电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)技术在地学研究中的应用   总被引：30，自引：0，他引：30  

李冰  杨红霞 《地学前缘》2003,10(2):367-378

简单介绍ICP MS技术应用最新进展。着重对该技术在中国地学研究和多目标地质调查中的应用作一回顾 ,包括ICP MS技术简介和地质样品分析需求 ,稀土稀散等痕量、超痕量多元素分析 ,铂族元素分析 ,卤素等非金属元素分析 ,同位素比值分析等内容。着重对最近几年国内地质样品分析的一些新方法加以介绍。  相似文献   

Seismicity anomalies before the great earthquake of M_S=8.1 in the Kunlun Pass and its significance to earthquake prediction     

刘蒲雄  郑大林  车时  潘怀文  刘桂萍  杨立明 《地震学报(英文版)》2003,16(2)

Introduction The MS=8.1 earthquake occurred in west of the Kunlun Pass on November 14, 2001. It is the greatest earthquake occurred in China since the last half of the century and is an important event in recent seismic history of China. Some specialists consider that the earthquake occurred in the area where the earthquake monitoring capability is lowest in Chinese mainland; no striking precursory seismicity was found. The study on the precursory seismicity before the earthquake has not b…  相似文献   

6 000 a BP以来长江下游地区古洪水与气候变化关系初步研究   总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9  

张强  姜彤  施雅风  苏布达 《冰川冻土》2003,25(4):368-374

通过对埋藏古树、泥炭、以及海相贝壳测年资料进行搜集和整理，结果表明：长江下游地区6000 a BP以来古洪水的发生与气候变化有着密切的联系。由于长江下游地区地势低平这一地貌特点，使得海面变化对于研究区洪水发生有着重要的影响，气候变化导致的海面上升对长江下游河段径流的顶托作用导致河流上溯以及地面排水不畅，致使洪水发生频率加大以及洪水危害的程度加强，出现“小水大灾”的现象，长江三角洲地区古洪水发生频率与美洲地区古洪水发生频率的对比研究表明，长江三角地区乃至整个长江流域在大的气候变化趋势上与全球其它地区是相似的，既有全球气候变化特点的同时又具有区域响应的特点，这对于未来研究区洪水发生的预测有着重要意义。  相似文献   

Optimization of the Sampling Technique for the Determination of Dissolved Hydrogen in Groundwater     

Axel Heimann  Silke Marczinek  Karin Kloosb  Stefan Peiffer 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2003,31(6):491-500

In this study a field‐sampling technique for dissolved hydrogen (H₂) in groundwater will be presented which allows the transport of gaseous samples into the laboratory for further analysis. The method consists of transferring the headspace trapped in a gas‐sampling bulb which is continuously purged by groundwater into previously evacuated vials using a gas‐tight syringe. Three transfer steps with preceding evacuation of the vial led to a H₂‐recovery of 100 % in laboratory experiments. The method has been applied to determine H₂ concentrations in an aquifer contaminated with chlorinated solvents. Tests concerning the effect of different pumping techniques on H₂ concentrations revealed that most reliable values were obtained with a bladder pump, while an electrically driven submersible pump generated considerable amounts of hydrogen due to electrochemical interactions with the sampled water. Concentrations of dissolved hydrogen in field and laboratory samples were about two orders of magnitude higher when sampling was performed with the electrically driven submersible pump compared to sampling with the bladder pump and a peristaltic pump. Lab experiments with a Plexiglas reservoir to produce H₂‐enriched water were used to study the effect of two tubing materials (PVC, polyamide) on H₂ losses. PVC tubing turned out to allow transfer of H₂‐enriched water over 25 m without significant losses, while PA‐tubing was not suitable for sampling of H₂.  相似文献   

Hydrologic and geomorphic effects of temporary ice‐dammed lake formation during jökulhlaups     

Matthew J. Roberts  Fiona S. Tweed  Andrew J. Russell   skar Knudsen  Timothy D. Harris 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2003,28(7):723-737

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Water and sediment outbursts from advanced Franz Josef Glacier,New Zealand   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Timothy R. H. Davies  Chris C. Smart  Jill M. Turnbull 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2003,28(10):1081-1096

The Franz Josef Glacier, Westland, New Zealand, has a history of catastrophic sediment‐laden outburst ?oods associated with extreme rainfall events when the glacier toe is advanced over its own sediments. Consideration of these events and inspection of recent sediment deposits suggest that there are three distinct modes of outburst. The ?rst is associated with fans fed by over?ow along the glacier margin. As the glacier has advanced across its own fore?eld gravels, it is inferred that the primary drainage conduit has developed a reach of negative slope. In high ?ows massive boulders can block the conduit, trapping lesser clasts. The resulting backup of water causes over?ows through marginal moulins, producing the fan type of deposit. The second type of outburst deposits massive imbricated boulders at a greater or lesser distance from the glacier portal. In this case, pressure buildup drives the blockage out of the portal where the boulders deposit. Smaller materials are generally carried away. The third type consists of very shallow ?ows, and produces massive gravel deposits of uncertain provenance. In this condition, the excess pressure in the conduit results in slight uplift of the glacier and widespread discharge of water and sediment below the glacier snout; gravels and smaller sediments are laid down in a massive deposit across the fore?eld. The massive, boulder‐veneered deposit from the December 1995 outburst is interpreted in the light of the above mechanisms as a hyperconcentrated ?ow deposit from hydraulic jacking, overlain by boulders emplaced by a subsequent conduit outburst. A possible association of outbursts with the present advanced position of the glacier is suggested. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Paleoecology of two marine oxygen isotope stage 7 sites correlated by the Sheep Creek tephra, northwestern North America     

Charles E Schweger 《Quaternary Research》2003,60(1):44-49

Pollen analysis at two sites, correlated by the presence of the 190,000 yr-old Sheep Creek tephra, documents fluctuations in vegetation and climate consistent with this date and indicates that the records span marine oxygen isotope stage 7 and the stage 6/7 transition. Dawson Cut, near Fairbanks, Alaska, provides a 5.2-m-long pollen record of interglacial boreal forest succeeded by shrub tundra and then forest/tundra. Ash Bend, Stewart River, central Yukon, provides a 9.5-m-long record of interglacial boreal forest succeeded by forest/tundra, shrub tundra, and herbaceous tundra. The replacement of forest at both sites by more open or tundra vegetation indicates warm interglacial conditions giving way to cold and arid climate. It is not clear whether stage 7 was warmer than the present. The warm-cool-warm climate oscillation evident at both sites may correlate to Lake Baikal substages 7a, 7b, and 7c. Sheep Creek tephra fell on forest/tundra vegetation.  相似文献   

Comparison of source rock geochemistry of selected rocks from the Schei Point group and Ringnes formation, Sverdrup basin, arctic Canada     

P. K. Mukhopadhyay  F. Goodarzi  M. A. Kruge  M. H. Alimi 《International Journal of Coal Geology》1997,34(3-4)

Organic-rich from the Schei Point group (middle to late Triassic in age) and the Ringnes formation (late Jurassic) from the Sverdrup basin of the Canadian arctic archipelago have been geochemically evaluated for source rock characterization. Most samples from the Schei Point group are organic-rich (> 2% TOC and are considered as immature to mature oil-prone source rocks [kerogen types I, I–II (IIA) and II (IIA)]. These kerogen types contain abundant AOM1, AOM2 and alginite (Tasmanales, Nostocopsis, Leiosphaeridia, acritarch and dinoflagellate) with variable amounts of vitrinite, inertinite and exinite. Samples from the Ringnes formation contain dominant vitrinite and inertinite with partially oxidized AOM2, alginite and exinite forming mostly immature to mature condensate- and gas-prone source rocks [kerogen type II–III (IIB), III and a few II (IIA)]. Schei Point samples contain higher bitumen extract, saturate hydrocarbons and saturate/ aromatic ratio than the Ringnes samples. Triterpane and sterane (dominant C₃₀) distribution patterns and stable carbon isotope of bitumen and kerogen suggest that the analyzed samples from the Schei Point group are at the onset of oil generation and contain a mixture of sapropelic (algal) and minor terrestrial humic organic matter. Sterane carbon number distributions in the Ringnes formation also suggest a mixed algal and terrestrial organic matter type. There are some variations in hopane carbon number distributions, but these are apparently a function of thermal maturity rather than significant genetic differences among samples. Pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry of the two samples with similar maturity shows that the Schei Point sample generates three times more pyrolyzate than the Ringnes sample. Both samples have a dominant aliphatic character, although the Ringnes sample contains phenol and an aromaticity that is higher than that of the Schei Point sample.  相似文献   

6-硝基-2-苯并噻唑重氮氨基偶氮苯与铜的显色反应及其应用   总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10  

张春牛  杨明华  郑云法  王智敏 《岩矿测试》2004,23(1):77-78

在pH10～12的Na2B4O7-NaOH缓冲溶液中,TritonX-100表面活性剂存在下,6-硝基-2-苯并噻唑重氮氨基偶氮苯与铜发生显色反应,生成2∶1的深红色配合物。配合物的最大吸收峰位于535nm处,表观摩尔吸光系数1.42×105L·mol-1·cm-1。Cu2+的浓度在0～400μg/L符合比尔定律。用拟定方法测定铝合金及铜矿石样品中的微量铜,结果与原子吸收法结果相符,6次测定的RSD<3%。  相似文献   

Discharge and suspended sediment dynamics during two jökulhlaups in the Skaftá river,Iceland     

Gareth H. Old  Damian M. Lawler  rni Snorrason 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2005,30(11):1441-1460

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