Does quantifying antecedent flow conditions improve stream phosphorus export estimation?     

Stuart Warner  Gerard Kiely  Gerard Morgan  John O&#x;Halloran 《Journal of Hydrology》2009,378(1-2):97-104

A reliable and economical method for the estimation of nutrient export (e.g. phosphorus) in stream flow from catchments is necessary to quantify the impact of land use or land use change upon aquatic systems. The transport of phosphorus (P) from soil to water is known to impact negatively on water quality. A key observation from studies is that most P export occurs during high stream flow. However, it is not yet clear how flood-antecedent conditions affect the P export during flood events. In this study, the P loss from soil to water as represented by soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) in stream waters from three different catchments, varying in land use, scale and location in Ireland was monitored over 1 year. This study examined the role of antecedent stream flow conditions on SRP export and identifies a catchment-specific relationship between SRP flood event load (EL) and a flow ratio (FR). The FR is defined as the ratio of the flood event volume (EV) to the pre-event volume (PEV). The latter is the cumulative flow volume for a number of days preceding the event. This PEV period was found to be longer (average 81 days) in the grassland catchments which were known to be saturated with soil P than in the forested catchments (average 21 days) with minimal soil P. This FR ratio is a measure of the antecedent hydrological state (wet or dry) of the catchment. For SRP for each catchment, a specific relationship between SRP EL and FR was identified. The annual SRP export was estimated, using this ratio and compared with the concentration/discharge (C/Q) method. The new flow ratio method was used with data from 12 flood events during the year to estimate an annual export of SRP. For the two grassland catchments in the study, using the FR method, we estimated an SRP export of 1.77 and 0.41 kg ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹. Using the C/Q method, for the same sites, our estimate of SRP export was 1.70 and 0.50 kg ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹ respectively. The C/Q method used SRP concentrations covering 40% of the year while the FR method used only 12 flood events covering less than 2% of the year. This new method which takes account of the antecedent flow state of the river is an alternative to and may be more promising than the traditional C/Q method, particularly when short duration or flood sampling of water quality is carried out.  相似文献   

Impact of fish farming on foraminiferal community, Drvenik Veliki Island, Adriatic Sea, Croatia     

Jelena Vidovi&#x;  Vlasta &#x;osovi&#x;  Mladen Jura i&#x;  Donat Petricioli 《Marine pollution bulletin》2009,58(9):1297-1309

This study examined the impact of fish farming on foraminiferal communities in the Adriatic coastal zone. Samples were taken directly beneath the farm, near the edge of the farm, and at a reference station away from the farm. The foraminiferal community near the farm is characterized by Epistominella exigua, Globocassidulina subglobosa, Haynesina germanica and the genera Elphidium, Bulimina and Brizalina. These foraminiferal species are less abundant seaward. Asterigerinata mamilla, Neoconorbina terquemi and genus Cibicides are almost absent below the cages. Total phosphorus (TP) and total nitrogen (TN) in the sediments decrease with distance from the cages. The abundances of E. exigua, G. subglobosa, H. germanica and the genera Elphidium, Bulimina and Brizalina are correlated with TP and TN, indicating their dependence on nutrient input. The absence of A. mamilla, N. terquemi and the genus Cibicides below the cages is a due to a degraded Posidonia community. According to our study, foraminiferal community composition can be used as indicator of organic enrichment caused by fish farm activities.  相似文献   

Laboratory analyses of nutrient release processes from Haihe River sediment   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Min WU  Xue-ming SUN  Sui-liang HUANG  Xian-qiang TANG  Miklas SCHOLZ 《国际泥沙研究》2012,27(1):61-72

Sediment samples were collected from the heavily contaminated Haihe River to conduct static nutrient release experiments with tap water,and to evaluate the effect of dredging depths,salinity and light ...  相似文献   

Land-based nutrient enrichment of the Buccoo Reef Complex and fringing coral reefs of Tobago, West Indies     

Brian E. Lapointe  Richard Langton  Arthur C. Potts  Chuanmin Hu 《Marine pollution bulletin》2010,60(3):334-343

Tobago’s fringing coral reefs (FR) and Buccoo Reef Complex (BRC) can be affected locally by wastewater and stormwater, and regionally by the Orinoco River. In 2001, seasonal effects of these inputs on water-column nutrients and phytoplankton (Chl a), macroalgal C:N:P and δ¹⁵N values, and biocover at FR and BRC sites were examined. Dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN, particularly ammonium) increased and soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) decreased from the dry to wet season. Wet season satellite and Chl a data showed that Orinoco runoff reaching Tobago contained chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) but little Chl a, suggesting minimal riverine nutrient transport to Tobago. C:N ratios were lower (16 vs. 21) and macroalgal δ¹⁵N values higher (6.6‰ vs. 5.5‰) in the BRC vs. FR, indicating relatively more wastewater N in the BRC. High macroalgae and low coral cover in the BRC further indicated that better wastewater treatment could improve the health of Tobago’s coral reefs.  相似文献   

温度、pH和氮、磷含量对铜绿微囊藻(Microcystis aeruginosa)生长的影响   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3       下载免费PDF全文

陈建中  刘志礼  李晓明  张海洋  李利芳  李晓青 《海洋与湖沼》2010,41(5):714-718

以南太湖水华蓝藻铜绿微囊藻为材料,研究了温度、pH和氮、磷浓度对铜绿微囊藻生长的影响,为阐述微囊藻水华形成的机制提供科学依据。研究结果表明,铜绿微囊藻对温度的适应范围较广,15—40℃温度范围内铜绿微囊藻均可生长,25—30℃为铜绿微囊藻的最适生长温度,当温度达到45℃时,铜绿微囊藻停止生长并逐渐死亡。在pH6.5—9.5范围内,铜绿微囊藻均有较高的生长量,最适pH为8.0—9.0,pH值高于9.0时,铜绿微囊藻的最终生长量略有下降。BG-11培养基中添加高浓度的氮(1g/LNH4Cl)后,铜绿微囊藻的生长被显著抑制(P0.01),但同时添加不同浓度的磷(0.36—10mg/LKH2PO4)后,显著地提高了铜绿微囊藻的生长(P0.01),不同磷浓度处理之间无极显著差异,氮磷平衡是影响铜绿微囊藻生长的重要因素。  相似文献   

动物蛋白酶解物与无机氮、磷源的组合对小球藻(Chlorella vulgaris)生长和生化指标的影响          下载免费PDF全文

叶林超  叶均安  徐国忠  刘建新 《海洋与湖沼》2009,40(2):176-180

采用三因素不完全正交设计方法,通过对细胞密度、干重、叶绿素和可溶性蛋白质含量的测定.确定了N、P源与蛋白酶解物之间的最佳组合,研究碳酸氢铵作为N源、磷酸二氢钠作为P源与动物蛋白酶解物之间的组合对小球藻生长和生化指标的影响.结果表明:(1)动物蛋白酶解物与N、P源间存在互作效应--影响小球藻细胞密度、叶绿素的主要因素分别是P浓度、蛋白酶解物浓度;而N浓度及蛋白酶解物浓度同时对小球藻的蛋白质含量起主要作用;(2)同时添加N 50mg/L、P 4mg/L、蛋白酶解物12ml/L能显著提高小球藻生物量,促进叶绿素和藻体蛋白质的合成(P<0.05).  相似文献