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滑坡破坏各种建筑工程,严重影响了人民生产生活以及国民经济的发展。锚杆作为边坡治理的主要手段之一,其施工质量与锚固效果难以直接监测。随着微机电系统(MEMS)技术的兴起与不断发展,MEMS传感器具有体积小、造价低和精度高等优点,使其从常规监测手段中脱颖而出,为地质工程监测提供了新的可能。通过设计模型试验,基于MEMS传感器探讨锚杆对边坡的加固作用。试验采用天然河砂,通过撒砂法堆坡,边坡坡角为45°,分有锚杆加固和无锚杆加固2组。以降雨触发滑坡,将MEMS传感器布设在边坡内部,实现对边坡内部各点的加速度、角度和角速度的实时连续监测。研究表明:当未加固边坡蠕滑开始时,边坡内部和坡脚处的加速度与角度发生渐变,边坡后缘与表面处的加速度和角度变化不明显,表明边坡蠕滑主要发生在边坡内部与坡脚处;滑坡发生时,边坡内部与坡脚处的加速度和角度率先发生突变,边坡后缘与表面的参数随后发生突变,表明砂土坡破坏的瞬间,其内部与坡脚处先发生滑动,边坡后缘与坡面随后滑动,为典型的牵引式滑坡。采用锚杆加固后,边坡只发生蠕滑,边坡内部、坡脚处与坡面的加速度和角度有明显渐变,边坡后缘的各指标几乎无变化,表明降雨条件下,加固后的边坡发生整体蠕滑,边坡坡角降低,不发生破坏。MEMS传感器能够实现低成本、高精度的连续实时监测边坡蠕滑的渐变规律,捕捉到滑坡发生时运动的明显突变,对研究边坡的滑动机制及滑坡预警有一定的应用价值,在地质工程监测领域具有广阔的应用前景。 相似文献
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在双天线GNSS/MEMS组合测姿中,低精度、低成本的MEMS加速度计输出通常包含比较大的噪声,导致由加速度计调平计算得到的水平角观测值精度较低,影响组合测姿的精度和可靠性。不同于传统的时域降噪方法,从频域的角度出发,根据实际车载运动中加速度计输出具有因汽车固有结构产生的高频振动噪声的特点,利用滑动窗口的Butterworth低通滤波器平滑加速度计输出。动态车载实验结果表明,该滤波器降噪效果明显。与滤波前相比,水平角观测值精度提升了约4倍,达到(0.643°,0.546°)。在此基础上,滤波后组合测姿精度也从(0.124°,0.738°,0.532°)提升到(0.122°,0.074°,0.052°),其中水平角精度提升了大约一个数量级,滤波后的测姿结果更加准确可靠。 相似文献
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强震动观测仪器面临的机遇和挑战 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
本文介绍了国内外强震仪、力平衡加速度计、烈度计、MEMS加速度仪等强震动观测仪器的发展历史与现状，概述了强震动记录中典型异常波形产生的原因和力平衡加速度计的仪器响应误差及校正，建议了解决强震仪器缺陷的措施，分析了强震仪在强震动观测发展中面临的机遇和挑战。研究结果如下:① 进行强震动记录异常波形的研究是有针对性改进现有强震仪存在问题的很好途径；② 早期数字强震仪（力平衡加速度计频带范围0至30Hz）获取的强震动记录应进行仪器校正；③ 应跟踪强震动观测新方法和相关领域新技术，发展MEMS加速度仪和光纤加速度仪等新型仪器。 相似文献
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微机电系统（MEMS）表面加工工艺中的材料层厚度是决定MEMS器件性能的重要参数之一,如多晶硅结构层厚度和牺牲层厚度,直接决定了MEMS器件的机构性能和结构的纵向移动范围,因此对材料层厚度进行测试和工艺控制监视是极具意义的.当前的材料层厚度测试大多采用光机械的方法,因其测试方法复杂、设备昂贵、测试时间长且很难集成到一个工艺控制监视（PCM）系统中,提出一种新颖的材料层厚度电学测试结构,该测试结构具有结构简单、测量方便并且便于MEMS测试系统集成的特点.通过软件对测试结构和测试模型进行闭环验证,结果表明,模拟值与理论值有较好的一致性. 相似文献
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《国际泥沙研究》2022,37(6):833-846
Sediment transport has been extensively studied. There is still a need to learn more about the mechanisms that make bed particles move, which is caused by turbulent flow in the low transport stages (above the motion threshold and below continuous transport). This work is focused on the use of an advanced tool to obtain a better perception of sediment transport dynamical methods: an instrumented particle equipped with a micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) sensor. Particle transport experiments were carried out in a laboratory flume under a variety of well-controlled above-the-threshold-of-motion flow conditions. By using sensor data, the kinetic energies were calculated with different flow rates and particle densities (mimicking different types of sediments sizes) to generate the probability distribution functions (PDFs) of particle transport features, like the total kinetic energy of particles, which provided information about particle interaction with the bed surface during its motion. The energy transfer efficiency was also studied, which can link the rate of energy transferred from the flow to the particle transport, so it can determine how efficiently a flow can transfer energy to the particle and how it affects the magnitude of sediment transport. In general, the instrumented particle response by a series of experiments showed consistent and satisfactory results and demonstrated its capability to record inertial dynamics because of flow turbulence at low cost. These experiments used different particle sizes and densities than those found in real-world sediments because of sensor size and lab limitations. They do, however, provide a framework and trends that others can use to do more research into bed load transport rates in built canals and natural rivers. 相似文献
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基于智能手机的室内定位技术的发展现状和挑战 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
室内定位是未来人工智能的核心技术之一,对即将到来的人工智能时代起着举足轻重的作用。开发有效的室内定位新技术是工业界和学术界的研究热点,如谷歌研发的室内视觉定位服务技术、苹果致力推动的基于低功耗蓝牙的iBeacon室内定位技术以及百度携手芬兰IndoorAtlas公司推出的基于磁场匹配的室内定位方案等。然而,受室内复杂环境以及空间布局、拓扑易变等影响,实现准确、可靠、实时的室内定位,满足各类定位需求仍有很大的挑战性。目前,随着智能手机的普及和微机电系统技术的发展,智能手机内置多种传感器和支持丰富的射频信号,可提供不同的定位源。本文从智能手机的内置传感器和射频信号两个方面,综述了现有基于智能手机的室内定位技术,指出各种定位技术的优缺点和应用场景,分析室内定位的发展现状和存在难点,对室内定位技术未来的发展方向进行了展望。 相似文献
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全光网(AON，all—optical network)能在光域上实现高速信息流的传输、交换、路由和故障恢复等功能。实现全光网络的关键技术之一是用光交换代替电交换。光交换技术是真正实现全光网关键性功能的必要前提．也是目前国内外光通讯器件厂商研究和开发的热点。这里结合全光网的发展，介绍了一些常用光交换技术的基本原理、性能指标，并对这些常用技术进行了比较，最后对光交换的发展前景做了展望。 相似文献
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The landslide can destroy all kinds of constructions, and seriously hinder people's production and life as well as the development of national economy. Bolt is one of the main methods for slope treatment, but it is difficult to monitor its construction quality and anchoring effect directly. With the rise and development of MEMS (Micro-electro mechanical system) technology, MEMS sensors, with the advantages of small size, low cost and high precision, quickly come out from the conventional monitoring methods and provide new possibilities for the monitoring field in geological engineering. In this paper, based on MEMS sensors, a model test was designed to explore the stability of the slope after treatment by bolts. Natural river sands were used to prepare slopes with angle of 45° through the air-plluviation method. In addition, the tests were divided into two groups (with or without bolts). MEMS sensors were set up in the slope to wirelessly and continually capture the acceleration, angular velocity and angle of slope sliding triggered by simulated rainfall in real-time. It was found that: with no treatment, the acceleration and angle in the interior and the bottom of the slope gradually changed during rainfall, while those parameters in the rear and the surface of the slope had no significant change, which indicated that the slope creep mainly occurred in the interior and the bottom of the slope before failure. When landslides occurred, the movement monitoring indexes in the interior and the bottom of the slope suddenly changed, followed by those in the rear and the surface of the slope, which means that when the sandy slope slides, the interior and the bottom of the slope slides first, and then the rear and the surface of the slope surface fail. This is a typical retrogressive landslide. After the slope was treated by bolts, only creep could be observed during long-term rainfall, and the acceleration and angle in the bottom, interior and surface of the slope gradually changed, while almost no change was found in the rear of the slope, which shows that under rainfall conditions, overall creep occurs for the slope after reinforcement, the slope angle decreases, and there is no landside. The experimental results prove that MEMS sensors can realize low-cost, high-precision, continuous real-time monitoring of slope, and can capture gradual changes of movements before failure and the sudden change when landslide occurs. It should play a certain role in the study of landslide mechanism and landslide warning, and has a broad application in the field of geological engineering monitoring. 相似文献