Mutual replacement reactions in alkali feldspars II: trace element partitioning and geothermometry     

Ian Parsons  Charles W. Magee  Charlotte M. Allen  J. M. G. Shelley  Martin R. Lee 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》2009,157(5):663-687

Perthitic alkali feldspar primocrysts in layered syenites in the Klokken intrusion in South Greenland, underwent dissolution–reprecipitation reactions in a circulating post-magmatic aqueous fluid at ~450°C, and are to a large degree pseudomorphs. These ‘mutual replacement’ reactions provide a perfect natural experiment with which to study trace element partitioning between sodium and potassium feldspars growing simultaneously. The reactant ‘phase’ was a cryptoperthitic feldspar consisting of low albite and low microcline in a coherent sub-μm ‘braid’ intergrowth and the product phases were ‘strain-free’ incoherent subgrains of low albite and low microcline forming microporous patch perthites on scales up to 200 μm. The driving force for the reaction was reduction of coherency strain energy. The mechanisms of this process are described in Part I. Five mixed braid perthite–patch perthite crystals were analysed for major and trace elements using laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry with a 19 μm beam diameter. This gave bulk analyses of the braid texture, which were in the range Ab_73–54Or_45–27An_4.3–0.8, but could resolve Ab- and Or-rich patches in patch perthite. The major element bulk compositions of the crystals were retained during the replacement reactions. Major components in patches plot on tielines in the Ab–Or–An ternary system that pass through or very close to the parent braid perthite composition and indicate local equilibrium on the scale of a few tens of mm. Many trace elements, including REE, were lost to the fluid during the deuteric reactions, but the effect is large only for Fe and Ti. Cs, Pb and Sr were added to some crystals. Plots of log distribution coefficient D for Rb, Ba, Pb, Eu²⁺, La and Ce between Or- and Ab-rich patches against ionic radius are straight lines, assuming eightfold coordination, and to a first approximation are independent of ionic charge. K also lies on these lines, and the smaller ions Na and Ca lie close to them. The best linear fits were obtained using ionic radii for ^[8]K and ^[8]Ca, but there is ambiguity as to whether ^[7]Na or ^[5]Na is most appropriate. The linear relationship shows that the listed trace elements are in the feldspar M-site rather than in inclusions. Tl is in M although an exact D could not be obtained. The very large Cs ion partitions strongly into the Or-rich phase but its D value appears to be less than predicted by extrapolation. The near-linearity arises because partitioning is occurring between two solids into sites which have similar Young’s moduli, so that the parabolas that normally represent trace element partitioning between crystals and liquids (which have negligible shear strength) approximately cancel out. Ga and Be are in T-sites, as well as some of the Fe and Ti present, although part is in oxide inclusions. The site of Sc is unclear, but if structural it is likely to be T. Partitioning on M-sites is a potential geothermometer but because the effective size of the irregular M-site is defined by its K and (Na + Ca) contents, which are controlled by ternary solvus relationships, its calibration is not independent of conventional two-feldspar geothermometers. Trace elements may however provide a useful means of confirming that feldspar pairs are in equilibrium, and of recognising feldspar intergrowths produced by non-isochemical replacement rather than exsolution. Two-feldspar geothermometry for the ternary phases in the low-albite microcline patch perthites gives temperatures above the stability range of microcline, markedly so if a correction is made for Si–Al ordering. This is probably because current geothermometers are too sensitive to low concentrations of An in ordered Or-rich feldspars. This interpretation is supported by two-feldspar assemblages growing at known temperatures in geothermal systems and sedimentary basins. This paper and the earlier Part I are dedicated in the memory of J. V. Smith and W. L. Brown, both of whom died in 2007, in acknowledgement of their unrivalled contributions to the study of the feldspar minerals over more than half a century. An erratum to this article can be found at  相似文献   

黑龙江伊春地区晚三叠世—早侏罗世铝质A型正长-碱长花岗岩地球化学特征及其构造意义   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8  

韩振哲  赵海玲  王盘喜  杨霄  牛延宏  赵寒冬 《岩石矿物学杂志》2009,28(2):97-108

黑龙江伊春地区晚三叠世-早侏罗世正长-碱长花岗岩的岩石学和主、微量元素及同位素分析结果表明,岩石中大多含有高温自形或锥形石英、副矿物萤石和文象结构、晶洞构造等;岩石化学特征上具有高硅、富碱和低钙镁、偏铝质-过铝质特点,稀土元素配分模式呈轻稀土元素略微富集的、缓向右倾斜而重稀土元素较为平坦、铕亏损的海鸥型,富集高场强元素(HFS)Zr和Ga,亏损Ba、Sr、Eu等;岩石中的石英包裹体均一温度为750～950℃,具有高温岩浆浅成被动就位的特征.岩石富SiO2、K2O、Al2O3,δ18O值为5.1‰～10.3‰,属正常略偏低δ18O值花岗岩类;ISr值较高、εNd值较低,暗示了其源区物质来源主要与古老下地壳变质基底物质有关,并涉及到一定程度的壳幔岩浆混合作用.综合这些特征,首次提出伊春地区晚三叠世-早侏罗世正长-碱长花岗岩属于铝质A2型花岗岩,这说明此后该地区进入了古亚洲洋最终闭合之后大陆碰撞后跨塌、伸展动力学体制的构造背景.  相似文献   

K‐feldspar alteration to gel material and crystallization of glauconitic peloids with berthierine in Cretaceous marine sediments—sedimentary implications (Prebetic Zone,Betic Cordillera,SE Spain)     

Juan Jimnez‐Milln  Jos M. Castro 《Geological Journal》2008,43(1):19-31

Glauconitic peloids from a Hauterivian condensed level in a hemipelagic unit of the Internal Prebetic (Los Villares Formation, eastern Betic Cordillera) have been studied by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and analytical electron microscopy (AEM). The sediments forming the condensed level are characterized by abundant spherical to ovoid green glauconite peloids with radial cracks. Quartz, feldspar and muscovite are also abundant, whereas calcium phosphate is rarely detected. XRD analysis of the peloids reveals glauconite and small amounts of berthierine. SEM and HRTEM data show feldspar dissolution features, a Si–Al‐rich gel‐like substance filling K‐feldspar micropores and interlayering of well‐crystallized glauconite and berthierine packets. The last stage of the glauconitization process resulted in conversion of the smectitic precursor. Sedimentary and mineralogical features indicate an autochthonous origin for the glauconite. The depositional environment was a distal, hemipelagic ramp on the Southern Iberian Continental Palaeomargin. Low sedimentation rates lead to sediment condensation in a general transgressive context. The margin was affected by extensional tectonics, creating tilted blocks, resulting in lateral facies changes. The dissolution of K‐feldspars probably occurred after their deposition in the marine environment but predating the glauconitization. An influx of meteoric water is therefore required, probably related to subsurface fluxes from adjacent emergent areas (the higher parts of tilted blocks). Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

长石显微变形机制研究进展   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

巴合达尔·巴勒塔别克  赵中宝  王根厚  孙丽静  赵鹏彬 《地质学报》2019,93(10):2678-2697

岩石的变形机制研究一直以来都是构造地质学研究的主题,特别是基于矿物变形的显微构造研究是流变学研究的基础。从近地表到下地壳,岩石的变形从脆性破裂逐渐过渡至韧性蠕变,这些变形过程会被记录在岩石中,形成相应的显微构造。一般来讲,从低温低压至高温高压的变形环境,单一矿物的显微变形机制经历从微破裂、到矿物的溶解-沉淀、到位错蠕变、到动态重结晶作用、到颗粒边界滑移或扩散蠕变等的连续转变,它们之间的转换往往是过渡并且相互影响的,通常也会耦合发生。长石是地壳中含量最丰富的造岩矿物,因此长石的变形行为会直接影响地壳的流变学性质,研究长石的显微变形机制对理解地壳流变学特性至关重要。长石还是一种非常特别的矿物,主要分为斜长石和碱性长石两个端元,由于它们所属晶系的不同,有着差异的变形行为,然而这两个系列的长石在一定的温压条件下又是可以相互转化的,这些物理差异性和化学行为的复杂性造就了长石非常复杂的显微变形特性。本综述从岩石的显微变形机制讲起,随后概述了长石的显微变形特征,尝试归纳不同温度条件下长石的显微变形表现,对比斜长石和钾长石的异同,总结不同显微变形机制对长石结晶学优选方位的影响,最后简单介绍了一下国际上显微变形研究方法和技术的进展。  相似文献   

青藏高原当雄地区方沸石响岩的主要造岩矿物特征: 原生方沸石的证据   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

蒋云  赵珊茸  马昌前  张金阳 《地球科学》2008,33(3):320-328

方沸石响岩是一种罕见的碱性火山岩.采用电子探针、粉晶X射线衍射、扫描电镜、拉曼光谱等研究了青藏高原当雄地区方沸石响岩的主要造岩矿物种属、共生关系和结晶顺序.研究表明, 斑晶由方沸石和长石组成.方沸石为岩浆结晶晚期形成的原生矿物; 长石均发育“次生边”结构, 中央相为斜长石, 边缘相为碱性长石.基质由碱性长石、次透辉石、钛磁铁矿和褐铁矿组成.原生矿物的结晶顺序是: 斑晶长石的中央相→斑晶方沸石+斑晶长石边缘相富钾长石→基质长石→次透辉石→钛磁铁矿和褐铁矿.利用方沸石-熔体平衡估算出方沸石结晶时岩浆的温度和压力条件分别为600~640 ℃和(5~13) ×108 Pa, 考虑到青藏高原当时已形成巨厚地壳, 认为岩浆房存在于地壳深部.   相似文献   

Compositions, Proportions, and Equilibrium Temperature of Coexisting Two-feldspar in Crystalline Rocks     

MA Hongwen  YANG Jing  SU Shuangqing  YAO Wengui 《《地质学报》英文版》2017,91(3):875-881

Compositions, proportions, and equilibrium temperature of coexisting two-feldspar in crystalline rocks are of great importance to classification in petrography and interpretation of petrogenesis. Crystalline rocks are usually composed of 4-6 minerals (phases), depending on their independent chemical components and the equilibrium temperature of crystallizations. In general, number of mineral phases can be determined by the “Phase Rule”. According to the mass balance principle, bulk composition of coexisting two-feldspar could be evaluated from the bulk chemistry of a rock, provided that the compositions of the coexisting mafic mineral phases containing calcium, sodium, and potassium oxides are determined, e.g., by microprobe analysis. The compositions, proportions, and temperature of two-feldspar in equilibrium can thus be simultaneously resolved numerically from bulk composition of the rock, by incorporating the activity/composition relations of the ternary feldspars with the mass balance constraints. Upon the numerical approximation method presented in this paper, better-quality, internally consistent data on feldspar group could usually be obtained, which would be expected more realistic and accurate in consideration of thermodynamic equilibria in the system of crystalline rocks, as well as bulk chemistry of a rock and the composing minerals.  相似文献   

天池天文峰剖面全新世火山喷发物长石的结构特征及意义          下载免费PDF全文

张秉良  赵波  于红梅  许建东  史兰斌  郑勇刚  盘晓东 《地震地质》2009,31(4):628

利用扫描电镜和x射线衍射分析数据研究天池火山天文峰剖面全新世喷发物中的长石表面特征和结构状态,结果显示:天文峰剖面从顶部黑色浮岩向下到暗灰色浮岩中,长石表面比较新鲜,个别长石有极轻微风化,在长石颗粒表面凹处偶有沉积厚度不同的非晶质絮状物。长石为碱性长石中的高透长石-高钠长石系列,特征衍射峰的强度、面网d值与歪长石PDF数据基本相符,物相组成为(Or37～41,Ab63～59),表明天池火山喷发物中的长石属歪长石;长石有序度介于0.045～0.089之间;η参数介于-1.010～-1.361之间;最低结晶温度为800～990℃,且顶部黑色浮岩中长石的最低结晶温度高达990℃。研究认为,有天池火山喷发的年代越新,长石有序度越低,其结构状态所记录的温度越高的趋势。目前测得的天池火山长石结构是由高温结构随温度下降转变而来,因此天池火山长石最初形成的温度可能更高。天池火山全新世喷发物中长石结构状态特征的差异可能与火山喷发的年代、喷发温度有关。研究天池火山全新世喷发物中的长石结构状态特征具有一定的理论和实际应用价值  相似文献   

基于多角度高光谱指数的花岗岩中长石含量反演研究     

吴梦娟  靳佳  王金林  王权 《地质学报》2024,98(1):314-323

花岗岩中长石含量的定量估算有助于其定名和分类,为后续相关地质过程研究提供基础数据。在可见光—近红外—短波红外波段范围内（0. 35~2. 5 μm）,传统基于光谱吸收特征参数反演矿物种类和含量的方法,不适用于像长石这类无诊断性吸收特征的矿物。同时,基于物理的辐射传输模型由于计算复杂,在较大程度上限制了该方法在矿物定量反演中的应用。本文基于多角度高光谱数据,通过不同光谱预处理方法及光谱指数类型的组合实验,创建用于估算花岗岩中长石比例的光谱指数模型。结果表明,使用2035 nm波段的反射率二重差分型（CRDDn2035）指数模型,在不同实测数据集中均具有良好表现,估算精度达到0. 81。本研究创建了一种适用于估算长石占比的光谱指数模型,为定量反演具有弱吸收特征的岩矿信息提供了新的技术手段与思路。  相似文献   

水热法分解钾长石制备雪硅钙石的实验研究   总被引：10，自引：3，他引：7  

邱美娅  马鸿文  聂轶苗  张盼  刘贺 《现代地质》2005,19(3):348-354

采用CaO作为助剂,在低温、中压的水热条件下分解钾长石,继而合成一种水合硅酸钙--雪硅钙石,同时得到KOH稀溶液,可用于制备高纯碳酸钾。影响晶化反应的主要因素有n(Ca)/n(Al+Si)、晶化温度、晶化时间、水固比（质量比）、搅拌速度等。讨论了各因素对钾长石分解及雪硅钙石形成的影响,通过X射线粉末衍射、热重-差热分析、扫描电镜等手段对合成产物进行结构性能表征。实验结果表明,以CaO为助剂分解钾长石,同时合成雪硅钙石的工艺方法可行,资源利用率接近100%。实验得到的优化工艺条件为：晶化温度为220～250 ℃,n(Ca)/n(Al+Si)在0.8～1.0之间,晶化时间5～8 h,水固比为20～25,搅拌速度400 r/min。在此条件下,钾长石中K₂O的溶出率达80%以上,同时得到结晶良好的针状雪硅钙石晶体。  相似文献   

崂山花岗岩钾长石结构态的初步测定   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

王文正  赵广涛 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》1998,(3)

利用日本理学产Ｄ／ｍａｘ－ｒＢ型转靶Ｘ射线衍射仪,对崂山花岗岩中石英二长岩、黑云二长花岗岩、正长花岗岩和碱性花岗岩四个单元代表性岩体中的钾长石进行粉晶衍射和结构态测试。结果表明,石英二长岩、黑云二长花岗岩中的钾长石均为高微斜长石,ｔ１（ｏ）分别为０．５７和０．５３,ｔ１（ｍ）分别为０．２６和０．２９;正长花岗岩中的钾长石可能属于介于正长石和高微斜长石之间的过渡类型,ｔ１很高（０．９９）,但ｔ１（ｏ）≈ｔ１（ｍ）,分别为０．５２和０．４７;碱性花岗岩中钾长石也为中微斜长石,但ｔ１（ｏ）＞＞ｔ１（ｍ）,分别为０．７６和０．１７。对于从早到晚侵位的花岗岩来说,其钾长石有序度总体上有逐步增高的趋势,其它结构态参数也有相应变化,可认为其受岩浆形成和演化过程中分离结晶作用、不均等的冷却速率、岩浆演化后期热液作用等多种地质作用的影响,这反映花岗岩成岩物理化学条件的综合效果。  相似文献