Inversion of multi-frequency electromagnetic induction data for 3D characterization of hydraulic conductivity     

Troy R. Brosten  Frederick D. Day-Lewis  Gregory M. Schultz  Gary P. Curtis  John W. Lane Jr. 《Journal of Applied Geophysics》2011,73(4):323-335

Electromagnetic induction (EMI) instruments provide rapid, noninvasive, and spatially dense data for characterization of soil and groundwater properties. Data from multi-frequency EMI tools can be inverted to provide quantitative electrical conductivity estimates as a function of depth. In this study, multi-frequency EMI data collected across an abandoned uranium mill site near Naturita, Colorado, USA, are inverted to produce vertical distribution of electrical conductivity (EC) across the site. The relation between measured apparent electrical conductivity (EC_a) and hydraulic conductivity (K) is weak (correlation coefficient of 0.20), whereas the correlation between the depth dependent EC obtained from the inversions, and K is sufficiently strong to be used for hydrologic estimation (correlation coefficient of ? 0.62). Depth-specific EC values were correlated with co-located K measurements to develop a site-specific ln(EC)–ln(K) relation. This petrophysical relation was applied to produce a spatially detailed map of K across the study area. A synthetic example based on EC_a values at the site was used to assess model resolution and correlation loss given variations in depth and/or measurement error. Results from synthetic modeling indicate that optimum correlation with K occurs at ~ 0.5 m followed by a gradual correlation loss of 90% at 2.3 m. These results are consistent with an analysis of depth of investigation (DOI) given the range of frequencies, transmitter–receiver separation, and measurement errors for the field data. DOIs were estimated at 2.0 ± 0.5 m depending on the soil conductivities. A 4-layer model, with varying thicknesses, was used to invert the EC_a to maximize available information within the aquifer region for improved correlations with K. Results show improved correlation between K and the corresponding inverted EC at similar depths, underscoring the importance of inversion in using multi-frequency EMI data for hydrologic estimation.  相似文献   

Salt tectonics vs. inversion tectonics: The anticlines of the western Maestrazgo revisited (eastern Iberian Chain,Spain)     

Carlos L. Liesa  Antonio M. Casas-Sainz  Marcos Aurell  José L. Simón  Ana R. Soria 《Basin Research》2023,35(1):295-335

Many works in the last decades underline the role of evaporites, not just as a conditioning factor but as the engine for subsidence and eventually basin inversion. The western Mediterranean alpine ranges are being investigated in this regard because of the presence of discontinuous units of Permian to Triassic evaporites, deposited in the western Tethys basins. This work presents a thorough analysis of two particular structures (Cañada Vellida and Miravete anticlines) in the intraplate Maestrazgo basin (eastern Iberian Chain, Spain) in which evidence to support their reinterpretation as salt-driven structures have been recently reported. Our analysis includes (i) a comprehensive stratigraphic and structural study of the folds along their entire trace, (ii) the compilation of thickness and distribution of evaporite–bearing and supraevaporite units, paying special attention to changes in the thickness of units in relation to anticlines, and (iii) the study of fault patterns, sometimes in relation to the mechanical stratigraphy. All three aspects are also documented and discussed on a regional scale. The new data and interpretations reported here reinforce the extensional origin of the Late Jurassic–Early Cretaceous basins, and the role of regional extensional tectonics as the responsible for the development of first-order syn-sedimentary normal fault zones driving the formation and evolution of sub-basins. These basins were subsequently inverted and deformed, including the formation of complex, box-geometry anticlines that, in their turn, controlled deposition in Cenozoic basins. The review of the arguments that support the alternative of salt tectonics for the origin of such anticlines has allowed us to delve into the sedimentary and tectonic evolution of the inverted extensional basins and to propose a specific model for the development of these faulted anticlines. The role of salt levels and other interlayered detachments in the structuring of sedimentary basins and their inversion is also pondered. The observations in the eastern Iberian Chain reported here have implications to assess ongoing reinterpretations in terms of salt tectonics in other alpine basins and ranges of the western Mediterranean.  相似文献   

Examination of Microphysical Relationships and Corresponding Microphysical Processes in Warm Fogs   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

LU Chunsong  LIU Yangang  NIU Shengjie  ZHAO Lijuan  YU Huaying  CHENG Muning 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2013,27(6):832-848

In this paper, the microphysical relationships of 8 dense fog events collected from a comprehensive fog observation campaign carried out at Pancheng（32.2 N, 118.7 E） in the Nanjing area, China in the winter of 2007 are investigated. Positive correlations are found among key microphysical properties（cloud droplet number concentration, droplet size, spectral standard deviation, and liquid water content） in each case, suggesting that the dominant processes in these fog events are likely droplet nucleation with subsequent condensational growth and/or droplet deactivation via complete evaporation of some droplets. The abrupt broadening of the fog droplet spectra indicates the occurrence of the collision-coalescence processes as well, although not dominating. The combined efects of the dominant processes and collision-coalescence on microphysical relationships are further analyzed by dividing the dataset according to visibility or autoconversion threshold in each case. The result shows that the specific relationships of number concentration to volume-mean radius and spectral standard deviation depend on the competition between the compensation of small droplets due to nucleation-condensation and the loss of small droplets due to collision-coalescence. Generally, positive correlations are found for diferent visibility or autoconversion threshold ranges in most cases, although negative correlations sometimes appear with lower visibility or larger autoconversion threshold. Therefore, the compensation of small droplets is generally stronger than the loss, which is likely related to the sufcient fog condensation nuclei in this polluted area.  相似文献   

Multifractal scaling properties of a growing fault population   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

Patience A. Cowie  D. Sornette  C. Vanneste 《Geophysical Journal International》1995,122(2):457-469

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Prediction of load-displacement performance of grouted anchors in weathered granites using FastICA-MARS as a novel model     

Hao Shen  Jinhui Li  Sixin Wang  Zewei Xie 《地学前缘(英文版)》2021,12(1):415-423

With the rising needs of better prediction of the load-displacement performance of grouted anchors in an era of developing large-scale underground infrastructures,the existing methods in literature lack an accurate analytical model for the real-life projects or rigorous understanding of the parameters such as grouting pressures.This paper proposes Fast ICA-MARS as a novel data-driven approach for the prediction of the load-displacement performance of uplift-resisting grouted anchors.The hybrid and data-driven Fast ICA-MARS approach integrates the multivariate adaptive regression splines(MARS)technique with the Fast ICA algorithm which is for Independent Component Analysis(ICA).A database of 4315 observations for 479 different anchors from 7 different projects is established.The database is then used to train,validate and compare the Fast ICA-MARS approach with the classical MARS approach.The developed Fast ICA-MARS model can provide more accurate predictions than MARS.Moreover,the developed Fast ICA-MARS model is easy to interpret since the evaluation of the parameter importance of the independent components can be conducted along with the considerations of the correlations with the original variables.It is noteworthy to point out that the grouting pressures play a central role in the proposed model,which is considered of paramount importance in engineering practices but has not been properly taken into account in any prior analytical or empirical predictive models for the load-displacement relationships.  相似文献   

Using Stressor–Response Models to Derive Numeric Nutrient Criteria for Lakes in the Eastern Plain Ecoregion,China          下载免费PDF全文

Yali Zhang  Shouliang Huo  Chunzi Ma  Xiang Li  Hongliang Liu 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2014,42(11):1509-1517

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The influence of landscape connectivity and landslide dynamics upon channel adjustments and sediment flux in the Liwu Basin,Taiwan          下载免费PDF全文

Cheng‐Wei Kuo  Gary Brierley 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2014,39(15):2038-2055

Catchment‐scale analyzes of spatial and temporal variability in landscape connectivity are critical considerations in appraisals of landscape evolution and disaster mitigation in tectonically active mountain belts such as Taiwan. This study uses historical aerial photographs, flow discharge and seismic data to analyze landslide changes and channel adjustments over a 30 year period in the Liwu Basin. Recurrent earthquakes and typhoon events trigger frequent landslide activity, channel adjustment and sediment reworking in this system. Spatial variability in magnitude–frequency relations of hillslope‐valley floor (lateral) and upstream–downstream (longitudinal) connectivity during the study period are shown to reflect annual reworking in source and accumulation zones, while partly‐confined valleys in the mid‐catchment area trap sediment behind landslide‐induced dams that are formed and breached on an approximately decadal basis. This promotes partial longitudinal connectivity in these areas. Landscape responses to disturbance events were especially pronounced following combinations of seismic and typhoon events prior to the 1998 and 2005 images. Although single high magnitude events and series of moderate events affect patterns of landscape connectivity in the Liwu Basin, residence times for sediment storage are very short in this highly‐connected river system, where confined valley settings extend virtually to the coast. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Two-phase flow properties of a horizontal fracture: The effect of aperture distribution     

《Advances in water resources》2015

A systematic numerical method has been presented to investigate the constitutive relationships between two-phase flow properties of horizontal fractures and aperture distributions. Based on fractal geometry, single rough-walled fractures are generated numerically by modified successive random addition (SRA) method and then aperture distributions with truncated Gaussian distribution are formed by shear displacement between lower and upper surfaces. (The truncated Gaussian distribution is used to describe aperture evolution under different normal stresses.) According to the assumption of two-dimensional porous media and local parallel plate model, invasion percolation approach is employed to model the two-phase flow displacement (imbibition) in generated horizontal fractures, in which capillary forces are dominant over viscous and gravity forces. For truncated Gaussian distributions, constitutive relationships from numerical simulation are compared to closed-form relationships and a good agreement is obtained. The simulation results indicate strong phase interference with the sum of two phase relative permeability values being less than one in the intermediate saturations. It is found that fracture properties related to residual saturations depend on spatial correlation of aperture distributions. Based on the simulation results, we proposed an empirical relationship between the fracture residual-saturation-rated parameters and the corresponding aperture distributions.  相似文献   

宁夏区域震源参数特征研究     

张锦玲  朱新运  马起杨  金春华 《大地测量与地球动力学》2017,37(8):808-812

利用宁夏区域数字地震台网记录的发生于宁夏区域2008～2014年210个ML2.0～4.9地震波资料,采用Brune模式,将台站获取的速度记录进行几何扩散校正、介质衰减校正及仪器校正,对速度谱在频率域积分得到震源位移谱,使用遗传算法计算拐角频率及零频极限,进而计算震源半径、地震矩等小震震源参数,并系统分析各参数特征及其相互关系。结果显示,地震矩范围为1011～1015 N·m,震源破裂半径为60～766 m,拐角频率为1.6～22.2 Hz,地震应力降范围为0.01～7.63 MPa,视应力范围为0.01～3.11 MPa,地震矩、拐角频率、矩震级及里氏震级等震源参数之间表现出一定的对数线性或半对数线性关系。  相似文献   

三维地层建模钻孔数据预处理研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

夏艳华  白世伟 《岩土力学》2012,33(4):1223-1239

钻孔数据是三维地层建模的主要数据来源之一,在三维地层建模中,地层界面一般基于钻孔数据插值而成,正确处理钻孔数据是构建理想三维地层模型的前提和基础。三维地层拓扑关系极其复杂,地层界面插值数据在数学上选择也不是惟一的,因此,常导致构建地层模型出现与事实相悖的情形。针对这一点,根据地层地质演变历史,建立地层层序序列,此序列记录地层地质年代顺序及其拓扑关系。根据地层地质特征,可将地层拓扑关系概化为两类：“覆盖”和“侵蚀”。据此地层层序序列可惟一确定地层界面插值数据,从而构建正确地层模型。采用python语言实现了该钻孔数据预处理算法,实例表明,该预处理方案能正确地预测实际地层。  相似文献