排序方式： 共有66条查询结果，搜索用时 15 毫秒
21.
海洋硅藻硅质细胞壁结构的形成机理研究概述 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
硅藻具有形态各异、结构复杂、精美绝伦的硅质细胞壁,是海洋中进行生物硅化最主要的生物体。硅质细胞壁的形成同样是一个错综复杂的过程,它涉及硅藻细胞将硅酸从胞外转运到胞内;硅酸在细胞内的转移;在硅沉积囊泡(SDV)中的浓缩沉积;最后合成具种类特异性的细胞壁。重点介绍硅酸转运基因(SITs)的分子特征与作用机制;与生物硅化相关的三种蛋白即硅体蛋白(frus-tulins)、亲硅蛋白(silaffins)和侧壁蛋白(pleuralins)的结构与功能;硅质结构如何在硅沉积囊泡内最终形成的模式。 相似文献
22.
The toxicity and bioaccumulation of selenite in four microalgae, Spirulina platensis,Dunaliella salina, DunalieUa bardawill and Phaeodactylum tricornutum cultured in the presence of selenite were investigated. Lower concentrations of selenite were generally nontoxic and frequently stimulated algal growth, while higher concentrations of selenite inhibited algal growth. Selenite was more toxic to D. salina and D. bardawill than to S. platensis and P. tricornutum. All algae cultured in selenite were able to incorporate Se to different degrees, which depended on algal species. The distributions of selenite among intracellular macromolecular compounds were different among algal species : most of the selenite was associated with proteins in S. platensis, D. salina and D. bardawill, while most of the selenite was associated with lipids in P. tricornutum, which reflected the physiological differences among the algae. These observations suggest that algae are able to accumulate selenite and bind it with intracell~ar macromolecular compounds when exposed to high concentration of selenite. This may represent a form of storage or detoxification of selenite by the algae. 相似文献
23.
海洋无脊椎动物和细菌间的化能合成共生作用的发现,改变了人们对深海热液口初级生产力主要来源的认知.近年的研究表明,营化能合成共生的动物隶属于纤毛门、软体动物门、环节动物门和节肢动物门;其中无脊椎动物作为宿主在与共生菌的长期共生过程中,伴随着部分器官和功能的退化或消失,逐渐形成和演化出了与此相适应的形态结构,并产生了一些特殊的行为;在深海热液口发现的所有化能合成共生菌都属于革兰氏阴性菌,它们的宿主大致可以分为2个群体;通过16 SrRNA基因编码分析,不同代谢类型的共生菌在系统发育中通常处于不同分支,形态也有所差异;共生菌独特的传播方式和进化模式也使其更加适应共生生活;由无脊椎动物和化能合成细菌构成的共生体系与环境相互作用,影响了深海热液口生态系统的演化.对共生菌蛋白质及代谢组学的研究,以及对宿主生理和代谢机制的研究将成为未来热液口化能合成共生作用研究的新热点. 相似文献
24.
本研究于2020年7月在大亚湾及大鹏半岛沿岸开展造礁石珊瑚的分布、覆盖率、死亡率、硬珊瑚补充量和物种多样性调查。结果表明：24个站位共发现造礁石珊瑚9科17属44种以及5个未定种,其中裸肋珊瑚科的种类最多,有7属27种,其次为鹿角珊瑚科和滨珊瑚科,均有2属6种;中央列岛沿岸造礁石珊瑚平均覆盖率为12.0%,三门岛沿岸平均覆盖率为12.9%,大鹏半岛沿岸平均覆盖率为5.2%;以坚实滨珊瑚（Porites solida）、翼形蔷薇珊瑚（Montipora peltiformis）、五边角蜂巢珊瑚（Favites pentagona）和多孔同星珊瑚（Plesiastrea versipora）等为优势种;造礁石珊瑚物种多样性较高。与历史数据相比,大亚湾及大鹏半岛沿岸造礁石珊瑚退化严重,活珊瑚覆盖率锐减,优势种由分支状珊瑚逐步转变为皮壳状或亚团块状珊瑚。此外,本研究构建了近岸造礁石珊瑚生态脆弱性评价体系,并对目前大亚湾及大鹏半岛沿岸造礁石珊瑚进行了生态脆弱性评价。结果显示,中央列岛、三门岛和大鹏半岛东侧海域造礁石珊瑚处于低或中脆弱状态;较场尾、杨梅坑、西冲和大鹏半岛西侧海域造礁石珊瑚处于高或很高脆弱状态,在环境压力影响下其受损可能性较高。在海水养殖、渔业捕捞、滨海旅游和船舶航行等日益频繁的人类活动下,大亚湾及大鹏半岛沿岸造礁石珊瑚整体处于中高脆弱状态,建议加强珊瑚礁监测,并采取相应的保护措施。 相似文献
25.
Benthic diatoms constitute the primary diet of abalone during their early stages of development. To evaluate the dietary preferences of early post-larval abalone, Haliotis diversicolor supertexta, we analyzed the gut contents of post-larvae that settled on diatom films. We compared the abundance and species diversity of diatom assemblages in the gut to those of the epiphytic diatom assemblages on the attachment films, and identified 40 benthic diatom species in the gut contents of post-larvae 12 to 24 d after settlement. The most abundant taxa in the gut contents were Navicula spp., Amphora copulate, and Amphora coffeaeformis. Navicula spp. accounted for 64.0% of the cell density. In the attachment films, we identified 110 diatom species belonging to 38 genera. Pennate diatoms were the dominant members including the species Amphiprora alata, Cocconeis placentula var. euglypta, Cylindrotheca closterium, Navicula sp. 2, and A. coffeaeformis. Nano-diatoms (<20 μm in length) accounted for a considerable proportion of the total species number and cell density of the diatom assemblages in the gut contents and on the films. This suggests that nano-diatoms are important to the efficient production of abalone seed. The difference of the composition and abundance of diatoms between in the guts and on the biofilms suggests that early post-larval grazing was selective. An early post-larval abalone preferred nano-diatoms and the genera Navicula and Amphora during the month after settlement. 相似文献
26.
Relationships between phytoplankton community composition and environmental variables in the East China Sea (ECS) and Yellow Sea (YS) were investigated using geochemical and molecular microbiology methods. The diversity of phytoplankton was characterized using cultivation-independent PCR-based denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE). Groups resulting from unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic averages clustering of the DGGE profiles showed good consistency with the eco-environmental characteristics of the sea area they belonged to. Additionally, the clustering results based on DGGE fingerprinting and those based on morphological compositions were practically identical. The relationship of phytoplankton diversity to environmental factors was statistically analyzed. Temperature, dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN), and silicate-Si were found significantly related to the phytoplankton community composition. Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) was performed to reveal the relationship between community composition and these three environmental factors. Generally, values of the ECS are clearly separated from those of the YS in the CCA biplot, due to mainly the effect of temperature and DIN. 相似文献
27.
海洋球石藻研究进展 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
海洋球石藻是一类生活于海洋中的微型浮游植物 ,基本都是单细胞结构。它是海洋中初级生产者的组成部分。另外 ,球石藻是全球分布的种类 ,尤其是在副极地较高纬度海区 ,更是优势种类 ,每年都会发生无数次水华 ,由于球石藻外覆由特殊构造和成分构成的球石粒 ,因此它的水华能够对周围环境产生诸多重要影响 :首先 ,球石粒的反光作用 ,使海水温度下降而使空气升温 ,改变环境条件 ,影响周围生物的正常生活 ;其次 ,由于球石粒的主要成分是碳酸钙 ,在它的产生过程中伴随着二氧化碳的生成 ,方程式是 :２ＨＣＯ -+Ｃａ２ +＝ＣａＣＯ３+Ｈ２Ｏ +ＣＯ２… 相似文献
28.
三十烷醇对极大螺旋藻生物量及生化组成的影响 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
在Zarrouk液体培养基中加入1g/m3液体三十烷醇(LTA),极大螺旋藻(Spirulina maxima)的生物量增加了24.6%~25.7%,即使在碳源NaHCO3减半(实验组2)的条件下生物量仍增加了4.43%~4.92%;碳水化合物含量增加了11.9%~16.0%,在实验组2条件下也增加5.7%~8.3%;叶绿素增加率为45.8%~63.3%;蛋白质总量基本不变,但水溶性蛋白的含量明显增加,从对照组的36%增长至实验组的60%左右,而水不溶性蛋白的含量则明显从30%左右减至10%左右.从螺旋藻生产基地的中试培养结果看,加入1g/m3液体三十烷醇,生物量提高了39.76%,比在实验室条件下获得更好的增产效果,但加入固体三十烷醇(STA)反而减少12%.以上结果表明,在极大螺旋藻培养基中添加液体三十烷醇可大幅度提高生物量和生化组成的含量. 相似文献
29.
赤潮毒藻塔玛亚历山大藻研究进展 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
塔玛亚历山大藻(Alexandrium tamarense)是一种可产生麻痹性贝毒素(PSP)的海洋甲藻,其适应能力强、生存范围广,在中国北至胶州湾、南至厦门海域[1]和大鹏湾[2]都有发现,并有发生赤潮的记录,是重要的赤潮原因生物之一。其所产生的麻痹性贝毒素在一定条件下可通过食物链在鱼类、贝类等生物体内蓄积,对生物甚至人类产生危害,成为影响水产品食用安全的重要因素。同时,海洋生物毒素的高特异性、高活性特征,成为现代研究海洋药物的开发热点。因此,对塔玛亚历山大藻的研究有着重要的现实意义。作者主要综述塔玛亚历山大藻近年来的研究进展。1塔玛… 相似文献
30.