Current and Future Applications of 3-D Global Earth-Ionosphere Models Based on the Full-Vector Maxwell’s Equations FDTD Method     

Jamesina J. Simpson 《Surveys in Geophysics》2009,30(2):105-130

Advances in computing technologies in recent decades have provided a means of generating and performing highly sophisticated computational simulations of electromagnetic phenomena. In particular, just after the turn of the twenty-first century, improvements to computing infrastructures provided for the first time the opportunity to conduct advanced, high-resolution three-dimensional full-vector Maxwell’s equations investigations of electromagnetic propagation throughout the global Earth-ionosphere spherical volume. These models, based on the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method, are capable of including such details as the Earth’s topography and bathymetry, as well as arbitrary horizontal/vertical geometrical and electrical inhomogeneities and anisotropies of the ionosphere, lithosphere, and oceans. Studies at this level of detail simply are not achievable using analytical methods. The goal of this paper is to provide an historical overview and future prospectus of global FDTD computational research for both natural and man-made electromagnetic phenomena around the world. Current and future applications of global FDTD models relating to lightning sources and radiation, Schumann resonances, hypothesized earthquake precursors, remote sensing, and space weather are discussed.

Jamesina J. SimpsonEmail:

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基于机理的合成孔径雷达系统成像误差理论分析     

葛咏  王劲峰 《地球信息科学学报》2000,2(1):28-32

目前在遥感和GIS中,关于误差和不确定性研究的主要方法有两种: 概率统计和机理模拟。本文论述了二者的特点,详细讨论了影响合成孔径雷达成像的诸多因素,提出利用机理的方法分析SAR系统成像误差。本方法是从合成孔径雷达成像机理的研究出发,利用控制论的观点来解释、分析影响合成孔径雷达成像的诸多误差因素并建立误差传播模型。这不仅对研制合成孔径雷达的设计具有指导意义,而且对遥感数据的质量控制也有重要意义。  相似文献   

内潮模拟的数值模式     

杜涛  方欣华 《海洋预报》1999,16(4):26-32

提出根据内潮数值模式所要解决的主要问题进行分类的方法,将现有内潮数值模式分为三 种类型：生成模式、传播模式和统一模式。生成模式主要研究在表面潮与地形的相互作用下内 潮在层化海水中的产生过程,传播模式研究内潮生成后的传播过程,统一模式则将生成和传播 过程一起研究。分别介绍了近年来最新的各类模式和大部分早期模式的主要组成部分和特征, 指出内潮模式发展需要解决的问题和发展方向。  相似文献   

驼背鲈引种驯养及人工诱导性腺发育和繁殖     

区又君  李加儿  陈福华 《广东海洋大学学报》1999,(3)

为探讨通过人工诱导获得驼背鲈成熟亲鱼的途径,在室内水池进行驼背鲈驯养研究;用口服和注射性激素、控温、控光、营养强化、模拟生态条件等方法处理驼背鲈以诱导其性腺发育。结果表明,控光和模拟生态条件不能有效诱导性腺发育;激素、控温和营养强化相结合可诱导驼背鲈性腺发育并成熟。对其中１ 组诱导成熟的亲鱼（雌、雄各１ 尾）进行人工催产后,亲鱼自然产卵受精,孵出仔鱼２ 万尾。驼背鲈在驯养条件下生长较快;通过人工控制和诱导可达到性腺发育和成熟,性腺发育速度较快。  相似文献   

基于含气泡液体声波方程的海底冷泉数值模拟          下载免费PDF全文

张闪闪  谷丙洛  任志明  段沛然  李振春 《地球物理学报》1954,63(9):3505-3519

海底冷泉羽状流与海底天然气水合物的分布密切相关,对水合物稳定带的边界具有指示作用,是未来能源勘探的重要领域.研究海底冷泉羽状流的地震响应特征,对确定天然气水合物的储集区域及成藏环境等均有重要意义.当前获得海底冷泉羽状流的地震响应主要通过数值模拟进行,然而该过程所依据的含气泡介质声速模型及随机介质理论不能完整描述海底冷泉的物理性质,采用的声波方程也不适用于高频地震波数值模拟.为了准确地实现海底冷泉羽状流地震波数值模拟,精确分析其地震响应特征,本文提出利用Keller-Miksis气泡振动模型来描述气泡在声波作用下的运动状态,同时考虑气泡间的相互作用,建立海底冷泉气泡模型.在此基础上,本文创新性地采用含气泡液体声波方程进行海底冷泉高频地震波数值模拟.数值模拟结果表明,本文提出的方法能够实现海底冷泉羽状流地震响应的高精度数值模拟.  相似文献   

印度洋—西太平洋对流涛动的季节内特征     

张净雯  李建平  李艳杰 《大气科学》2015,39(2):221-234

本文利用30~60天带通滤波资料, 考察了不同季节印度洋—西太平洋区域对流活动季节内尺度变率的主要模态, 发现在不同季节赤道东印度洋(5°S~10°N, 70°E~100°E)和西北太平洋(5°N~20°N, 110°E~160°E)对流活动均存在反相变化的关系, 将之称为季节内尺度的印度洋—西太平洋对流涛动(Indo-West Pacific Convection Oscillation), 简称IPCO。对IPCO两极子区域对流活动进行超前滞后相关分析, 发现IPCO事件形成—发展—消亡的生命周期是由对流活动季节内振荡及其传播造成的。对流扰动首先在赤道中西印度洋形成, 随后逐渐向东发展变强, 在其继续变强的过程中将分两支传播:一支由赤道印度洋向北传播, 至印度半岛南部后逐渐减弱消失;另一支沿赤道继续东传, 在海洋大陆受到抑制, 快速越过海洋大陆到达赤道西太平洋后又开始发展变强, 随后北传至西北太平洋区域逐渐减弱, 最终至我国长江流域中下游到日本区域消失。将这一过程划分为8个位相, 详细分析了不同位相对应的环流场和降水场特征, 最后给出了IPCO事件演化示意图。  相似文献   

中国暖季短时强降水分布和日变化特征及其与中尺度对流系统日变化关系分析   总被引：18，自引：2，他引：16  

陈炯  郑永光  张小玲  朱佩君 《气象学报》2013,71(3):367-382

短时强降水是强对流天气的一类.基于中国国家气象信息中心质量控制后的1991-2009年876个基本基准气象站整点逐时降水资料,通过不同时段的发生时次频率分析,给出了中国暖季(4-9月)不小于10、20、30、40、50 mm/h短时强降水的时空分布特征,并重点同利用静止气象卫星红外相当黑体亮度温度(T_BB)资料获得的中尺度对流系统(MCS)日变化特征进行了对比分析.结果表明,中国短时强降水时次频率地理分布同暴雨(≥50mm/d)分布都非常相似,但50mm/h以上的短时强降水时次频率非常低,地理分布差异显着.短时强降水发生频率最高的区域为华南,其次为云南南部、四川盆地、贵州南部、江西和长江下游等地.最大降水强度可超过180mm/h(海南);在短时强降水发生频率很低的区域,也有超过50mm/h的强降水.从月际变化来看,7月最为活跃,其次为8月.逐候变化显示,短时强降水具有显着的间歇性发展特征(跳跃性分布的特征),但总体上呈现缓慢增强、迅速减弱的特点;以7月第4候最为活跃.中国总体平均的短时强降水的频率和最大强度的日变化有3个峰值,主峰在午后(16-17时,北京时),次峰在午夜后(01-02时)和早晨(07-08时);中午前后(10-13时)最不活跃.中国短时强降水和中尺度对流系统的日变化特征基本一致,但午夜后时段二者存在较大差异.不同区域的短时强降水和中尺度对流系统日变化具有不同的活跃时段和传播特征,具有单峰型、双峰型、多峰型和持续活跃型等日变化类型,这不仅与较大尺度的天气系统环流相关,且与地势、海陆等地理分布密切相关.  相似文献   

Spiral arms as cosmic ray source distributions     

《Astroparticle Physics》2015

The Milky Way is a spiral galaxy with (or without) a bar-like central structure. There is evidence that the distribution of suspected cosmic ray sources, such as supernova remnants, are associated with the spiral arm structure of galaxies. It is yet not clearly understood what effect such a cosmic ray source distribution has on the particle transport in our Galaxy. We investigate and measure how the propagation of Galactic cosmic rays is affected by a cosmic ray source distribution associated with spiral arm structures.We use the PICARD code to perform high-resolution 3D simulations of electrons and protons in galactic propagation scenarios that include four-arm and two-arm logarithmic spiral cosmic ray source distributions with and without a central bar structure as well as the spiral arm configuration of the NE2001 model for the distribution of free electrons in the Milky Way. Results of these simulation are compared to an axisymmetric radial source distribution. Also, effects on the cosmic ray flux and spectra due to different positions of the Earth relative to the spiral structure are studied.We find that high energy electrons are strongly confined to their sources and the obtained spectra largely depend on the Earth’s position relative to the spiral arms. Similar finding have been obtained for low energy protons and electrons albeit at smaller magnitude. We find that even fractional contributions of a spiral arm component to the total cosmic ray source distribution influences the spectra on the Earth. This is apparent when compared to an axisymmetric radial source distribution as well as with respect to the Earth’s position relative to the spiral arm structure. We demonstrate that the presence of a Galactic bar manifests itself as an overall excess of low energy electrons at the Earth.Using a spiral arm geometry as a cosmic ray source distributions offers a genuine new quality of modeling and is used to explain features in cosmic ray spectra at the Earth that are else-wise attributed to other propagation effects. We show that realistic cosmic ray propagation scenarios have to acknowledge non-axisymmetric source distributions.  相似文献   

On the generation,propagation and radiation of magneto–acoustic–gravity waves with application to stars     

L. M. B. C. Campos 《地球物理与天体物理流体动力学》2013,107(1):51-74

Abstract

The study of the mechanisms controlling the stratification in closed fluid regions is an important branch of geophysical fluid dynamics. Part of this subject can be handled with a simple linear model, consisting of a buoyancy layer at the non-horizontal boundaries of a container and an advective-diffusive interior coupled by volume continuity. The model is valid under the following conditions: firstly, the buoyancy-frequency characterizing the solution must be sufficiently large to give rise to a flow pattern of boundary layer type and, secondly, the non-horizontal walls must not have too large thermal conductivity.

The main purpose of the present paper is to summarise previous work done by the authors in this field and to present some consequences of their theory not previously discussed.

Three important cases are discussed; certain stationary solutions, the decay of a given stratification and the build up of a stratification in a homogeneous fluid. The experimental results concerning the afore-mentioned cases are presented.  相似文献   

大气Rossby波动力学的研究进展   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

谭本馗 《气象学报》2008,66(6):870-879

Rossby波是旋转大气和海洋中的一类重要波动,在天气和气候演变中起有重要的作用。该文介绍了北半球中纬度地区的两类重要Rossby波——斜压不稳定波和准定常行星波,在最近20余年来取得的一些重要研究进展。文中涉及的主要研究领域有:斜压不稳定波包动力学、湿斜压过程对斜压不稳定波的作用、北半球风暴轴动力学、斜压波包与高影响天气的预报、准定常行星波的形成机理、准定常行星波的水平传播与能量频散、准定常行星波的垂直传播与能量频散、三维准定常行星波的传播与能量频散。  相似文献