山西运城盆地地下水资源开发利用的初步研究     

Li Shizhong 《地球科学》1986,(2)

运城盆地存在的主要水文地质问题如下:第一查明地下水资源数量,解决区域下降漏斗;其二本区水资源不足,提引黄河水作补充水源时,要防治引黄灌溉中造成的盐渍化;第三设计排水方案时,必需考虑盐湖资源的形成和保护。以上问题是相互联系相互制约的。本文对上述问题提出解决的途径。  相似文献   

Identification of aquifer parameters from residual drawdowns: an optimization approach     

《水文科学杂志》2013,58(6):1139-1148

Abstract

An optimization method based on nonlinear least squares is proposed for the identification of aquifer transmissivity and two storage coefficients, one for the pumping phase and the other for the recovery phase, using only residual drawdowns at an observation well. The method is applicable irrespective of whether pumping and recovery storage coefficients are the same or are different and the argument of well function during recovery is less than or greater than 0.01. The method can check for the changed value of storage coefficient during the recovery phase and can quantify this change. Use of the method is illustrated through examples, which show that the parameters are estimated reliably.  相似文献   

三峡支流澎溪河消落带落干初期N₂O释放与反硝化特征初探     

张曾宇  李哲  方芳  郭劲松  高红涛  冯婧  刘静 《湖泊科学》2014,26(6):923-930

水库近岸湿地(消落带)土壤N2O释放和反硝化作用是消落带氮的生物地球化学过程的重要组成部分.以三峡水库支流澎溪河高阳平湖库湾消落带为研究对象,于2013年落干初期,采用C2H2抑制-原状土柱培养法研究该处自然植被恢复区、农耕区和对照组等不同土地类型土壤的N2O释放速率和反硝化速率,并测定了土壤p H值、氧化还原电位、温度、有机质、总氮、铵态氮、硝态氮和土壤孔隙含水量等环境指标.结果表明,自然植被恢复区土壤N2O释放速率为9.88±6.49 g N/(hm2·d),反硝化速率为58.94±52.84 g N/(hm2·d);农耕区土壤N2O释放速率和反硝化速率分别为7.71±4.44和30.70±25.68 g N/(hm2·d).不同土地类型间N2O释放速率差异显著,落干初期土壤氧含量、含水量及氮含量对不同土地类型N2O释放和反硝化作用影响明显.土壤氧含量的升高促进了自然植被恢复区的N2O释放,并在一定程度上抑制了该区域反硝化作用.农耕区土壤含水量高于自然植被恢复区,可能致使N2O释放速率低于自然植被恢复区,而反硝化速率高于自然植被恢复区.消落带土壤氮含量降低同反硝化速率降低有一定联系.  相似文献   

间断性阶梯抽水试验求解水文地质参数解析法   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0       下载免费PDF全文

滕凯 《水文》2017,37(2):59-63

针对利用间断性阶梯流量抽水试验资料求解水文地质参数采用试算法、特殊标准曲线比对法及线性回归法等存在的计算过程繁复、人为误差难免、图表束缚严重等问题,采用优化拟合方法,在工程适应参数范围内,通过对以级数表示的泰斯井函数的简单函数替代,并依据抽水试验降深时间关系曲线上的选点,采用降深比值法,经对间断性阶梯流量抽水井流函数的整理推导,获得了可直接完成相关水文地质参数求解的一元二次方程,求解过程简捷直观,便于实际工程应用。精度分析表明,在工程适用参数范围内,最大相对误差小于2%,完全满足实际工程的计算精度要求。  相似文献   

堤外水位升降条件下非稳定渗流模型试验研究     

詹美礼  踪金梁  严飞  罗玉龙  盛金昌 《岩土力学》2012,33(Z1):91-96

建立堤坝饱和-非饱和渗流测试系统,对在水位骤升和水位骤降条件下堤坝进行试验研究。主要测试堤坝模型内各点的非饱和基质吸力,同时观察记录试验过程中实验室内的气温和湿度,探讨水位升降条件下非饱和区负压的变化规律及其影响因素。研究发现,堤坝模型中各点的吸力不仅与水位变化、各点所处的位置有关,同时也受大气温度、湿度、蒸发等外界环境因素的影响;水位变化因素占优还是蒸发因素占优,决定着堤坝非饱和区负压的变化发展方向  相似文献   

库水位升降作用下大型堆积体边坡变形破坏预测     

董金玉  杨继红  孙文怀  黄志全  王东  杨国香 《岩土力学》2011,32(6):1774-1780

库岸边坡的变形破坏及稳定性研究是目前国内外研究的热点之一。基于水电站库区一大型堆积体边坡,通过现场原位直剪试验获取岩土体的力学参数,利用岩土数值分析FLAC3D软件,考虑了堆积体与基岩基覆接触带介质的应变软化特性,对水库蓄水和下降过程中边坡的变形破坏特征进行了分析预测。结果表明,在库水升降作用下变形主要发生在堆积体内部;根据堆积体的变形特征可分为3个区：前缘牵引变形区,变形量最大;中间过渡区,变形量最小;后缘被牵引变形区,变形量介于前缘和中间之间。模拟过程中,在坡体的不同位置设置位移监测点,得到了蓄水和水位下降过程中各监测点的位移时程曲线,监测结果显示,水位下降时堆积体前缘易形成局部失稳。通过剪应变增量判断堆积体边坡在库水作用下可形成2个潜在的滑动破坏面  相似文献   

地下水位变化对透—阻型岩溶塌陷影响的分析     

陶小虎  赵坚  Xiaoming Wang  Ming Ye  Roger Benito Pacheco Castro 《中国岩溶》2017,36(6):777-785

文章从一维地下水运动和渗透力学的角度,分析比较潜水位上升与承压水位下降对岩溶地区透—阻型盖层中阻水层渗透稳定性的影响,重点讨论了承压水位下降速度(降速)与下降深度（降深）对阻水层中渗透坡降的影响,结果表明:地下水位变化（潜水位上升或承压水位下降）产生的非稳定渗流不利于岩溶洞穴开口上方阻水层的稳定,承压水位的下降对岩溶开口附近处阻水层中渗透力的影响远大于潜水位的变化;在承压层水位最大降深确定的条件下,承压水位下降速度愈快,岩溶开口附近处阻水层中向下渗透力愈大。因此,在覆盖型岩溶地区抽取地下水时,为了减缓或避免覆盖型塌陷的发生,应同时控制好最大降深和最大开采速度。   相似文献   

The impact of well drawdowns on the mixing process of river water and groundwater and water quality in a riverside well field,Northeast China     

Yaguang Zhu  Yuanzheng Zhai  Qingqing Du  Yanguo Teng  Jinsheng Wang  Guang Yang 《水文研究》2019,33(6):945-961

Riverbank filtration (RBF) has been widely used throughout the world as an effective means to regulate surface water and groundwater resources and pretreat raw water for municipal water supply. The quality of the water from a riverside well field and the mixing ratios of surface water and groundwater is primarily impacted by the hydrodynamic processes in the RBF system. The RBF system is largely controlled by the water exploiting system in addition to the natural hydrologic condition of the river–aquifer system. As one of the most important design parameters of the riverside well field, the drawdown of groundwater level greatly determines the water head differences between the river water and groundwater as well as the field flow net, which subsequently impacts the mixing of river water and groundwater and water quality significantly. This study aimed to improve the understanding of the mixing process between the surface water and groundwater and estimate the impact of the RBF on the mixing ratio of surface water–groundwater and water quality quantitatively. A set of field pumping tests with various groundwater level drawdowns were carried out independently and successively at a riverside field with a single pumping well near the Songhua River in Northeast China in August 2017. During these tests, the water levels and hydrochemical parameters of the Songhua River, the adjacent aquifer, and the pumping well were monitored. The dynamic mixing process of the river water and groundwater and water quality under various drawdown conditions were analysed systematically using analytical methods. The results obtained from Dupuit method and the Mirror Image method in conjunction with the Hydrochemical Tracing method showed that the pumping water directly from the river water reached 60% ± 10% after a steady flow net was established. The larger the proportion of the pumping water captured from the river, the better quality of the pumping water was, because the quality of the river water (only limited to some water quality parameters monitored which were minority) was better than that of the groundwater. The results also showed that total Fe, TDS, total hardness, COD_Mn, and K⁺ were relatively sensitive to the changes of groundwater drawdown, and their concentrations decreased with an increase in the groundwater drawdown. It can be concluded that both the mixing ratio of the surface water and the groundwater and the water quality of the riverside well field can be regulated through adjusting the designed drawdown of the groundwater level, which is helpful for the design and the optimization of the riverside well water intake engineering.  相似文献   

Influence of hydropower outflow characteristics on riverbank stability: case of the lower Osage River (Missouri,USA)   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Wesam Mohammed-Ali  Cesar Mendoza  Robert R. Holmes Jr. 《水文科学杂志》2020,65(10):1784-1793

ABSTRACT

This research examined the influences of outflow characteristics affecting riverbank stability. The 130-km stretch of the Lower Osage River downstream from Bagnell Dam (Missouri, USA) provided an excellent case study for this purpose. The integrated BSTEM model with the HEC-RAS model was accurately calibrated and validated with data from the US Geological Survey. Then, the outflow characteristics (peak flow duration, flow drawdown rate, and low flow duration) were investigated individually. The results of this study showed that: (1) riverbank stability is little affected by the duration time of the peak flow, especially on the reaches far from the dam; (2) sudden flow drawdown significantly reduces riverbank stability; however, the impact of the drawdown rate decreases with distance from the dam; and (3) the duration of the low flow after peak flow influences the riverbank stability value proportional to the distance from the dam. The time of low flow before failure increases as the distance from the dam increases.  相似文献   

Unsteady Drawdown at a Partially Penetrating Well in a Transversely Isotropic Artesian Aquifer     

D. Babu Rao  Gabor M. Karadi  Raymond J. Krizek 《Ground water》1973,11(6):44-49

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