季常对应显著的印度洋偶极子正（负）异常;21世纪初期以后,ENSO-IOD关系显著减弱,统计上不显著。进一步研究表明,ENSO空间型态的变异对于该关系的年代际减弱起重要作用。在第二时段（2004—2017年）,中部型厄尔尼诺事件和东部型拉尼娜事件频发,中部型厄尔尼诺事件与印度洋偶极子强度的关系与其纬向位置密切相关,与其强度的线性关系较弱;而东部型拉尼娜事件,由于海温距平位置偏东（位于赤道东太平洋冷舌区）,在偏低的气候态海温作用下,其引起的大气局地响应很弱,对印度洋的遥强迫作用较弱,因而对印度洋偶极子强度的影响也较弱。在二者的共同作用下,ENSO-IOD的关系发生了年代际减弱。   相似文献   

济阳坳陷罗家地区各向异性页岩储层全波场地震响应模拟及分析     

邓馨卉  刘财  郭智奇  刘喜武  刘宇巍 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2018,48(4):1231-1243

济阳坳陷罗家地区页岩储层的固有各向异性及水平层理发育使得储层呈现VTI（vertical transversely isotropy）各向异性,而VTI各向异性背景下垂直裂缝的发育使得储层进一步呈现等效正交各向异性特征。本文以正交各向异性介质作为罗家页岩油储层模型,在岩石物理建模中应用Backus平均理论将测井尺度的VTI各向异性粗化至地震尺度,并利用Schoenberg理论在VTI各向异性背景中引入垂直裂缝,进而得到正交各向异性等效介质模型,同时考虑裂缝尺度和流体填充等因素。之后,应用各向异性反射率法进行全波场地震正演模拟,计算正交各向异性页岩油储层AVAZ（amplitude versus azimuth）响应,通过振幅的方位特征进行储层裂缝识别。计算结果表明,PP波、PSV波和PSH波方位振幅响应各不相同,且方位振幅分布图的拟合形状可反映裂缝的发育方向,为页岩油储层中裂缝的地震识别提供依据。  相似文献   

Centrifuge modelling of twin-tunnelling induced ground movements in loess strata     

Junling Qiu  Yongli Xie  Haobo Fan  Zhichao Wang  Yuwei Zhang 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2017,10(22):493

A great concern for the safety of large cross-section tunnels, which are being or to be built in the loess strata of China, is attracted. Generally, loess is a multi-phase porous medium and develops complex stress and strain variation while executing a tunnel project. Another problem is that the soil surrounding both tunnel arches is subjected to a complex loading due to the double excavation. To obtain an in-depth knowledge of the mechanism of tunnel deformation induced by the twin-tunnelling, we conducted comprehensive centrifuge tests, which can simulate and reproduce strictly the action process of twin-tunnelling. Through the model tests, the response of twin-tunnelling on loess stratum deformation was obtained. The investigations showed that with the increase of tunnel spacing, the stratum deformation distribution near the vault changes from a single-peak V shape to a double-peak W shape. Additionally, the height of the stratum pressure arch effect increases significantly. The settlement of the preceding tunnel is slightly larger than that of the latter tunnel, and the twin-tunnelling effect gradually decreases with the increase of tunnel spacing. Through comparative analysis of the different combinations of tunnel spacing and tunnel interval, the interaction between two tunnels with different spacing and interval during tunnelling was investigated, further optimizing the reasonable tunnel spacing and construction steps, as well as providing reference for tunnel route selection in the loess strata.  相似文献   

Effect of hydrological variability on diatom distribution in Poyang Lake,China     

钱奎梅  刘霞  陈宇炜 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2017,35(1):174-184

Poyang Lake is the largest freshwater lake in China, and it has a seasonal flooding cycle that significantly changes the water level every year. The aim of this paper was to explain how these hydrological changes influence diatom populations in Poyang Lake. The yearly hydrological cycle can be divided into 4 phases: low water-level phase, increasing water-level phase, high water-level phase and decreasing water-level phase. Variations in the abundance of planktonic diatoms were studied using quarterly monitoring data collected from January 2009 to October 2013. Generally, diatoms were dominant in Poyang Lake and accounted for more than 50% of the total phytoplankton biomass except in July 2009 (26%) and January 2012 (35%). Aulacoseira granulata and Surirella robusta were the predominant species in all four phases, and they accounted for 25.02% to 56.89% and 5.07% to 14.78% of the total phytoplankton biomass, respectively. A redundancy analysis (RDA) showed that changes in physico-chemical parameter were related to the water level, and changes in diatom biomass were related to nitrite levels and pH. These results indicate that changes in environmental parameters related to both seasonal variations and water-level fluctuations caused variations in diatom biomass and community composition in Poyang Lake. Furthermore, extreme hydrological events can have different influences on the diatom community composition in the main channel and lentic regions. This research provides data on the diatom variations in Poyang Lake and will be useful for establishing biological indicators of environmental change and protecting Poyang Lake in the future.  相似文献   

太湖梅梁湾口浮游植物初级生产力及其相关因素关系的研究   总被引：21，自引：4，他引：17  

蔡后建  陈宇伟  蔡启铭  高锡芸 《湖泊科学》1994,6(4):340-347

研究了太湖梅梁口1991年8月—1993年2月浮游植物初级生产力季节变化和垂直分布以及初级生产力与光、温、叶绿素、透明度之间的关系。结果表明,温度是影响初级生产力的主要因子。全年初级生产力主要集中在夏季（6—8月份）。水柱日毛生产量的更大值在7月份,达4.63g O_2/m~2·d;最小值在12月,仅为0.12g O_2/m~2·d。初级生产力的最适温度为25℃。根据室内模拟实验,它与温度之间拟合方程为:P=0.22θ_(25-r)。初级生产力还受可利用光的影响,最高初级生产力一般出现在透明度一半的水层。初级生产力与光辐射能之间的关系（T=18℃）为:P=0.162·(I/1.33)·exp(1-(I/1.33))+0.05。  相似文献