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31.
Greenland Ice Sheet Elevation Change in Winter and Influence of Atmospheric Teleconnections in the Northern Hemisphere 
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下载免费PDF全文 The relationship between the variability of the surface elevation of the Greenland Ice Sheet （GIS） in winter and sea level pressure is identified through analysis of data from satellite-borne radar altimeters, together with meteorological data fields during 1993-2005. We found that both the North Pacific Oscillation （NPO） and the North Atlantic Oscillation （NAO）, the two major teleconnection patterns of the atmospheric surface pressure fields in the Northern Hemisphere, significantly influence the GIS winter elevation change. Further, it is suggested that the NPO may affect the GIS accumulation by influencing the NAO, particularly by changing the intensity and location of the Icelandic Low. 相似文献
32.
William Harbert Maxim Alexutin Sergei Sokolov Kirill Krylov Vladimir Grigoriev Alexander Heiphetz Robert Graham 《Tectonophysics》2001,340(3-4):215-231
The northernmost part of the Kamchatka Peninsula of northeastern Russia, located along the northwestern margin of the Bering Sea, consists of zones of complexly deformed accreted terranes. Progressing from the northwestern Bering Sea inland are the Olyutorskiy, Ukelayat, and Koryak superterranes, which were accreted to the Okhotsk–Chukotsk volcanic–plutonic belt (OChVB) during the Campanian–Maastrichtian (Koryak) to Middle Eocene (Olyutorskiy), respectively. To constrain the accretion paleolatitude of the Koryak superterrane, we paleomagnetically sampled a sedimentary series on the Mametchinskiy Peninsula. At the Mametchinskiy Peninsula, in the northeastern Penzhinskaya Guba (61.45° N, 163.75° E), a gently deformed, well-bedded section of fine-grained Lower to lower Upper Cretaceous turbidites, the Mametchinskaya and Tylakrylskaya Formations are exposed. These strata, which represent the lower part of the sedimentary cover of the terranes in this region and the forearc of OChVB, were sampled at 39 sites (three to seven samples per site). Within the Ainyn terrane, more than 1000 m of section of Cenomanian–Turonian age was sampled at a basal locality (sample groups I and II, sites 1–18, 19–29) and at an upper locality of Valanginian–Barremian age (sample group III, sites 30–39) along the western shore of the Peninsula. Thermal demagnetization and principal component analysis of the demagnetization data show lower-temperature (A) and higher-temperature (B) magnetic components. Although group III samples did not display a coherent A component, the A component of group I and II samples was observed as a single-polarity lower-unblocking temperature component generally removed by 100–400 °C. This component failed the fold test at the 95% confidence level. With respect to direction, the A component is similar to both the present-day field and axial–geocentric dipole directions expected at this site. The B component was observed during thermal demagnetization steps up to 580 °C and was always of downward-directed inclination. Coherence of bedding corrections within each section do not allow statistically meaningful fold tests within groups I, II or III. Assuming the B component represents a Cretaceous magnetization, two overall models are proposed. In the first model (preferred), with the highest clustering of directions (k-value=36.7, N (sites)=36), indicates significant poleward motion of the Ainyn terrane (observed paleolatitude λM1=61.0±6.5°; expected North America plate reference site paleolatitude λE=74.0±3.5°). In the second model, no significant poleward displacement is implied (λM2=72.0±9.6). 相似文献
33.
Elena Pavlenko Kirill Antoniuk Sergei Yu. Shugarov Nataly A. Katysheva Lenie Muzhdabaeva Vyacheslav Mikhajlov 《Astrophysics and Space Science》2005,296(1-4):461-464
We present results of multicolour photometry of the nova-like binary MV Lyr in the years 2002–2003, corresponding to the transition
of the star from its low (V = 17.8) to high (V = 12.3) brightness state. The transition lasted at most 200 days. During the first ∼50 days MV Lyr brightened at the rate
0.06 mag/day, and during the next ∼150 days at the rate 0.01 mag/day. The brightening was accompanied by a blue shift from
0.45 to 0.05 in V−R, interpreted as an increase of the accretion disk contribution to the total light. During the transition MV Lyr displayed
well-known ‘quasi-orbital’ light variations and fast quasi-periodic oscillations with a typical time scale of tens of minutes. 相似文献
34.
X-ray fluorescence scanning with synchrotron radiation was performed to study sediment core records of floods in Amur Bay,Sea of Japan.Interlayers of 3–8 mm with abnormally low bromine content were formed by the Razdolnaya River discharge to the central part of the bay during extreme floods,accompanied by severe storms at sea.Such conditions in the region are typical for periods of deep tropical cyclones(typhoons),to which the distinguished interlayers were compared on the timescale.This approach was made possible thanks to the high rate of sedimentation in the bay(3–5 mm/a) and low bioturbation of sediments under anoxic conditions. 相似文献
35.
Kirill Aldushin Guntram Jordan Werner Rammensee Hans-Werner Becker 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》2004,68(2):217-226
Depending on pH and temperature, two different types of surface reactions occur on the apophyllite (001) surface in aqueous HCl-solutions at temperatures from 20 to 130 °C. At low pH, laterally spreading hillocks cover the surface. The hillocks are softer than the pristine surface, chemical analysis shows a depletion in Ca + K, and the spreading velocity of hillocks depends on pH. This indicates a change in chemical bond strength, non-stoichiometric dissolution and a mechanism involving protons. External disturbances such as the AFM scanning tip cause the upper surface layers to peel off revealing that the active sites of hillock formation are between the silicate layers of apophyllite. The observed process can therefore be described by a penetrative ion-replacement reaction which proceeds well below the surface monolayer. By this ion-replacement, the silicate layers eventually become destabilised. The observed reaction, therefore, is equivalent to an incongruent dissolution process. Despite structural similarities, this process is only superficially similar to the ion-exchange occurring in clay minerals or zeolites. In these minerals, the structural backbone is not destabilized. At a more neutral pH and high temperatures, step retreat and etch pit formation can be observed on the apophyllite (001) surface thus indicating a more congruent dissolution mechanism. 相似文献
36.
Paleozoic northward drift of the North Tien Shan (Central Asia) as revealed by Ordovician and Carboniferous paleomagnetism 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
Mikhail L. Bazhenov Adam Q. Collins Kirill E. Degtyarev Natalia M. Levashova Alexander V. Mikolaichuk Vladimir E. Pavlov Rob Van der Voo 《Tectonophysics》2003,366(1-2):113-141
Three new Middle–Late Ordovician and two new Early Carboniferous paleomagnetic poles have been obtained from the North Tien Shan Zone (NTZ) of the Ural–Mongol belt in Kyrgyzstan and Kazakhstan. Paleolatitudes for the Carboniferous are unambiguously northerly and average 15.5°N, whereas the Ordovician paleolatitudes (6°, 9°, and 9°) are inferred to be southerly, given that a very large (180°) rotation of the NTZ would be necessary during the middle Paleozoic if the other polarity option was chosen. Thus, the NTZ drifted northward during much of the Paleozoic; east–west drift cannot be determined, as is well known, from paleomagnetic data. In addition, detailed thermal demagnetization analysis reveals two overprints, one of recent age and the other of Permian age, which is a time of strong deformation in the NTZ. The paleolatitude of the combined Permian overprint is 30.5+2°N. The paleolatitudes collectively track those predicted for the area by extrapolation from Baltica very well, but are different from those of Siberia for Ordovician times. This finding is compatible with Sengör and Natal'in's [Sengör, A.M.C., Natal'in, B.A., 1996. Paleotectonics of Asia: fragments of a synthesis. In: Yin A., Harrison, M. (Eds.), The Tectonic Evolution of Asia. Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, pp. 486–640] model of tectonic evolution of the Ural–Mongol belt and disagrees with the models of other researchers. Declinations of the Ordovician and Early Carboniferous results range from northwesterly to northeasterly, and are clearly affected by local relative rotations, which seem characteristic for the entire NTZ, because the Permian overprint declinations also show such a spread. Apparently, the important latest Paleozoic–Triassic deformation involved shear zone-related rotations as well as folding and significant granitic intrusions. 相似文献
37.
Kirill Shmulovich Wilhelm Heinrich Peter Möller Peter Dulski 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》2002,144(3):257-273
Fractionation of selected REE between brine and vapour was experimentally determined using a large-volume rocking Ti-autoclave that allowed quasi-isobaric sampling of liquid-vapour pairs. Samples were extracted along the 350, 400 and 450 °C-isotherms of the H2O-NaCl system, and along the 400 °C isotherm of the CaCl2 system. Total salt concentrations were either 6.6 and 10 wt% NaCl or CaCl2, respectively, and total REE concentrations were about 2 ppm of each REE. Starting pH at room temperature was 1.8, added as HCl. In another series of experiments, REEs were added in amounts of 312 ppm. Here, the starting pH at room temperature was 0.5, added as HNO3:HCl=1:2. Liquid-vapour pairs (L-V) were analysed for REE by ICP-MS methods. L-V-partitioning of REE along a particular isotherm follows broadly the partitioning of the main salt components, NaCl or CaCl2. DREE=REEV/REEL decrease rapidly from the critical point with decreasing pressure (equivalent to increasing salinity of the liquid) as the solvus opens. This is independent of the total amount of the added REE. Log DREE values show approximately linear correlations with decreasing pressure from the critical point to salt-saturated conditions where the L-V curve meets the liquid + vapour + solid boundary. At given P and T, we found a systematic variation of DREE along the La-Lu suite. HREE are enriched in the vapour phase relative to LREE. Fractionation coefficients KD=(HREEV/HREEL)/(LREEV/LREEL) increase linearly with (P=Pcrit-P along a particular isotherm. At the 450 °C isotherm, KD (Lu/La) at the critical point (425 bar and 10 wt% NaCl) is 1; about 2.5 at 350 bar (33 wt% NaCl in the liquid); and about 5 if extrapolated to salt-saturation (250 bar and 52 wt% NaCl in the liquid). The REE fractionation behaviour is similar along the CaCl2-H2O solvus boundaries. Existing equations of state and thermodynamic databases of REE species cannot predict this behaviour at L-V-equilibrium conditions. That HREE are preferentially fractionated over LREE into the vapour phase has important petrogenetic consequences. In boiling hydrothermal systems, brines will be depleted in HREE relative to LREE. Isobaric cooling is ineffective for fractionation because the solvus closes and the system eventually shifts into the one-phase field. Fractionation is most effective in systems undergoing isothermal or adiabatic decompression. In an open system, where vapour may escape through cavities, fractionation is probably controlled by a Rayleigh fractionation process, resulting in larger overall fractionation effects. Similar fractionations probably occur during magma degassing at very shallow intrusion levels. 相似文献
38.
39.
正Artemia cysts are an extremely important component of aquaculture diets.It is well established that the cultivation of fish and shellfish derive substantial health and growth advantages when Artemia are included in the diets of the 相似文献
40.
We present a new nonlinear monotone finite volume method for diffusion equation and its application to two-phase flow model. We consider full anisotropic discontinuous diffusion or permeability tensors on conformal polyhedral meshes. The approximation of the diffusive flux uses the nonlinear two-point stencil which provides the conventional seven-point stencil for the discrete diffusion operator on cubic meshes. We show that the quality of the discrete flux in a reservoir simulator has great effect on the front behavior and the water breakthrough time. We compare two two-point flux approximations (TPFA), the proposed nonlinear TPFA and the conventional linear TPFA, and multipoint flux approximation (MPFA). The new nonlinear scheme has a number of important advantages over the traditional linear discretizations. Compared to the linear TPFA, the nonlinear TPFA demonstrates low sensitivity to grid distortions and provides appropriate approximation in case of full anisotropic permeability tensor. For nonorthogonal grids or full anisotropic permeability tensors, the conventional linear TPFA provides no approximation, while the nonlinear flux is still first-order accurate. The computational work for the new method is higher than the one for the conventional TPFA, yet it is rather competitive. Compared to MPFA, the new scheme provides sparser algebraic systems and thus is less computational expensive. Moreover, it is monotone which means that the discrete solution preserves the nonnegativity of the differential solution. 相似文献