利用高频天波返回散射反演电离层水平不均匀结构   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

冯静  倪彬彬  赵正予  柳文  蔚娜  娄鹏 《地球物理学报》2016,59(9):3135-3147

高频天波返回散射探测作为重要的电离层探测手段,能够实现遥远区域电离层空间上的连续监测,探测获取的返回散射扫频电离图显示了探测频率-群路径-回波能量三者之间的关系.由于电离图包含了探测路径上的电离层状态信息,通过对其反演可以实时获取大面积范围的电离层参数.本文提出了一种基于解空间约束的返回散射前沿反演算法,能够重构电离层水平不均匀结构.针对反演非线性问题,采用Newton-Kontorovich方法进行求解,同时又引入了求解不适定问题的Tikhonov正则化方法,有益于解的稳定性和唯一性.利用模拟数据和实测数据分别对本文建立的算法进行了验证,并与Fridman和Fridman于1994年提出的反演方法进行了对比.结果表明,本文算法反演结果稳定,对返回散射前沿判读误差不敏感,与Fridman和Fridman 1994年方法相比,本文方法对电离层局部精细结构反演更加准确,具有较高的反演精度.本文提出的算法不但能够反演白天和夜间这种电离层较平稳时期的电离层状态,而且对于日出/日落时段等电子浓度分布变化较快情形下的电离层,也有很好的反演效果,表明了该算法在处理复杂多变的实际探测的返回散射电离图中的应用价值.  相似文献   

The utilization of the double focal transformation for sparse data representation and data reconstruction          下载免费PDF全文

H. Kutscha  D.J. Verschuur 《Geophysical Prospecting》2016,64(6):1498-1515

In many cases, seismic measurements are coarsely sampled in at least one dimension. This leads to aliasing artefacts and therefore to problems in the subsequent processing steps. To avoid this, seismic data reconstruction can be applied in advance. The success and reliability of reconstruction methods are dependent on the assumptions they make on the data. In many cases, wavefields are assumed to (locally) have a linear space–time behaviour. However, field data are usually complex, with strongly curved events. Therefore, in this paper, we propose the double focal transformation as an efficient way for complex data reconstruction. Hereby, wavefield propagation is formulated as a transformation, where one‐way propagation operators are used as its basis functions. These wavefield operators can be based on a macro velocity model, which allows our method to use prior information in order to make the data decomposition more effective. The basic principle of the double focal transformation is to focus seismic energy along source and receiver coordinates simultaneously. The seismic data are represented by a number of localized events in the focal domain, whereas aliasing noise spreads out. By imposing a sparse solution in the focal domain, aliasing noise is suppressed, and data reconstruction beyond aliasing is achieved. To facilitate the process, only a few effective depth levels need to be included, preferably along the major boundaries in the data, from which the propagation operators can be calculated. Results on 2D and 3D synthetic data illustrate the method's virtues. Furthermore, seismic data reconstruction on a 2D field dataset with gaps and aliased source spacing demonstrates the strength of the double focal transformation, particularly for near‐offset reflections with strong curvature and for diffractions.  相似文献   

Tracking eutrophication in Taihu Lake using the diatom record: potential and problems   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

Xuhui Dong  Helen Bennion  Rick Battarbee  Xiangdong Yang  Handong Yang  Enfeng Liu 《Journal of Paleolimnology》2008,40(1):413-429

Taihu Lake is the third largest freshwater lake in China and has been experiencing eutrophication problems for several decades. Diatoms in short sediment cores from three bays in northern Taihu Lake were studied in addition to 1-year of seasonal phytoplankton samples in order to evaluate the rate and magnitude of nutrient enrichment. The dominant species found in the phytoplankton samples appeared in high percentages in the surface sediment samples, suggesting that the latter faithfully record the modern diatom flora. The diatom preservation status varied among the three cores, while in all cores the preservation deteriorated with sediment depth. Due to the superior diatom preservation in the core from Mashan Bay, the fossil diatom record of this core and an established diatom total phosphorus (TP) transfer function were used to reconstruct the nutrient history of Taihu Lake. Diatom assemblages changed from Aulacoseira-dominated to other eutrophic planktonic species, such as Stephanodiscus minutulus, Cyclostephanos tholiformis, Cyclotella atomus, C. meneghiniana and S. hantzschii in ca. 1980. Diatom-inferred TP concentrations exhibited little change prior to 1980, with values around 50 μg/l. However, after 1980 TP concentrations increased significantly and remained in excess of 100 μg/l, reflecting eutrophication of Taihu Lake. Comparison with TP measurements in the water column from 1988 to 2004, as well as the analogue analysis among fossil and modern samples, demonstrates that the diatom-TP inference model can reliably hindcast past TP concentrations. Therefore, the baseline TP value of about 50 μg/l, can be used as a restoration target for Taihu Lake. However, due to the complexity of this very large, shallow aquatic ecosystem, caution should be exercised when employing the diatom record to track eutrophication. Further studies on the mechanism of diatom distribution, evolution and preservation are recommended for Taihu Lake.  相似文献   

呼伦湖水位、盐度变化(1961-2002年)   总被引：14，自引：5，他引：9  

李翀  马巍  史晓新  廖文根 《湖泊科学》2006,18(1):13-20

为重建水文资料缺乏的呼伦湖流域的水文、水质序列,本研究基于长期的气象观测记录,采用彭曼公式估计了湖泊的水面蒸发,并建立一个两参数月水量平衡模型模拟湖周的入流,通过水量平衡计算．建立了42年(1961-2002)的呼伦湖区水量变化序列,并模拟了湖泊月水量、水位、含盐度的变化．模拟的水位、含盐度变化趋势与实际比较接近,模拟精度较好,其误差在可以接受范围内.所重建的42年呼伦湖区水文、含盐度序列,可为该区域的水资源评价管理、开发利用提供科学依据.  相似文献   

2020年1月19日伽师MS6.4地震灾害损失评估及震害特点分析     

阿里木江·亚力昆  谭明  姚远  张文秀 《内陆地震》2020,34(1):30-39

2020年1月19日新疆伽师发生M S6.4地震,造成1人死亡、2人受伤,各类建(构)筑物、公共服务设施、生命线工程等都遭受不同程度的破坏。按照国家相关标准的原则和方法,通过对本次地震现场震害调查,评估出本次地震造成的总直接经济损失为15.26亿元,灾后恢复重建经费约需20.78亿元,并且分析了本次地震震害特点。这为今后的抗震救灾和灾后重建提供了科学依据。  相似文献   

Building footprint database improvement for 3D reconstruction: A split and merge approach and its evaluation     

Bruno Vallet  Marc Pierrot-DeseillignyDidier Boldo  Mathieu Brédif 《ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing》2011,66(5):732-742

We present a general framework to improve a vectorial building footprint database consisting of a set of 2D polygons. The aim of this improvement is to make the database more proper to subsequent 3D building reconstruction at a large scale. Each polygon is split into several simple polygons guided by a digital elevation model (DEM). We say that this segmentation is vectorial as we produce segmentations that intrinsically have simple polygonal shapes, instead of doing a raster segmentation of the DEM within the polygon then trying to simplify it in a vectorization step. The method is based on a Mumford and Shah like energy functional characterizing the quality of the segmentation. We simplify the problem by imposing that the segmentation edges have directions present in the input polygon over which the DEM is defined. We evaluate the validity of the proposed method on a very large dataset and discuss its pros and cons based on this evaluation.  相似文献   

山体表面重构数值反演的同伦算法          下载免费PDF全文

窦以鑫  韩波 《地球物理学报》2011,54(7):1893-1899

本文主要研究山体表面重构过程.山体表而重构主要包括地球内部热流变化和地球表面运动规律两个过程,是三维对流扩散方程和二维山体表面运动方程的耦合,求解十分困难.为了模拟山体表面重构过程,还要对耦合方程进行反演研究,是一个大尺度非线性优化问题.为了克服对于初值的强烈依赖和非线性优化中存在的多极值难点,我们将同伦反演算法应用到...  相似文献   

Automatic extraction of building roofs using LIDAR data and multispectral imagery     

《ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing》2013

Automatic 3D extraction of building roofs from remotely sensed data is important for many applications including city modelling. This paper proposes a new method for automatic 3D roof extraction through an effective integration of LIDAR (Light Detection And Ranging) data and multispectral orthoimagery. Using the ground height from a DEM (Digital Elevation Model), the raw LIDAR points are separated into two groups. The first group contains the ground points that are exploited to constitute a ‘ground mask’. The second group contains the non-ground points which are segmented using an innovative image line guided segmentation technique to extract the roof planes. The image lines are extracted from the grey-scale version of the orthoimage and then classified into several classes such as ‘ground’, ‘tree’, ‘roof edge’ and ‘roof ridge’ using the ground mask and colour and texture information from the orthoimagery. During segmentation of the non-ground LIDAR points, the lines from the latter two classes are used as baselines to locate the nearby LIDAR points of the neighbouring planes. For each plane a robust seed region is thereby defined using the nearby non-ground LIDAR points of a baseline and this region is iteratively grown to extract the complete roof plane. Finally, a newly proposed rule-based procedure is applied to remove planes constructed on trees. Experimental results show that the proposed method can successfully remove vegetation and so offers high extraction rates.  相似文献   

An update on automatic 3D building reconstruction   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Norbert Haala  Martin Kada   《ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing》2010,65(6):570-580

The development of tools for the generation of 3D city models started almost two decades ago. From the beginning, fully automatic reconstruction systems were envisioned to fulfil the need for efficient data collection. However, research on automatic city modelling is still a very active area. The paper will review a number of current approaches in order to comprehensively elaborate the state of the art of reconstruction methods and their respective principles. Originally, automatic city modelling only aimed at polyhedral building objects, which mainly reflects the respective roof shapes and building footprints. For this purpose, airborne images or laser scans are used. In addition to these developments, the paper will also review current approaches for the generation of more detailed facade geometries from terrestrial data collection.  相似文献   

Geological Database for Plate Tectonic Reconstruction: A Conceptual Model     

Ping WANG  Shaofeng LIU 《《地质学报》英文版》2019,93(Z3):66-69

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