排序方式： 共有39条查询结果，搜索用时 15 毫秒
11.
利用ERA-Interim再分析资料对地基GNSS水汽层析中几个关键技术进行优化。首先利用ERA-Interim提供的大气产品建立同时顾及时间及地表温度参数的区域性大气加权平均温度模型；然后根据ERA-Interim提供的高垂直分辨率的水汽产品，分析“水汽层层顶”随时间变化的规律；最后提出一种新的划分垂直方向层析网格的方法。选取我国香港地区的12个CORS站2014-06的观测数据进行试算，结果表明，与探空资料相比，6 km高度以下优化后的层析结果相比传统层析结果精度提高了12%，在6 km高度以上提高了17%。 相似文献
12.
The CRA-Interim trial production of the global atmospheric reanalysis for 10 years from 2007 to 2016 is carried out by the China Meteorological Administration (CMA) in 2017. The structural characteristics of the horizontal shear line over the Tibetan Plateau (TPHSL) based on the CRA-Interim datasets are examined by objectively identifying the shear line, and compared with the analysis results of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF)the European Center (ECMWF) reanalysis data (ERA-Interim). The case occurred at 18UTC on July 5, 2016. The results show that both of the ERA-Interim and CRA-Interim datasets can well reveal the circulation background and the dynamic and thermal structure characteristics of TPHSL, and they have shown some similar features. The middle and high latitudes at 500 hPa are characterized by500hPa present the circulation situation of 相似文献
13.
新疆夏季降水时空分布的适用性评估 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
新疆气象站点稀疏且分布不均,高精度时空气象数据缺乏。基于数据同化的再分析资料,可成为解决这一问题的有效途径。利用美国国家环境预报中心再分析数据(CFSR)、欧洲中期数值预报中心再分析数据(ERA-Interim)和美国国家航空航天局再分析数据(MERRA)中的降水数据,分别与1979-2007年新疆气象观测数据和日本气象厅高分辨率亚洲陆地降水数据(APHRO)进行数理统计分析,评估了这3套再分析数据在新疆的适用性。3套再分析数据可有效表征新疆大部分地区年内降水的时空分布特征,夏季降水偏差小于100%;但未能捕捉到夏季降水的长期趋势。夏季降水的偏差与高程具有显著的相关性,这可为订正3套再分析数据、提高降水数据的精度提供技术支撑。 相似文献
14.
通过对比江淮地区1992-2016年08和20时的ERA-Interim再分析资料与观测资料的温度要素,发现它们在垂直方向上的偏差存在从低层到高层先减小后增大的特点,对流层低层各站偏差的空间差异明显,到中高层各站偏差趋于一致。偏差存在明显年际变化,500 hPa及以上等压面在2000年前后再分析资料比观测资料存在由偏低向偏高的转折;除地面外,其他高度上两种资料的平均绝对偏差均呈显著减小趋势。在偏差的月际分布上,地面和500 hPa以上高度再分析资料普遍比观测资料偏高,各高度上平均绝对偏差在8-9月最小。进一步对各天气现象下两种资料比较发现,雪、雨夹雪、冰粒子和冻雨天气发生时,地面至1000 hPa和850 hPa上再分析资料比观测资料偏高;大雾天气发生时,再分析资料比观测资料在1000 hPa偏高幅度明显高于地面。可见,在江淮地区使用ERA-Interim再分析温度资料判别降水相态时,大气边界层和850 hPa温度需慎重使用,近地层虚假逆温对大雾判别会产生很大影响。 相似文献
15.
ERA-Interim 再分析数据在中国沿海的质量评估 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
本文采用1979~2012年的中国沿海台站观测数据对ERA-Interim(简称"ERA-I")的气温、气压和海温数据进行质量评估。结果表明:(1)从常年平均来看,ERA-I气温、气压和海温多年月平均变化与观测数据吻合较好,可以反映气候态的季节变化特征。与台站观测数据相比,ERA-I气温平均偏高0.19℃,气压平均偏低0.17 h Pa,海温平均偏高0.70℃。(2)从年际变化情况来看,ERA-I和台站观测的气温、气压和海温变化趋势一致,气温和海温呈上升趋势,气压呈下降趋势。但在海南岛附近使用ERA-I气温做年际变化分析和在东海台湾海峡至北部湾沿岸使用ERA-I海温做年际变化趋势分析时要谨慎。(3)从月均变化分析来看,ERA-I月均气温、气压和海温数据与台站实测数据具有很好的一致性。从误差空间分布来看,ERA-I气温在黄海沿岸平均误差最小,ERA-I气压在渤海沿岸平均误差最小,ERA-I海温在南海沿岸平均误差最小。需要特别指出的是,ERA-I月均海温在渤海和台湾海峡附近沿岸平均误差较大(部分站均方根误差超过2.5℃),在上述区域使用ERA-I海温数据时应考虑其产品偏差。 相似文献
16.
对流层延迟是无线电导航定位的主要误差源之一,其值对目标高程的变化敏感.在动态导航定位中,由于目标高程变化随机性强,延迟改正实时性需求高,已有的对流层延迟模型难以满足应用需求.本文利用2005到2006年ERA-Interim再分析气象资料积分方法计算的对流层天顶总延迟(ZTD)、天顶静力学延迟(ZHD)以及天顶非静力学延迟(ZWD)的垂直剖面研究了ZTD随高程变化的最佳拟合形式,并以此为基础建立了全球ZTD改正模型SHAO-H.该模型以大气中水汽的垂直分布规律为依据,将ZTD表示为高程的分段函数,进而再模制每段函数中各参数随时间的变化.精度评估显示:与积分ZTD相比,SHAO-H模型计算的ZTD在不同等压层上的平均bias大部分在±1 mm以内,随着高度的上升,平均RMS由39 mm减小至不足1 mm;与IGS (International GNSS Service)实测ZTD相比,SHAO-H模型的精度(bias为7.02 mm,RMS为38.50 mm)优于UNB3m模型(bias为14.67 mm, RMS为51.95 mm).SHAO-H模型具有精度稳定、计算简便等优点,适宜任意高度的用户使用. 相似文献
17.
中国海域波浪能资源分布及波浪能发电装置适用性研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
首先全面综述了国内外波浪能资源开发利用现状,系统总结了目前国内外海洋波浪能资源发电技术中应用的主要波浪能资源开发装置及存在问题;基于ERA-Interim再分析数据,给出了中国海域的平均波浪能流密度和季节特征,从而获取高波能资源分布区域,得到了中国海域波浪能资源分布富集区域;结合不同海岸岸线及海底类型,综合给出了中国波能资源富集区域中发电装置适用建议、高峰发电季节。对提高我国波浪能资源开发利用、推动海洋可再生能源行业的发展具有重要意义,也为实用化、商业化海洋波浪能资源选址提供了科学依据。 相似文献
18.
Wave energy resources assessment is a very important process before the exploitation and utilization of the wave energy. At present, the existing wave energy assessment is focused on theoretical wave energy conditions for interesting areas. While the evaluation for exploitable wave energy conditions is scarcely ever performed.Generally speaking, the wave energy are non-exploitable under a high sea state and a lower sea state which must be ignored when assessing wave energy. Aiming at this situation, a case study of the East China Sea and the South China Sea is performed. First, a division basis between the theoretical wave energy and the exploitable wave energy is studied. Next, based on recent 20 a ERA-Interim wave field data, some indexes including the spatial and temporal distribution of wave power density, a wave energy exploitable ratio, a wave energy level, a wave energy stability, a total wave energy density, the seasonal variation of the total wave energy and a high sea condition frequency are calculated. And then the theoretical wave energy and the exploitable wave energy are compared each other; the distributions of the exploitable wave energy are assessed and a regional division for exploitable wave energy resources is carried out; the influence of the high sea state is evaluated. The results show that considering collapsing force of the high sea state and the utilization efficiency for wave energy, it is determined that the energy by wave with a significant wave height being not less 1 m or not greater than 4 m is the exploitable wave energy. Compared with the theoretical wave energy, the average wave power density, energy level, total wave energy density and total wave energy of the exploitable wave energy decrease obviously and the stability enhances somewhat. Pronounced differences between the theoretical wave energy and the exploitable wave energy are present. In the East China Sea and the South China Sea, the areas of an abundant and stable exploitable wave energy are primarily located in the north-central part of the South China Sea, the Luzon Strait,east of Taiwan, China and north of Ryukyu Islands; annual average exploitable wave power density values in these areas are approximately 10–15 k W/m; the exploitable coefficient of variation(COV) and seasonal variation(SV)values in these areas are less than 1.2 and 1, respectively. Some coastal areas of the Beibu Gulf, the Changjiang Estuary, the Hangzhou Bay and the Zhujiang Estuary are the poor areas of the wave energy. The areas of the high wave energy exploitable ratio is primarily in nearshore waters. The influence of the high sea state for the wave energy in nearshore waters is less than that in offshore waters. In the areas of the abundant wave energy, the influence of the high sea state for the wave energy is prominent and the utilization of wave energy is relatively difficult. The developed evaluation method may give some references for an exploitable wave energy assessment and is valuable for practical applications. 相似文献
19.
基于ECMWF再分析数据的大气波导分布规律研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
大气波导对电磁波传播有显著的影响,大气波导特征参量分布研究对于分析电磁波传播乃至雷达、通信等电子设备效能具有重要意义,利用ERA-Interim数据计算大气波导特征参量,并用海洋调查期间的低空探空火箭数据计算的大气波导进行了验证,在此基础上用2011—2016年ERA-Interim温度、湿度分层数据统计分析了全球大气波导的发生概率、强度、高度,得出的结论是:大洋东部、大陆西部的信风带是大气波导的高发区,大洋上大气波导的高发区（发生概率＞50%）主要有6个,分别是北太平洋海区、南太平洋海区、北大西洋海区、南大西洋海区、北印度洋海区、南印度洋澳大利亚西部海区;同时,存在3个大气波导低发区或无大气波导区（热带辐合带区、北半球中高纬度区、南半球中高纬度区）。这些大气波导高发和低发区的位置、范围、发生概率具有季节变化,北半球MAM季（3—5月）发生概率最高,出现的范围最大,SON季（9—11月）概率最低,出现的范围最小,DJF（12、1、2月）、JJA（6—8月）季节介于两者之间;南半球SON季发生概率最高,出现的范围最大,MAM季概率最低,出现的范围最小。北半球大气波导强度总体上强于南半球大气波导强度,北半球MAM季大气波导较强海域范围最大,强度最强,其次为JJA季,SON季大气波导较强海域范围最小,强度最弱;南太平洋大气波导强度季节变化不明显,强度与北太平洋比均较弱,南大西洋SON季大气波导较强海域范围最大,强度最强,DJF季大气波导较强海域范围最小,强度最弱;北印度洋MAM季大气波导强度强,是大洋上波导最强的海域,大气波导较强海域范围大,JJA季基本没有大气波导。大气波导高度在信风带靠近大陆西岸海域高度较低,随着向西离岸距离增大高度升高,大气波导高发区的波导高度季节变化特征是:北半球在SON、DJF季高度高,波导高度高的区域面积大,MAM、JJA季高度低,波导高度高的区域面积小;南半球在MAM、JJA季高度高,波导高度高的区域面积大,SON、DJF季高度低,波导高度高的区域面积小;其他中低纬度近岸海域大气波导高度较低,大陆包围的内海大气波导高度最低。 相似文献
20.
We use first field-based observations of precipitation and river isotopic chemistry from a three-year study (2009–2011) in rainforest and nearby savannah in central Guyana at the northern rim of the Amazon rainforest to establish the quality of modelled or remotely-sensed datasets. Our 3 years of data capture a reduced rainfall regime in 2009 and an extended wet season in 2010, in contrast to the widely documented Amazonian floods in 2009 and droughts in 2010. Comparisons of observed precipitation with satellite derived TRMM and ECMWF ERA-Interim reanalysis precipitation show that both of these data sets capture the general pattern of seasonality, but substantially underestimate rainfall amounts in the primary wet season (by up to 50% and 72% respectively). The TRMM dataset is generally better at characterising the main dry season from September to December but the ERA-Interim model can overestimate precipitation in the dry season by up to 175%. Our new data on isotopic chemistry of river waters show that δ2H/δ18O values in this region are broadly consistent with interpolated global datasets of modelled precipitation isotopic signatures. The dominance of isotopically lighter water derived from the rains of the ITCZ during the wet season provides evidence of the close coupling of water chemistry of headwater rivers on the northern rim of Amazonia to the positioning of the ITCZ over the region. Our results highlight the challenge in understanding and representing local scale hydrological and biogeochemical characteristics using regional scale model data. We argue that combining point and local scale field data with larger scale model data is necessary to progress towards a comprehensive understanding of climate–hydrology interactions in Amazonia. 相似文献