On the ecology of meiofauna in an organically polluted estuarine mudflat   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Lucas A. Bouwman  Karin Romeijn  Wim Admiraal 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》1984,19(6):633-653

The structure, distribution and seasonal changes of the benthic meiofauna in an organically polluted, tidal, brackish-water mudflat in the Ems-Dollart estuary were analysed. Towards the outfall of polluted fresh water, macrofauna disappeared, numbers of meiofauna increased but the diversity of the meiofauna decreased. In the area surrounding the outfall the numbers and biomass of nematodes and oligochaetes increased rapidly in spring and remained high until autumn (c. 13 × 10⁶ individuals m⁻²; c. 2gCm⁻²). The benthic fauna comprised small numbers of species, dominated by a few fast-growing diatom-feeding nematodes (Eudiplogaster pararmatus and Dichromadora geophila) and oligochaetes (Amphichaeta sannio and Paranais litoralis). Eudiplogaster pararmatus exhibits brood care and it tolerates low salinities. Dichromadora geophila which is oviparous, behaved similarly regarding tolerances, life cycle and feeding but this species was less successful than Eudiplogaster in colonizing the mudflats near the outfall. The success of the two naidid oligochaete species results from their method of reproduction by means of binary fission.Most organisms fed on benthic diatoms. In spite of intensive mineralization in the mudflat, only one bacteria-feeding organism was found in abundance (the nematode Leptolaimus papilliger). The absence of macrofaunal organisms, e.g. Nereis diversicolor, is probably also responsible for the development of high densities of meiofauna in the upper sediment layers of the mudflats in the vicinity of the outfall.The heavy load of organic waste entering the Dollart reduced the diversity within the benthic ecosystem, but nevertheless a simple system remained, based on the recurrent reoxidation of the sediment surface.  相似文献   

Turbidity and salinity in a tropical northern Australian estuary and their influence on fish distribution     

D.P. Cyrus  S.J.M. Blaber 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》1992,35(6)

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黄河口泥沙颗粒表面电荷的微电泳研究     

张曼平  郑士淮  张正斌  刘莲生 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》1987,(4)

黄河是世界河流中携带泥沙颗粒最多的河流。泥沙的沉积不仅受物理因素,也受化学因素的控制,例如受表面电荷的控制。研究黄河口水中悬浮体颗粒的表面电荷,有助于探求河口区域的悬浮物沉积规律。 本文测定了不同盐度下黄河口水体中悬浮粒子的电泳行为,得到如下结果:(1)所有悬浮粒子均带负电荷。(2)粒子Zeta电位的负值随盐度增大而减小。这个结果与文献报道(欧洲一些河流的)情况一致。  相似文献   

Effect of channel bifurcation on residual estuarine circulation: Winyah Bay, South Carolina     

Yong H. Kim  George Voulgaris 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2005,65(4):671-686

The residual circulation pattern of Winyah Bay, the fourth largest estuary on the eastern coast of the US, is examined using stationary and shipborne current measurements during periods of low freshwater discharge. The estuary has a complex morphology with a single channel and narrow banks at the river entrance and the bay mouth, and a bifurcated channel system (main and western channels, respectively) in the middle part that appears to affect the residual circulation.Overall, the upper (single channel morphology) and middle (dual-channel morphology) parts of the estuary exhibit a baroclinic residual circulation. The presence of bifurcated channels in the middle part of the estuary modifies the typical gravitational circulation. The near-bed landward-directed residual flow is stronger in the deeper main channel than the shallower western channel. This is the result of the fact that the magnitude of residual flow scales with the water depth of the channel and it is also influenced by the opposing patterns of channel alignment in the northern and southern junctions. Analytical modeling confirms that the observed residual currents in the upper and middle estuary are density-induced. In the lower estuary, residual flow is directed seaward throughout the water column of the channel while in the adjacent shoals the residual flow is directed landward, suggesting that in contrast to the upper and middle estuary, the residual flow near the mouth is barotropic, controlled by the tides and the channel-bank morphology.  相似文献   

Trace metal distributions in the Hudson River estuary     

G.P. Klinkhammer  M.L. Bender 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》1981,12(6)

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CDOM and its contribution to the underwater light climate of a shallow, microtidal estuary in south-western Australia   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：2  

Antwanet Kostoglidis  Charitha B. Pattiaratchi  David P. Hamilton 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2005,63(4):469-477

Light attenuation (K_d) of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) by chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM), total suspended solids (TSS) and chlorophyll a (Chl a) were measured at nine stations along an estuarine gradient in the Swan River, Western Australia, over 15 months. There were strong spatial gradients associated with the marine-freshwater transition along the 32 km of estuary sampled, as well as seasonal gradients mainly associated with rainfall, 80% of which occurs between May and September. CDOM absorbances at 440 nm reached a maximum of 10.9 m⁻¹ with the freshwater inflow but concentrations of suspended matter remained low throughout the sampling period (1.0–21.0 mg l⁻¹) under the diurnal tides of the estuary. CDOM was the dominant constituent of K_d and a stepwise multiple regression showed that 66% (p < 0.0001) of the variation in K_d can be explained by CDOM and an additional 8% (p < 0.0001) by TSS. As a consequence of this result, analysis into the influence of river discharge rates on CDOM absorbance levels was examined for 2002 using data collected during this study, and for 2000 and 2001 using historical dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and river discharge data. The outcome of this analysis infers that greater river discharge rates result in increased CDOM absorbances in the Swan River estuary.  相似文献   

A modelling study of residence time in a macro-tidal estuary   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

D. Yuan  B. Lin  R.A. Falconer   《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2007,71(3-4):401-411

This paper outlines a numerical modelling study to predict the average residence time of a conservative tracer in a macro-tidal estuary, namely the Mersey Estuary, UK. An integrated hydrodynamic-dispersion model was used to predict the average residence time in the estuary for various tidal level and freshwater discharge conditions. The numerical model was verified against six sets of field measured hydrodynamic data, with the model-predicted water elevations and salinity levels generally agreeing well with the field measurements. The numerical model results show that in the Mersey Estuary both the tidal level and river discharge affect significantly the predicted average residence time. The value of the average residence time is also shown to be closely linked to the intensity of the residual tidal current. This is due to the fact that a large proportion of the Upper and Inner Estuary dries out during low tides, thus a significant amount of the tracer material is transported through the deep channels. An increase in the freshwater discharge causes a considerable increase in the intensity of the residual current along the main channels and thus a reduction in the average residence time. The predicted overall tracer residence time for the whole estuary is relatively short for a relatively large estuary, ranging from less than 1 day to 4 days for various tidal level and freshwater flow combinations. When the tidal range and freshwater discharge are both small, then the local tracer residence time in the upper part of the estuary can be significantly longer than the values predicted for the middle and lower reaches of the estuary.  相似文献   

杭州湾庵东浅滩地貌演变规律   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

李炎  谢钦春 《海洋学研究》1993,11(2):25-33

杭州湾南岸庵东浅潍的地貌演变具有长周期、多年周期和年周期变化。浅滩舌部的进退、摆动,以及滩面高程和潮沟系统的变动,是周期性演变的主要表现。地貌过程各控制因素通过杭州湾湾口和湾顶两个高混浊带提供的输沙通道,以及浅滩输沙结构的调整,间接或直接影响浅滩的演变,出现各个层次的动力-地貌响应关系。其中长周期和多年周期响应与长江及钱塘江两河口系统的调整有关,枯水条件下河口系统上移,庵东浅滩供沙不足;丰水条件下,两输沙通道会于庵东浅滩,促进了浅滩的淤涨。在年周期的小尺度演变中,波浪条件具有重要的影响。  相似文献   

Observed fluxes of water,salt and suspended sediment in a partly mixed estuary     

R.J. Uncles  R.C.A. Elliott  S.A. Weston 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》1985,20(2):147-167

Observations of the residual fluxes of water, salt and suspended sediment are presented for seven stations along the Tamar Estuary. The data include measurements over single spring and neap tidal cycles, and are generally applicable to medium or high run-off conditions.Surface to bed differences in salinity are typically of the order of several parts per thousand. Gravitational circulation is an important component of residual flow in the deep, lower reaches of the estuary. Here, Stokes drift is insignificant. In the shallow upper reaches, the major residual currents are generated by Stokes drift and freshwater inputs. Data are compared with predictions from Hansen and Rattray's (1966) model of estuarine circulation.Salt fluxes due to tidal pumping and vertical shear are directed up-estuary at spring tides, tidal pumping being dominant. Tidal pumping of salt is also directed up-estuary at neap tides, although it is insignificant in the lower reaches, where vertical shear dominates.Tidal pumping of suspended sediment is directed up-estuary near the head at spring tides, and probably contributes to the formation of the turbidity maximum. The existence of the turbidity maximum is predicted using a simplified model of the transport of water and sediment. The model shows that an additional mechanism for the existence of the turbidity maximum is an up-estuary maximum in the tidal current speeds (and thus resuspension). In the lower reaches, transport of suspended sediment is directed down-estuary at both spring and neap tides, and sediment is essentially flushed to sea with the fresh water.  相似文献   

三维浅海流体动力学方程的分步杂交解法   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

石磊  奚盘根 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》1995,(2)

提出一个三维非线性浅海流体动力学方程的分步杂交解法。解法的特点是引入坐σ标，并在垂直方向上利用交错网格，在水平方向上利用三角形网格离散。作为本解法的一个实例，计算了一个矩形海域的风生环流，流场分层明显，垂直结构合理。  相似文献