过去60年中3—5年时间尺度的强ENSO过程与平流层环流异常的滞后耦合及其机理   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1  

任荣彩 《气象学报》2012,70(3):520-535

基于1950—2009年60a月平均Nino3指数和NCEP/NCAR第一套等压面再分析资料,关注3—5a时间尺度的强ENSO过程与平流层环流年际异常的时空联系及其机理,通过对此期间出现在3次持续强ENSO阶段中的11次3—5a时间尺度的强ENSO过程的诊断表明,平流层环流的年际尺度异常与3—5a时间尺度的强ENSO循环过程密切耦合。极夜急流强度趋于在ENSO暖/冷峰值之后减弱/加强,最大异常值多滞后ENSO峰值约1/4周期(接近1a),出现在ENSO峰值之后的下一年冬季;且3—5a时间尺度的ENSO峰值愈强,滞后约1/4周期出现的热带外平流层纬向风的年际异常也愈强;平均而言,这种年际时间尺度的耦合关系,也对实际的季节尺度平流层极涡振荡的强度和性质有显著的调制作用。进一步研究这种滞后耦合关系与年际时间尺度的行星波活动异常的联系发现,在暖ENSO峰值所在的当年冬季,对流层高层被强迫出年际时间尺度的太平洋-北美(PNA)型异常环流,而与冷ENSO峰值相对应的是相反的太平洋-北美异常型;这种太平洋-北美型与平流层热带外地区的行星波1波的发展相联系;在ENSO峰值之后的下一年冬季,太平洋-北美型环流减弱但对流层高层的主要异常分布在中高纬度,多对应着平流层行星波2波的显著增强,与平流层极区最强的高度异常相联系。行星波活动所引起的经向动量通量和经向热量通量的辐合、辐散异常对平流层滞后异常响应的贡献,存在显著的阶段性差异,在不同的阶段两者可以共同起作用,也可以分别起作用。  相似文献   

表层岩溶地下水出露地表后的脱气作用——以重庆市南川区柏树湾表层岩溶泉溪流为例   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

周小萍  沈立成  王鹏  徐尚全  林明珠 《中国岩溶》2011,30(4):432-436

以重庆市南川区柏树湾表层岩溶泉溪流为例,沿柏枝溪流程以一定间距监测水体中HCO3-的浓度及其pH、电导率、溶解氧等水化学参数,并初步探究溪流水的脱气效应。结果显示(1)表层岩溶地下水出露地表后,HCO3-浓度沿流程呈现出递减的规律;(2)HCO3-浓度递减的快慢反映了脱气作用的强弱,溪流脱气速率具有“枯水期>平水期>丰水期”的特点;(3)暴雨期间由于稀释效应HCO3-浓度递减趋势不明显,但降雨后期,递减又开始逐渐产生;(4)脱气效应在造成溪流水HCO3-浓度减小的同时,也导致电导率(EC)沿柏枝溪流程逐渐降低,而pH值逐渐升高;(5)沿途溶解氧(DO)昼夜变化表明,水生生物作用对脱气作用可能也有一定的影响,但其影响机制还有待进一步的研究。   相似文献   

天山北麓山地-绿洲-荒漠生态系统净初级生产力空间分布格局及其季节变化   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

张杰  潘晓玲 《干旱区地理》2010,33(1)

以天山北麓总面积达93 936 km~2的山地-绿洲-荒漠生态样带为例,利用生态-遥感光能利用率模型NPP-PEM,使用1 km分辨率SPOT/VEGETATION遥感等数据资料,估算了生态样带净初级生产力(NPP)空间分布及其季节变化.结果表明山地-绿洲-荒漠生态样带平均NPP为161.06 g C·m~(-2)·a~(-1),样带陆地生态系统年总碳吸收量或年总NPP累积量为15.081 Tg C(1Tg=10~(12)g),其中绿洲农田、山地草甸草原、平原荒漠草原和山地森林对的碳吸收贡献率分别为32.67%、28.16%、12.41%和9.15%.夏季是各类生态系统NPP增加量最大的季节,而沙漠由于早春短命植被覆盖而具有生长双峰现象.样带NPP空间分布及其季相变化特征是自然环境、地貌、气候以及人类生产活动长期共同作用和影响的结果,其中水热条件和基质是控制干旱区陆地生态系统NPP空间格局的决定因子.结果检验表明模拟效果较为合理,证明NPP-PEM模型在干旱生态系统的应用是可行的.研究为干旱区陆地生态系统碳循环研究开辟了途径,可为干旱区生态系统评估、监测和管理提供研究方法和参考依据.  相似文献   

Design of controlled elastic and inelastic structures     

A.M.Reinhorn  O.Lavan  G.P.Cimellaro 《地震工程与工程振动(英文版)》2009,8(4):469-479

One of the founders of structural control theory and its application in civil engineering,Professor Emeritus Tsu T.Soong,envisioned the development of the integral design of structures protected by active control devices.Most of his disciples and colleagues continuously attempted to develop procedures to achieve such integral control.In his recent papers published jointly with some of the authors of this paper,Professor Soong developed design procedures for the entire structure using a design-redesign proce...  相似文献   

New-type urbanization in China: Predicted trends and investment demand for 2015–2030     

Dongqi Sun  Liang Zhou  Yu Li  Haimeng Liu  Xiaoyan Shen  Zedong Wang  Xixi Wang 《地理学报(英文版)》2017,27(8):943-966

The future development of new-type urbanization has drawn great attention from both the government and public alike. In this context, the present study had three related research aims. Firstly, it sought to predict the urbanization and population dynamics in China at both national and provincial levels for the period of 2015 to 2030. Secondly, on this basis, it sought to examine the spatial variation of urbanization given the predicted national urbanization rate of 70.12%. Thirdly, it sought to estimate and evaluate the national and provincial demands of investment in the development of new-type urbanization. The main conclusions from this study were as follows: (1) The population size and urbanization rate will reach 1.445 billion and 70.12%, respectively, from 2015 to 2030. (2) The demographic dividend will vanish when the population pressure reaches its maximum. During this period, there will be 70.16 million urban population born. The suburban population that becomes urbanized will be 316.7 million, and thus the net increase in urban population will reach 386 million. (3) Although the urbanization rate of every Chinese province will increase during 2015–2030, it will do so unequally, while differences in urbanization quality among provinces will also be substantial. In some provinces, moreover, the urbanization quality is not compatible with their eco-social development. (4) A total of 4,105,380 billion yuan is required to fund new-type urbanization and the investment demand for each province varies greatly; for example, Guangdong province requires the most funding, amounting to approximately 148 times that required by Tibet, the province in least need of funding. In the final part of this study, policy suggestions concerning the investment of the new-type urbanization are put forward and discussed.  相似文献   

滇东石漠化伴生“红裸土”表层有机质含量与酸碱度关系分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

胡灿灿  王嘉学  陈虎 《云南地理环境研究》2012,24(4):97-103

对滇东地区石漠化伴生"红裸土"典型发育地带的表层样品的有机质和酸碱度分析表明:"红裸土"表层有机质含量范围为0.60～38.5(g.kg-1),平均值为13.49(g.kg-1);酸碱度在4.20～5.72。不但"红裸土"表层有机质含量低,呈中强酸性,且"红裸土"表层土壤有机质含量与酸碱度成弱正相关。这一特征与同区域有植被覆盖下的表层土壤相反,与其他典型的喀斯特地区土壤表层有相似的变化规律。这些特征说明"红裸土"可能是形成石漠化过程的一个阶段。  相似文献   

基于方志资料重建1644-1949年长江三角洲地区台风频次序列(英文)     

张向萍  叶瑜  方修琦 《地理学报(英文版)》2012,22(5):810-824

The proxy records on typhoons in the Yangtze River Delta from 1644 to 1949AD were extracted from historical chorographies in the Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China Period.In reference to the basic principles for identifying historical typhoons,time series on the Yangtze River Delta over a period of 306 years were developed.The conclusions are as follows.(1) There were a total of 241 typhoons from 1644 to 1949AD.Using the historical chorographies from 1884 to 1949AD,the number of typhoons was 65,equal to 87.8% recorded by meteorological observation.The number of years with differences in typhoon activities reconstructed using two ways no more than once is 55,reaching 83.3% in the period from 1884 to 1949AD.This result means the series of historical typhoons reconstructed using historical chorographies can represent the change of typhoon activities over years.(2) The average number of typhoon activities is 0.79 times per year from 1644 to 1949AD,and they show an increasing trend.These 306 years can be divided into three periods by the average number of typhoon activities:it is low from 1644 to 1784AD,and more typhoon activities are found from 1785 to 1904AD.It is worth noting that the number of typhoon activities reaches the summit in the last period,which is 1.2 times per year from 1905 to 1949AD.(3) Before the 20th century,the number of typhoon activities in warm periods is less than the number of cold periods.However,the number of typhoon activities increased dramatically in the early 20th century.Comparing the typhoon activities with El Ni o events,the data show that the number of typhoon activities did not increase when El Ni o occurred.  相似文献   

鲁西南8-9月份阴雨日数与前期大气环流关系     

景安华  孔凡忠 《沙漠与绿洲气象(新疆气象)》2012,6(5):30-34

对鲁西南1979-2008年8-9月份阴雨日数进行统计分析,发现8-9月份阴雨日数总体呈上升趋势;与前期北半球500hPa月平均高度场进行相关分析,结果表明：8-9月份阴雨日数与北半球500hPa平均高度场存在显著的滞后相关性,共得出45个优势相关区,相关区具有明显的区域性,大多数优势相关区出现在60篘以南地区。阴雨日数与前期极涡位置及强弱有很好的对应关系。从优势相关区提取的预报因子具有明显的季节性,上一年秋冬季预报因子占6/9;建立预报方程,试用效果较好。  相似文献   

风云三号C星微波湿温探测仪的定标和验证   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6       下载免费PDF全文

郭杨  卢乃锰  漆成莉  谷松岩  许健民 《地球物理学报》2015,58(1):20-31

风云三号C星(FY-3C)已经于2013年9月23日发射升空,其上装载的微波湿温探测仪(MWHTS)已于9月30日开机正常工作.MWHTS具有对大气温度和湿度垂直分布进行同步探测的能力.MWHTS为跨轨扫描式微波辐射计,在89~191GHz毫米波段内设置了十五个探测通道,其中包括118.75GHz氧气吸收线附近的8个大气温度探测通道,183.31GHz水汽吸收线附近的5个大气湿度探测通道,以及89GHz和150GHz两个窗区通道.设置在118.75GHz的一组毫米波探测通道是国际上业务卫星首次使用的大气探测通道,这组通道和183.31GHz通道对大气进行联合探测,将获得更加精细的大气温湿度垂直分布数据,为数值预报和气候研究提供丰富信息.为保证MWHTS观测资料的定量应用,对仪器性能和定标精度进行了在轨测试.利用MWHTS在轨正常工作后的三个月数据,对仪器在轨定标的基础数据:冷空和黑体计数值,黑体和仪器温度进行监测分析和质量检验,经过质量检验的在轨定标基础数据,结合发射前真空试验得到的非线性订正项在轨定标生成MWHTS观测亮温数据.评估MWHTS在轨辐射定标结果的精度和偏差特性使用了三种方法:1通过场地定标试验获取大气温湿廓线和地面温度等大气参数信息,结合微波逐线正演辐射传输模式MonoRTM(Monochromatic Radiative Transfer Model)模拟MWHTS的上行微波辐射亮温,与MWHTS实际观测结果进行对比分析;2两个通道特性一致的同类星载被动微波载荷同时观测同一目标,观测亮温的差异主要取决于两个载荷的定标系统偏差.选取美国SNPP上搭载的微波探测仪器ATMS作为MWHTS的参考载荷,基于SNO(simultaneous nadir overpass)技术,对两个仪器的观测亮温进行交叉比对,观测亮温时空匹配及均匀性检验的条件为:观测时间差异小于20min,观测像元中心距离小于3km,观测角度在星下点附近差异小于5°,观测像元周围3×3像元内的亮温标准差小于1K;3基于美国国家环境预测中心的全球数据同化系统GDAS(Global Data Assimilation System)数据,利用快速辐射传输模式CRTM(Community Radiative Transfer Model)对MWHTS各通道亮温进行正演模拟,模拟结果(O)和仪器实际观测的亮温(B)之间的差异记为"O-B",对偏差值"O-B"进行统计特征分析.仪器中心频率的变化、正演模式模拟精度和模式输入廓线自身的误差都会对"O-B"产生影响.但是对于首次使用的探测频点而言(如118.75GHz通道),由于国际上没有同类载荷可以进行交叉比对,借助于正演辐射传输模式计算得到"O-B"偏差的分析结果可以在一定程度上反映仪器整体定标情况.外场地定标试验结果显示除通道14外,其他14个通道的亮温差都在1.3K以内;与同类载荷ATMS的在轨观测进行直接交叉比对表明通道14与ATMS的亮温偏差最大,但中心频点一致的5个水汽探测通道的标准差都小于1K;将MWHTS观测结果和正演辐射传输模式模拟结果即"O-B"进行偏差分析显示,靠近118.75GHz吸收线中心的通道2—6"O-B"标准差小于0.5K,其他通道"O-B"标准差和ATMS相应通道的结果相当;MWHTS观测和模拟偏差随角度变化的研究表明通道1,7~13和15观测结果对角度有一定依赖性.  相似文献   

Timings of early crustal activity in southern highlands of Mars:Periods of crustal stretching and shortening     

Trishit Ruj  Goro Komatsu  Jan Hendrik Pasckert  James M.Dohm 《地学前缘(英文版)》2019,10(3):1029-1037

Extensional and compressional structures are globally abundant on Mars. Distribution of these structures and their ages constrain the crustal stress state and tectonic evolution of the planet. Here in this paper, we report on our investigation over the distribution of the tectonic structures and timings of the associated stress fields from the Noachis-Sabaea region. Thereafter, we hypothesize possible origins in relation to the internal/external processes through detailed morphostructural mapping. In doing so, we have extracted the absolute model ages of these linear tectonic structures using crater size-frequency distribution measurements, buffered crater counting in particular. The estimated ages indicate that the tectonic structures are younger than the mega impacts events(especially Hellas) and instead they reveal two dominant phases of interior dynamics prevailing on the southern highlands, firstly the extensional phase terminating around3.8 Ga forming grabens and then compressional phase around 3.5-3.6 Ga producing wrinkle ridges and lobate scarps. These derived absolute model ages of the grabens exhibit the age ca. 100 Ma younger than the previously documented end of the global extensional phase. The following compressional activity corresponds to the peak of global contraction period in Early Hesperian. Therefore, we conclude that the planet wide heat loss mechanism, involving crustal stretching coupled with gravitationally driven relaxation(i.e.,lithospheric mobility) resulted in the extensional structures around Late Noachian(around 3.8 Ga). Lately cooling related global contraction generated compressional stress ensuing shortening of the upper crust of the southern highlands at the Early Hesperian period(around 3.5-3.6 Ga).  相似文献