Patterns of Coping and Adaptation Among Erosion-Induced Displacees in Bangladesh: Implications for Hazard Analysis and Mitigation     

Hutton  David  Haque  C. Emdad 《Natural Hazards》2003,29(3):405-421

The purpose of this research was to identify social, culturaland psychological aspects of riverbank erosion-induced displacement in the flood plainsof Bangladesh. Although considerable research has examined the social and economicimpacts of riverine hazards in Bangladesh, there has been a general neglect of associatedpsychosocial implications. The specific objectives of the study were to: (1) assess hazardawareness in relation to riverbank erosion, (2) determine the magnitude of psychologicaldistress associated with displacement, and (3) identify patterns of psychosocial copingand adaptation common to displaced persons in Bangladesh. Although displacees were foundto have a significantly higher level of distress than non-displacees, this was relatedprimarily to socioeconomic deprivation rather than to displacement per se. The findingsof this study showed that the constant threat of riverbank erosion has contributed to asubstantial disaster subculture in the riverine zones of Bangladesh. The commonly hypothesized factorssuch as loss of land and frequency and duration of displacement were notsignificantly associated with distress levels.The need to integrate into hazard analysis and mitigation studiesa social, cultural and psychological context is recommended. In Bangladesh, the poor copewith hardship and problems by relying on religion, which in turn significantlyinfluences how they perceive and interpret natural calamities. It is argued that the capacityof people to respond to environmental threats is a function of not only the physicalforces which affect them, but of indigenous social and cultural belief systems which influencehow people interpret and organize their activities. Hazard analysis and mitigation wouldbe most effective when it takes into account psychological and socio-cultural aspects ofdisasters, due to the fact that psychological distress impacts the capacity of people toachieve livelihoods, but also important social and psychological processes determine the waypeople perceive and adapt to natural hazards.  相似文献   

Study of surface runoff using physical models   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

M. Amin Haque 《Environmental Geology》2002,41(7):797-805

. The profiles of overland water flow as a function of space and time obtained by applying kinematic wave approximations combined with the Darcy-Weisbach resistance formula to laminar flow are presented. Rainfall-excess is assumed to remain constant during a certain period of time. Runoff from surfaces of constant slope, with uniform surface texture, and the effects of different parameters on overland flow have been studied. Comparisons of runoff using Darcy-Weisbach, Manning, and Chezy resistance formulas have been made. It was found that the lower the rainfall-excess rates, the longer the surface runoff starting time, peak time, and smaller the peak runoff value at any distance. It was also found that the overland flow increases rapidly to the peak value, followed by a rapid decline which begins at the moment the rainfall-excess ceases, and then approaches zero slowly. Comparison of the theoretical calculations of runoff with the measured data of the Los Angeles field tests on concrete-paved surface shows good agreement.  相似文献   

Climatic changes,desertification and the Republic of Sudan   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Shamsul Haque Alvi 《GeoJournal》1994,33(4):393-399

Meteorological data for a period of 30 to 50 years was analysed to ascertain the climatic changes in the Republic of Sudan. The study confirms that the temperatures are rising and rainfall declining. Rigorous analysis of relative humidity, clouds, rediation and evaporation also confirms the changing pattern, a trend which may accelerate environmental degradation and desertification in Sudan.The author acknowledges the assistance of Nadir Ahmad El-Agib in completing this study. He is also thankful to Dr. Ahmad El-Agib for his help in getting the Meteorological data from Sudan.  相似文献   

The need for an integrative scientific and societal approach to natural hazards     

C. Emdad Haque  Dale Dominey-Howes  Nuray Karanci  Gerassimos Papadopoulos  Ahmet Yalciner 《Natural Hazards》2006,39(2):155-157

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A review of research on the shaft resistance of rock-socketed piles     

Xu  Jiang  Dai  Guoliang  Gong  Weiming  Zhang  Qi  Haque  Asadul  Gamage  Ranjith Pathegama 《Acta Geotechnica》2021,16(3):653-677

Acta Geotechnica - Shaft resistance generally dominates at the service loads of rock-socketed piles and therefore is always a topic of large research interest. This paper reviews the research...  相似文献   

Determinants of crop diversity in the regions of Bangladesh (1990–2008)          下载免费PDF全文

Sanzidur Rahman  Mohammad Mizanul Haque Kazal 《Singapore journal of tropical geography》2015,36(1):83-97

The paper measures the level of crop diversity and identifies factors influencing diversification using a panel data of 17 regions of Bangladesh covering a 19 year period (1990–2008). Results revealed the trends that agricultural areas allocated to high‐yielding variety rice, spices and vegetables has increased, while areas cultivating traditional rice, minor cereals, oilseeds, pulses, jute and sugarcane has declined at variable rates across regions with significant differences. The level of crop diversity is also significantly different across regions and has decreased in 2008 from its 1990 level in most regions except Faridpur, Khulna and Sylhet. Among the determinants, an increase in the relative prices of vegetables and urea fertilizer, extension expenditure, labour stock per farm, average farm size, irrigation and a reduction in livestock per farm significantly increase crop diversity. Price policies to improve vegetable prices and investment in irrigation infrastructure and extension services are suggested to promote crop diversity in Bangladesh.  相似文献   

Estimation of Mining Project Values Through Real Option Valuation Using a Combination of Hedging Strategy and a Mean Reversion Commodity Price     

Md. Aminul Haque  Erkan Topal  Eric Lilford 《Natural Resources Research》2016,25(4):459-471

Cash flows generated from mining projects are typically highly volatile and significantly influenced by a number of exogenous factors including commodity price as one of the most influential uncertainties. In addition, mining projects are complex and many of their executed investment decisions are irreversible. Therefore, management needs to address this potential risk exposure before making an investment decision. Due to the deterioration and fluctuation of mineral commodity prices for a successful mining project acquisition or development, an important and appropriate investment strategy should include a hedging strategy for reducing potential losses suffered by a company. The discounted cash flow methods, which are commonly used to calculate mining project values, often fail to respond to this identified economic uncertainty and also to incorporate de-risking hedging strategies. Therefore, this study approximates the numerical value or value ranges of a mining project considering the combination of a mean reverting commodity price and hedging strategies using continuous time modeling. A novel time-dependent partial differential equation has been proposed using a continuous time, mean reverting model, and hedging strategy to approximate the mining project value. Application of a new real options valuation technique demonstrated its superiority by providing the advantage of mitigating financial losses and procuring financial gains. In this study, some key results are deferral option and expansion option enhanced the maximum values of the project which are, respectively, 2.51 % and 4.4 % compared to the base case. Furthermore, the country risk has a great impact on project values, as when we considered the country risk premium is zero in our model, the project value increases up to 0.97 %.  相似文献   

Geochemistry of Tertiary sandstones from southwest Sarawak,Malaysia: implications for provenance and tectonic setting     

Nasim Ferdous  Atikul Haque Farazi 《中国地球化学学报》2016,35(3):294-308

Tertiary sandstones collected from southwest Sarawak, Malaysia, were analyzed to decipher their provenance, weathering, and tectonic setting. The studied sandstones have a sublitharenite composition and are dominantly composed quartz with little mica and feldspar, and a small amount of volcanic fragments. These sandstones were generally derived from quartz-rich recycled orogenic sources. They have relatively high SiO₂ content with low Na₂O, CaO, MnO, and MgO contents. Values of Chemical Index of Alteration (CIA) of these rock samples vary from 71 to 93, with an average of 81, implying intense chemical alteration during weathering. A felsic igneous source is suggested by a low concentration of TiO₂ compared to CIA, enrichment of Light Rare Earth Elements, depletion of Heavy Rare Earth Elements, and negative Eu anomalies. A felsic origin is further supported by a Eu/Eu* range of 0.65–0.85 and high Th/Sc, La/Sc, La/Co, and Th/Co ratios. This work presents the first reported geochemical data of Tertiary sandstones of the Sarawak Basin. These data led us to conclude that the sandstones were dislodged from recycled orogenic sources and deposited in a slowly subsiding rifted basin in a passive continental tectonic setting.  相似文献   

Health risk assessment of trace elements in drinking water from Najran City,southwestern Saudi Arabia     

Mohammad Mokammel Haque  Hussien Abdulrahman Al Attas  Mutaz Ali Hassan 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2016,9(6):464

The concentrations of 16 trace elements (Ag, Al, As, B, Ba, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Se, Ti, U, and Zn) in drinking water from Najran City, Saudi Arabia, were determined by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and compared with local, regional, and international guidelines. Water samples from 22 water treatment plants and 13 commercial bottled water brands were analyzed. Except for B and U, the trace element concentrations were below the permitted limits defined in SASO, GSO, and WHO drinking water quality guidelines. The B concentrations in three brands of bottled water were 533.19, 602.29, and 1471.96 μg/L, which were all higher than the GSO and SASO limit (500 μg/L). The U concentrations were higher than the SASO limits for drinking water in two samples; one in treatment plant (2.39 μg/L) and another in foreign bottled water (2.17 μg/L). The median As, Ba, Cu, Ni, U, and Zn concentrations were statistically significantly higher in the treatment plant water samples than those in the bottled water samples, and conversely, the B concentrations were higher in the bottled water samples. The Cd, Hg, and Ti concentrations were below the detection limits of ICP-MS in all of the water samples. Apart from few exceptions, trace element concentrations in drinking water of Najran City were all within limits permitted in the national, regional, and international drinking water quality guideline values.  相似文献   

Effects of stress reduction on geomechanical and acoustic relationship of overconsolidated sands     

Sirikarn Narongsirikul  Nazmul Haque Mondol  Jens Jahren 《Geophysical Prospecting》2020,68(3):968-981

Relationship between different geomechanical and acoustic properties measured from seven laboratory-tested unconsolidated natural sands with different mineralogical compositions and textures were presented. The samples were compacted in the uniaxial strain configuration from 0.5 to 30 MPa effective stress. Each sand sample was subjected to three loading–unloading cycles to study the influence of stress reduction. Geomechanical, elastic and acoustic parameters are different between normal compaction and overconsolidation (unloaded and reloaded). Stress path (K₀) data differ between normal consolidated and overconsolidated sediments. The K₀ value of approximately 0.5 is founded for most of the normal consolidated sands, but varies during unloading depending on mineral compositions and textural differences. The K₀ and overconsolidation ratio relation can be further simplified and can be influenced by the material compositions. K₀ can be used to estimate horizontal stress for drilling applications. The relationship between acoustic velocity and geomechanical is also found to be different between loading and unloading conditions. The static moduli of the overconsolidated sands are much higher than normal consolidated sands as the deformation is small (small strain). The correlation between dynamic and static elastic moduli is stronger for an overconsolidation stage than for a normal consolidation stage. The results of this study can contribute to geomechanical and acoustic dataset which can be applied for many seismic-geomechanics applications in shallow sands where mechanical compaction is the dominant mechanism.  相似文献