排序方式： 共有39条查询结果，搜索用时 15 毫秒
21.
ERA-Interim地表温度数据集在青藏高原冻土分布制图应用的适用性评估 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
地表温度综合反映了大气、植被和土壤等因素的能量交换状况, 是冻土分布模型和一些寒区陆面过程模式的上边界条件, 对多年冻土分布制图和活动层厚度估算有重要意义. 为了评估ERA-Interim 地表温度产品在青藏高原地区的适用性, 综合比较了青藏高原69个海拔2 000 m以上气象站1981-2013年地面实际观测值与ERA-Interim之间的差异及其分布状况. 结果表明, 两种资料的变化趋势一致, 但是ERA-Interim地表温度在数值上与实际观测值差别显著, 平均偏低7.4℃. 原因之一可能是由ERA-Interim再分析资料格点的海拔高度与气象站实际海拔高度差异引起的. 根据两种温度产品之间海拔的差异, 对ERA-Interim地表温度重新进行模拟, 经过模拟后的ERA-Interim地表温度与实际观测值的差值在大部分气象站变小, 平均偏高0.4℃. 因此, 经过重新模拟的ERA-Interim地表温度基本能够反映青藏高原地表温度的真实情况. 以模拟后的ERA-Interim地表温度作为地面冻结数模型的输入参数模拟了青藏高原冻土分布, 结果表明青藏高原多年冻土区面积为1.14×106 km2, 季节冻土区面积为1.43×106km2. 相似文献
22.
This study examines the artificial influence of increasing the SST resolution on the storm track over the North Pacific in ERA-Interim. Along with the mesoscale oceanic eddies and fronts resolved during the high-resolution-SST period, the low-level storm track strengthens northward, reaching more than 30% of the maximum values in the low-resolution-SST period after removing the influence of ENSO. The mesoscale structure firstly imprints on the marine atmospheric boundary layer, which then leads to changes in turbulent heat flux and near-surface convergence, forcing a secondary circulation into the free atmosphere, strengthening the vertical eddy heat, momentum and specific humidity fluxes, and contributing to the enhancement of the storm track. Results from a high-resolution atmospheric model further indicate the changes in the storm track due to the mesoscale SST and their relationship. 相似文献
23.
In this study, long-term change of wind characteristics on the Black Sea has been investigated using two widely used data sources, i.e., European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) ERA-Interim and National Centers for Environmental Prediction/Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (NCEP/CFSR), spanning 40 years between 1979 and 2018. Spatial and seasonal variability of climatic features such as the wind speed, direction, number and duration of storms, and wind power density are discussed. Wind climate is characterized by strong, durable and stable winds in the northern and western Black Sea, and relatively weak, short-lived and highly-variable winds in the eastern Black Sea. These long-term wind patterns indicate that the eastern part of the basin is likely to be subjected to the impacts of climate change. Long-term stable and strong wind conditions in the southwest part indicate reliable, persistent and sustainable wind energy potential. Long-term and seasonal variation of wind power density (WPD) at 110 m altitude over the Black Sea is investigated. There is a significant difference in WPD values between winter and summer seasons, with around 2.8 times larger WPD in winter than that in summer. In the western Black Sea, narrow confidence intervals observed in each season indicate a low level of variation during a season and ensures stable wind power conditions. 相似文献
24.
为进行海洋表层风场的物理结构重建与基础理论溯源,需选用可靠准确且通过检验的高时空分辨率风场资料。本文利用NDBC、TAO和嵊泗站现场观测资料,在全面比较分析的基础上,对其中应用较广泛的CFSR/CFSv2、ERA-Interim、FNL和CCMP四种风场产品在北半球海域(北太平洋、北大西洋)进行了检验评估,得出结论:1)4种资料的风速都不同程度地低估了实际观测风速;在低风速区的风向偏差较大,风速越低,偏差越多;产品资料在远岸地区比近岸地区更接近实测资料,在高纬地区的效果优于低纬地区。2)通过比较4种产品资料与浮标实测资料的风向和风速的偏差、均方根误差、误差标准差和相关系数,发现CCMP资料是4种资料中整体效果最好的一种,而CFSR/CFSv2资料是较差的一种。3)嵊泗站观测平台资料与浮标观测资料验证的结论略有差异,结果显示:FNL资料是4种资料产品中效果最好的产品,ERA-Interim资料的效果仅次于FNL,而用浮标验证效果较好的CCMP资料在嵊泗站点效果却较差,CFSR/CFSv2资料是4种资料中效果最差的。4)通过分析4种风场资料的偏差分布发现,CCMP与ERA-Interim风场资料的偏差较小,而CFSR/CFSv2与FNL风场资料的偏差较小。CCMP资料与其他3种资料的纬向风偏差在海洋上以负偏差为主,陆地以及沿岸地区的偏差较大,且分布不均匀;经向风偏差分布中,南半球的正偏差区较为明显,而北半球的负偏差区则较为明显,但偏差程度要小于纬向风偏差。 相似文献
25.
全极化数据可以获取比单极化数据更多的目标信息,研究发现C波段交叉极化数据同样可用于海面风速反演。针对RADARSAT-2 Fine Quad模式具有全极化成像的特点,以我国东部海域为研究区,结合同极化数据和交叉极化数据反演海面风速模型,探究各种极化数据的最优风速反演方法。对于同极化数据采用地球物理模型函数(GMF)和极化率模型(PR)组合的方式进行海面风速反演,对交叉极化数据采用C波段交叉极化海面散射模型(C-2PO)进行海面风速反演,反演结果与ERA-Interim风场数据进行比较分析;此外,对Scan SAR模式交叉极化数据的后向散射系数与海面风速的关系进行探索分析。研究结果表明,RADARSAT-2 Fine Quad模式四种极化数据选用合适的模型均可反演出高精度的海面风速,其中VH和HV极化数据的反演结果基本相同,交叉极化数据反演风速效果好于同极化数据,同时,Scan SAR模式交叉极化数据的后向散射系数随海面风速的增大表现出一定的线性变化趋势。全极化模式数据在海面风速反演上表现出比单极化模式数据较为明显的优势,将成为未来海面风速反演的发展方向。 相似文献
26.
The long-term variations of wave characteristics in the Black Sea are evaluated by using a third-generation wave model (Simulating WAves Nearshore, SWAN), forced by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) ERA-Interim and National Centers for Environmental Prediction/Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (NCEP/CFSR) wind data, covering the period of 1979−2018. The model results were calibrated and validated with buoy measurements at seven stations along the Black Sea. The comparative study shows that the CFSR dataset predicted slightly greater significant wave heights than the ERA-Interim dataset. The greatest difference between two datasets in terms of wave characteristics was found in the northeastern part of the Black Sea. The long-term averages and the variations of long-term trends for wave characteristics show that southwestern part of the Black Sea was characterized by greater significant wave heights, longer mean wave periods and storm durations, and lower variability, while the northeastern part of the basin was characterized by lower significant wave heights, shorter mean wave periods and storm durations, and higher variability. The long-term trends indicate that the wave characteristics over the 40-year period are more likely to be exposed to higher variation on the eastern part of the Black Sea than the western part of the basin. 相似文献
27.
ERA-Interim再分析和NCEP FNL分析资料在东南极中山站至Dome A断面的适用性研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用2008年南极中山站至Dome A断面上观测站的近地面气象观测资料对ECMWF ERA-Interim再分析和NCEP FNL分析资料在东南极地区的适用性进行了验证。结果表明,ERA-Interim再分析资料的气温表现明显优于FNL分析资料,其与观测的年均绝对偏差在南极大陆沿岸地区1℃,在内陆高原2℃;而FNL分析资料的气温在南极内陆高原地区较观测明显偏暖,尤其在冬季偏暖达8—10℃,表明其不能直接用于南极内陆高原气温的变化分析。FNL的地面气压与观测比较接近,逐月平均偏差仅约1 h Pa,其精度明显高于ERA-Interim再分析资料的地面气压,而后者在沿岸地区存在明显的系统性偏低。ERA-Interim和FNL的近地表风速、风向差异不显著,其与观测的年平均、季节平均绝对风速偏差在沿岸和下降风区1 m·s-1,在内陆高原约2—4 m·s-1,年平均风向绝对偏差10°。 相似文献
28.
利用1979-2016年ERA-Interim再分析资料提供的1°×1°水汽通量和大气可降水量（PWV）数据,采用相关性分析、趋势分析法、累积距平及反距离加权（IDW）等方法,研究三江源地区PWV与水汽通量的时空分布特征和降水转化率（PCE）。结果表明:①过去38年来,经、纬向多年平均水汽通量分别为2.0 kg/（m·s）、10.3 kg/（m·s）,水汽通量纬向增幅高于经向,水汽在纬向汇入为主,经向输出为主;② PWV呈微弱增多趋势,年平均PWV为1 791.6~2 278.9 mm,季节平均PWV为122.2~1 134.2 mm,不同季节内空间差异明显;③三江源区多年平均PCE为24.6%,1989年最高,达32.8%;季节与多年平均PCE空间分布一致,都表现出由东南向西北递减的变化特征,季节分布变化差异大;④该地区空中水资源丰富但自然PCE低,开发潜力大,应用前景广阔。 相似文献
29.
????ROI_PAC????????????????ALOS PALSAR 474?????4?????????ERA-Interim?????NeQuick?????????????ж?????????????????????????????λ???????5??GPS?????????????????б????????????????????????????D-InSAR???ó?????λ????侭????????????????????????λ?????GPS??????????????????0.104 m?????????????0.057 m,???????????????????????????????D-InSAR????????????? 相似文献
30.
为研究近期21年(1989—2009年)北极地区海冰变化原因,本文利用欧洲中期天气预报中心ERA-Interim数据集资料和美国麻省理工学院MITgcm全球海冰-海洋耦合模式开展了不同大气强迫条件下海冰变化的数值模拟研究.研究工作中共设计了6个数值试验,除1个试验全部采用1989—2009年每日4个时次的大气强迫场外,其余5个试验各有一种大气强迫(地表气温、地表大气比湿、向下短波辐射通量、向下长波辐射通量和地表风)采用1989年月平均结果.分析了各模拟试验结果中3月和9月北极地区海冰面积的年际变化特征及最小二乘拟合意义下的线性变化趋势,并以ERA-Interim结果为参照标准对各模拟试验结果进行了对比和检验,以说明不同大气强迫量变率对海冰变化的作用.结果表明:地表气温变率和向下长波辐射通量变率是造成海冰面积减少的主要原因;向下短波辐射通量变率对海冰面积变化影响几乎可以忽略;地表大气比湿变率对海冰面积线性变化趋势影响较小,但对海冰面积年际变化特征有调制作用;地表风变率对海冰季节变化、海冰面积线性变化趋势及年际变化特征均有明显影响,说明提高大气风应力精度是改善海冰数值模拟结果的重要手段. 相似文献