华北一次强对流暴雨的湿位涡诊断分析     

高万泉  周伟灿  李玉娥 《辽宁气象》2011,(1):1-6

应用常规地面观测资料、区域加密站降水资料、NCEP再分析资料（水平分辨率为1°×1°,时间间隔为6 h）,对2009年6月8日发生在华北的一次强对流暴雨过程的湿位涡场进行了诊断分析。结果表明：湿位涡的分布对强对流暴雨的发生、落区有较强的指示性作用,MPV1＂正负值区垂直叠加＂的配置是强对流暴雨发生、发展的有利形势。暴雨出现在850 hPa上MPV、MPV1、MPV2正负值过渡带附近,是对流不稳定与斜压不稳定相结合的地区。θse等值线接近垂直的地区有利于垂直涡度的增长,亦有利于强降水发生。  相似文献   

呼和浩特市一次大暴雨天气的湿位涡诊断分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

赵艳丽  王秀萍  杨彩云  杜文娟 《内蒙古气象》2011,(2):9-12

对1998年7月12日发生在呼和浩特地区的大暴雨天气过程进行了湿位涡初步诊断分析。结果表明:湿位涡在暴雨预报中具有较好的指示性,当对流层低层MPVl<0,同时MPV2>0时,暴雨易发生。从500hPa到对流层中高层,在切变线的附近有一个大的湿位涡正值中心,各层中心的位置基本相对应,从中层到高层略向北倾,越到高层中心值越大。强降水位于低层湿位涡高值区东北侧正位涡较小的地区,并与位涡斜压部分的负值中心相对应,随着斜压负值中心强度的增强,暴雨加强。  相似文献   

An East Asian Subtropical Summer Monsoon Index Defined by Moist Potential Vorticity   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

丛宽  毕云 《热带气象学报(英文版)》2011,17(1):11-17

Based on consideration of both thermodynamic and kinetic features of the subtropical summer monsoon in East Asia,a new index is defined by the moist potential vorticity (MPV) for this monsoon.Variation features of the subtropical summer monsoon over 60 years are analyzed using National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (USA) data from 1948 to 2007.Results show that the new index can well reflect the seasonal,interannual,and interdecadal variations of the East Asian subtropical summer monsoon.Correlation analysis of the new index and precipitation data from 160 stations in China shows that in high-index years,the summer monsoon is strong,and more rain falls in eastern North China,southwestern China,and along the coast of South China and less rain falls in the Yangtze-Huaihe R.basin.In low-index years,the opposite occurs.Lastly,the new index is compared with four established monsoon indices.The new index is found to have an advantage in representing summer rainfall in the Yangtze-Huaihe R.basin.  相似文献   

A diagnostic analysis of the weakening of West Pacific subtropical anticyclone during the period of South China Sea summer monsoon onset in 1998     

黄辰洁  蓝光东  徐敏贞  陈训来  王安宇  吴池胜 《热带气象学报(英文版)》2011,17(2):147-155

The onset of South China Sea summer monsoon in 1998 occurred on May 21st. Using the U.S. National Centers for Environmental Prediction reanalysis data, this paper examines the physical process of the weakening of a subtropical anticyclone in West Pacific during the onset period using the Zwack-Okossi vorticity equation. Results show that during the pre-onset period, the positive vorticity advection in front of an upper tropospheric trough was the most dominant physical mechanism for the increase of the cyclonic vorticity on the 850-hPa layer over the South China Sea and its nearby region. The secondary contribution to the increase of the cyclonic vorticity was the warm-air advection. After the onset, the magnitude of the latent-heat warming term rapidly increased and its effect on the increase of the cyclonic vorticity was about the same as the positive-vorticity advection. The adiabatic term and divergence term contributed negatively to the increase of the cyclonic vorticity most of the time. Thus, the positive vorticity advection is the most important physical mechanism for the weakening of the West Pacific subtropical anticyclone over the South China Sea during the onset period.  相似文献   

2010年浙南地区一次暴雨过程诊断分析   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4       下载免费PDF全文

曹楚  王忠东 《气象与环境科学》2011,34(4):46-51

利用常规观测资料、中尺度自动站加密资料、多普勒雷达资料和NCEP1°×1°再兮析资料．对2010年5周8曲日发生在浙南的一次暴雨过程进行了诊断分析,结果发现：此次暴雨是在横槽转竖的大背景下,西风槽和高原槽东移合并加强,并在东移过程中与低层切变共同作用造成的;低空急流的形成在水汽的输送和聚集过程中发挥了重要作用;暴雨过程...  相似文献   

On the Significance and Use of the Generalized Moist Potential Vorticity Equation          下载免费PDF全文

FU Shen-Ming  SUN Jian-Hua 《大气和海洋科学快报》2011,4(3):131-135

In this paper,the continuity and thermodynamic equations including moisture forcings were derived.Using these two equations and the basic momentum equation of local Cartesian coordinates,the budget equation of generalized moist potential vorticity(GMPV) was derived.The GMPV equation is a good generalization of the Ertel potential vorticity(PV) and moist potential vorticity(MPV) equations.The GMPV equation is conserved under adiabatic,frictionless,barotropic,or saturated atmospheric conditions,and it is closely associated with the horizontal frontogenesis and stability of the real atmosphere.A real case study indicates that term diabatic heating could be a useful diagnostic tool for heavy rainfall events.  相似文献   

Geostrophic Adjustment Problems in a Polar Basin     

Maria V. Luneva  Andrew J. Willmott  Miguel Angel Morales Maqueda 《大气与海洋》2013,51(2):134-155

The geostrophic adjustment of a homogeneous fluid in a circular basin with idealized topography is addressed using a numerical ocean circulation model and analytical process models. When the basin is rotating uniformly, the adjustment takes place via excitation of boundary propagating waves and when topography is present, via topographic Rossby waves. In the numerically derived solution, the waves are damped because of bottom friction, and a quasi-steady geostrophically balanced state emerges that subsequently spins-down on a long time scale. On the f-plane, numerical quasi-steady state solutions are attained well before the system's mechanical energy is entirely dissipated by friction. It is demonstrated that the adjusted states emerging in a circular basin with a step escarpment or a top hat ridge, centred on a line of symmetry, are equivalent to that in a uniform depth semicircular basin, for a given initial condition. These quasi-steady solutions agree well with linear analytical solutions for the latter case in the inviscid limit.

On the polar plane, the high latitude equivalent to the β-plane, no quasi-steady adjusted state emerges from the adjustment process. At intermediate time scales, after the fast Poincaré and Kelvin waves are damped by friction, the solutions take the form of steady-state adjusted solutions on the f-plane. At longer time scales, planetary waves control the flow evolution. An interesting property of planetary waves on a polar plane is a nearly zero eastward group velocity for the waves with a radial mode higher than two and the resulting formation of eddy-like small-scale barotropic structures that remain trapped near the western side of topographic features.

RÉSUMÉ?Traduit par la rédaction] Nous étudions l'ajustement géostrophique d'un fluide homogène dans un bassin circulaire ayant une topographie idéalisée à l'aide d'un modèle numérique de circulation océanique et de modèles analytiques de processus. Quand le bassin est en rotation uniforme, l'ajustement se fait par l'excitation d'ondes de propagation aux limites, et en présence de topographie, par des ondes de Rossby topographiques. Dans la solution numériquement dérivée, les ondes sont amorties à cause frottement contre le fond, et un état quasi-stable géostrophiquement équilibré s’établit pour ensuite décélérer sur une longue période de temps. Sur le plan f, les solutions numériques d’états quasi-stables sont atteintes bien avant que l’énergie du système mécanique soit entièrement dissipée par le frottement. Nous démontrons que les états ajustés apparaissant dans un bassin circulaire avec un accore en forme de marche ou une crête en forme de merlon, centrés sur une ligne de symétrie, sont équivalents à ceux d'un bassin semi-circulaire de profondeur uniforme pour une condition initiale donnée. Les solutions quasi-stables s'accordent bien avec les solutions analytiques linéaires pour le dernier cas dans la limite de la non-viscosité.

Sur le plan polaire, la haute latitude équivalente au plan β, le processus d'ajustement n'aboutit à aucun état ajusté quasi-stable. Aux échelles de temps intermédiaires, après l'amortissement des ondes rapides de Poincaré et Kelvin par le frottement, les solutions prennent la forme de solutions ajustées d’états stables sur le plan f. Aux échelles de temps plus longues, les ondes planétaires déterminent l’évolution de l’écoulement. Une propriété intéressante des ondes planétaires sur un plan polaire est une vitesse de groupe presque nulle vers l'est pour les ondes ayant un mode radial plus grand que deux et la formation résultante de structures barotropiques de petite échelle de type remous qui demeurent emprisonnées près du bord ouest des caractéristiques topographiques.  相似文献   

A ‘string function’ for describing the propagation of large-scale potential energy anomalies in a rotating fluid     

R. H. Tyler  R. Käse 《地球物理与天体物理流体动力学》2013,107(1-2):31-64

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冬季黄海暖流西偏机理数值探讨   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

邢传玺  黄大吉 《海洋学报》2010,32(6):1-10

利用海洋数值模式(MITgcm)模拟了冬季黄海流场并对冬季黄海暖流西偏的机理进行了探讨。冬季黄海流场模拟试验表明,黄海暖流由济州岛以西约32.5°N,125°E附近进入黄海,然后沿着黄海深槽西侧70 m等深线附近向北偏西运动;海面高度调整对黄海暖流路径具有重要影响,沿着黄海暖流路径的海面高度梯度比周围海区大,由海面高度梯度产生的地转流引起的北向体积输运占总的北向体积输运的78%。狭长海湾地形控制试验表明,单纯的黄海地形分布不足以引起黄海暖流西偏。黄海典型断面试验与渤海、黄海、东海地形控制试验说明,黄海暖流进入黄海的地理位置对流场分布有重要影响,黄海暖流进入黄海的位置恰好位于深槽西侧地形坡度较大区域,在位涡守恒的约束下黄海暖流受地形捕获沿70 m等深线附近向北偏西运动;试验还表明,黄海暖流进入黄海的位置与东海北部环流和地形分布有关,在冬季风的作用下东海北部环流的一部分沿着地形陡坡进入黄海形成黄海暖流。由此认为,黄海、东海环流在其特殊地形的约束下对冬季风的响应和调整,是引起黄海暖流西偏的主要原因。  相似文献   

Study on Flow Field Around Vertical Breakwater Under Different Overtopping Conditions Based on Numerical Simulation     

蒋学炼  吴米玲  李炎保 《中国海洋工程》2010,(4)

A numerical wave flume is constructed based on the Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations with turbulence closure by a modified k-ε model to study the viscous interactions of waves with vertical breakwaters for different overtopping cases. The governing equations,the turbulence model,boundary conditions,and solution method for the numerical wave flume are introduced briefly. The reliability of the numerical wave flume is examined by comparing the numerical results with the experimental measurement...  相似文献