Adaptation to high light irradiances enhances the photosynthetic Cu resistance in Cu tolerant and non-tolerant populations of the brown macroalgae Fucus serratus     

Hanne Dalsgaard Nielsen 《Marine pollution bulletin》2010,60(5):710-717

The relationship between light acclimation and Cu²⁺ tolerance was studied in two populations of Fucus serratus known to be naturally non-tolerant and tolerant to Cu²⁺. Acclimation to high irradiances increased the photosynthetic tolerance to Cu²⁺. The xanthophyll cycle was apparently not involved in protecting the photosynthetic apparatus against Cu²⁺ toxicity, as results showed that Cu²⁺ did not induce dynamic photoinhibition. The higher photosynthetic Cu²⁺ resistance of high light algae did not result in increased growth. The excess energy acquired by high light-adapted algae appeared to be utilized in Cu²⁺ defense mechanisms in the Cu²⁺ non-tolerant population. The polyphenol content of the algae was reciprocal to the Cu_T content, suggesting that polyphenol may be the primary Cu²⁺ defense of non-tolerant low light algae, acting through secretion and extracellular chelating of Cu²⁺, while the compounds do not seem to be involved in the primary Cu²⁺ tolerance mechanism in Cu²⁺ tolerant algae.  相似文献   

毛乌素沙地油蒿群落演替的生理生态学机制   总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4  

张军  黄永梅  焦会景  夏显东 《中国沙漠》2007,27(6):977-983

对毛乌素沙地稀疏阶段、建成阶段和衰老阶段的油蒿群落的野外观测实验结果表明,不同演替阶段的油蒿群落对环境的适应性和生理生态特性表现出明显的差异。随群落盖度的增加,0—20 cm土层中土壤含水量明显增加,而在20—80 cm范围内有所下降。与稀疏阶段和建成阶段的油蒿群落相比,衰老阶段的油蒿群落的平均净光合速率低,光饱合点低,光能及水分利用效率最低,并且日变化过程也表现出受到了明显环境胁迫。在不同的演替阶段,油蒿的气孔导度与植物水势均呈线性相关。随植物水势的降低,处于衰老阶段的油蒿气孔导度降低速率最快。结合气孔导度和水分循环的关系,还初步探讨了毛乌素沙地油蒿群落演替的主要驱动因子。  相似文献   

The beam attenuation to chlorophyll ratio: an optical index of phytoplankton physiology in the surface ocean?   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Michael J. Behrenfeld  Emmanuel Boss 《Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers》2003,50(12):1537-1549

The particulate beam attenuation coefficient (c_p) is proportional to the concentration of suspended particles in a size domain overlapping that of the phytoplankton assemblage. c_p is largely insensitive to changes in intracellular chlorophyll concentration, which varies with growth irradiance (a process termed ‘photoacclimation’). Earlier studies have shown that the ratio of c_p:chlorophyll (i.e., c_p^*) exhibits depth-dependent changes that are consistent with photoacclimation. Similar relationships may likewise be expected in the horizontal and temporal dimensions, reflecting changes in mixing depth, incident irradiance, and light attenuation. A link between c_p^* and more robust photoadaptive variables has never been explicitly tested in the field. Here we use five historical field data sets to directly compare spatial and temporal variability in c_p^* with two independent indices of photoacclimation: the light-saturated, chlorophyll-normalized photosynthetic rate, P^b_opt, and the light-saturation index, E_k. For the variety of oceanographic conditions considered, a first-order correlation emerged between c_p^* and P^b_opt or E_k. These simple empirical results suggest that a relationship exists between a bio-optical variable that can potentially be retrieved remotely (c_p^*) and physiological variables crucial for estimating primary productivity in the sea.  相似文献   

重金属镉对斜生栅藻光合作用的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

段晨雪  张宝玉  伍松翠  冯建华  王广策 《海洋与湖沼》2015,46(2):351-356

本文研究了斜生栅藻(Scenedesmus obliquus)对重金属镉(Cd)的吸附情况及不同浓度的镉处理和恢复处理下斜生栅藻的光合活性。研究表明:斜生栅藻对镉有高达97%的吸附率,Cd2+对斜生栅藻的生长半抑制浓度(IC50-96h)为119.04μmol/L。浓度高于50μmol/L的Cd2+不仅会抑制叶绿素a的合成,还会明显抑制斜生栅藻的光合活性,并且这种抑制作用对于光系统Ⅱ更显著。添加新鲜培养基的处理方式,不仅不能恢复其光合活性,反而导致其实际光合量子产量和最大光合量子产量几乎为零。而浓度为1—10μmol/L的Cd2+对斜生栅藻的损伤并不大,尚能保持较高的光合活性。因此,我们初步认为斜生栅藻作为治理镉污染水体的吸附材料有着良好的发展前景。  相似文献   

Growth and survival of Halimione portulacoides stem cuttings in heavy metal contaminated soils     

《Marine pollution bulletin》2013,76(1-2):28-32

The halophytic shrub Halimione portulacoides demonstrates a high tolerance to heavy metal contamination and a capacity for accumulating metals within its tissues. On the Iberian Peninsula, this species has colonized habitats with high levels of metal pollution. The aim of this study is to analyze the response of H. portulacoides stem cuttings to this pollution. Growth, photosynthesis and metal uptake were examined in H. portulacoides through an experiment in which stem cuttings were replanted in metal-contaminated soil. This condition decreased growth and lowered both photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance. Reduced photosynthetic performance was largely due to the reduced concentration of photosynthetic pigments. Despite these responses, there was some important evidence suggesting the phytoremediatory potential of Halimione stem cuttings. The results of our study indicate that this salt-marsh shrub may represent a biotool of value in the restoration of polluted areas.  相似文献   

有机锡对海洋微藻的生理效应

──Ⅱ.三苯基锡和三丁基锡对扁藻和金藻光合作用的影响   总被引：19，自引：1，他引：19  

高尚德  吴以平  赵心玉 《海洋与湖沼》1994,25(4):362-367

于１９９１年４月－１９９２年１月，分别用不同浓度的三苯基氯化锡和三丁基氯化锡培养扁藻和金藻，测定２４，４８和７２ｈ两种藻的净光合速率和生长速率。结果表明，ＴＢＴＣ对两种藻的毒性大于ＴＰＴＣ；ＴＰＴＣ和ＴＢＴＣ在浓度为０．２μｇ／Ｌ时，对两种藻的光合作用有轻微影响；浓度大于０．４μｇ／Ｌ，两种藻的光合作用不同程序地受到抑制。扁藻对有机锡的耐受力大于金藻：扁藻用两种锡处理后，第一天受害最严重，第二天和  相似文献   

海藻光合作用测定新方法——海水流通式测定法     

高坤山  华文青 《海洋科学》1997,21(6):33-36

新测定方法采用开放式测定系统。测定时，海水不断地流过海藻，使其周围的环境与在海中相似，避免了传统封闭式测定系统中的“瓶效应”。这种新方法根据海水的流量、流入与注出海经水中溶解氧浓度的差以及管内海藻的生物量算出光合作用速度，具有简便、可靠以及能够测定个体较大海藻的优点。  相似文献   

Carbon and nitrogen fixation differ between successional stages of biological soil crusts in the Colorado Plateau and Chihuahuan Desert   总被引：13，自引：2，他引：13  

D.C. Housman  H.H. Powers  A.D. Collins  J. Belnap 《Journal of Arid Environments》2006,66(4):620-634

Biological soil crusts (cyanobacteria, mosses and lichens collectively) perform essential ecosystem services, including carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) fixation. Climate and land-use change are converting later successional soil crusts to early successional soil crusts with lower C and N fixation rates. To quantify the effect of such conversions on C and N dynamics in desert ecosystems we seasonally measured diurnal fixation rates in different biological soil crusts. We classified plots on the Colorado Plateau (Canyonlands) and Chihuahuan Desert (Jornada) as early (Microcoleus) or later successional (Nostoc/Scytonema or Placidium/Collema) and measured photosynthesis (P_n), nitrogenase activity (NA), and chlorophyll fluorescence (F_v/F_m) on metabolically active (moist) soil crusts. Later successional crusts typically had greater P_n, averaging 1.2–1.3-fold higher daily C fixation in Canyonlands and 2.4–2.8-fold higher in the Jornada. Later successional crusts also had greater NA, averaging 1.3–7.5-fold higher daily N fixation in Canyonlands and 1.3–25.0-fold higher in the Jornada. Mean daily F_v/F_m was also greater in later successional Canyonlands crusts during winter, and Jornada crusts during all seasons except summer. Together these findings indicate conversion of soil crusts back to early successional stages results in large reductions of C and N inputs into these ecosystems.  相似文献   

不同生长季节光照强度和温度对柠条叶片光合作用和呼吸作用的影响   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

王邦锡  黄久常 《中国沙漠》1996,16(2):145-148

表观光合速率在夏季高于秋季并随光照强度增加递增，光饱和点、光补偿点和饱和光下的ＣＯ２补偿点夏季高于秋季，而呼吸作用和叶绿素的含量则较低。这表明秋季叶片光合速率降低与叶绿素含量无关，除部分受呼吸作用影响外，可能还受其它因素的影响。表观光合速率和真光合速率在２５℃时最高，随处理温度升高迅速递降，而呼吸速率则递增。延长温度的处理时间，光合作用和呼吸作用的变幅增大，秋季比夏季明显。这些结果表明，柠条叶片的光合作用和呼吸作用对温度敏感而不耐高温。  相似文献   

Photosynthetic responses to Cu2+ exposure are independent of light acclimation and uncoupled from growth inhibition in Fucus serratus (Phaeophyceae)     

Nielsen HD  Nielsen SL 《Marine pollution bulletin》2005,51(8-12):715-721

We have studied the effect of light acclimation on photosynthetic responses and growth during Cu²⁺ exposure (0–0.84 μM) in the brown seaweed Fucus serratus. Measurements of chlorophyll fluorescence parameters showed that Cu²⁺ exposure amplified ETR, reduced the chlorophyll content at the cellular level and that there was no effect of light adaptation on the Cu²⁺ resistance of the algae. In contrast to the inhibitory effects of Cu²⁺ on chlorophyll fluorescence, O₂ evolution and the total content of chlorophyll and carotenoid of the algae was unaffected by Cu²⁺. We conclude that photoinhibition and perhaps pigment degradation in the meristoderm was compensated for by cells deeper in the thallus with the result that the overall photosynthetic fitness of the algae was maintained. The pronounced inhibitory effects of Cu²⁺ on algae growth was not a consequence of photoinhibition and could be attributed to direct inhibitory effects on the growth process.  相似文献