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General nutrient components including moisture, ash, crude protein, lipid and carbohydrate, inorganic elements, photosynthetic pigments, amino acids and fatty acids of Bangia sp. were analyzed and compared with Porphyra yezoensis. The results indicated that the content of protein, total amino acids and free amino acids accounted for 47.2% , 42.6% and 3.3% in dried Bangia sp. , respectively, all essential amino acids were present in relatively high levels and desirable composition. Lipid was 1.8%, in which the eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) reached 50.5% . In per 100 g dried material, the content of chlorophyll, carotenoids, phycoerythrin and phycocyanin accounted for 766, 208, 4 600 and 2963 mg, respectively. Inorganic elements necessary for human body were found to be abundant in Bangia sp. The results showed that the nutritive value of Bangia sp. was the highest among algae reported so far, and the industry of Bangia sp. was provided with significant economic importance and developing potential. 相似文献
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不同氮磷比对中肋骨条藻生长特性的影响 总被引：29，自引：0，他引：29
本文对在不同氮磷比（1：1，4：1，16：1，80：1，160：1）的培养条件下，中肋骨条藻的生长和营养生理特征进行了研究。结果表明：中肋骨条藻生长和生理状态受氮磷化的影响比较明显。在N／P＝16：1的状态下，其生长速度最快，细胞数量最高；在氮磷比大于16状态下的生长速度要优于氮磷比小于16的营养状态，说明其生长主要受到氮的限制。叶绿素a浓度受氮磷比的影响与细胞的生长基本相一致。相反，藻细胞内碳水化合物和蛋白质的合成和积累量在氮磷比≤16的状态下高于氮磷比大于16的状态。 相似文献
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扁玉螺蛋白质、脂肪含量的季节变化 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
测定和分析了1999年12月－2000年11月的扁玉螺不同部位的蛋白质和脂肪。结果表明，扁玉螺蛋白质和脂肪的季节变化都与水温和繁殖季节有关，存在明显的季节性，但水存在明显的差别差异。蛋白质以足部最高，为82．04％；性腺和肝脏的蛋白质都比较低，小于70％。脂肪以足部最低，仅有1．83％；性腺和肝脏的脂肪都比较高，尤其是雌性性腺，年平均为12．85％，4月份可高达19．36％。 相似文献
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The seasonal and vertical variations in the patterns of photosynthate allocation into biomolecules by natural phytoplankton assemblages were determined, together with their species composition, in a coastal station of the central Cantabrian Sea (southern Bay of Biscay). Chlorophyll-a concentration ranged from values below 20 mg m−2 in winter to values above 80 mg m−2 during spring and during an upwelling event in summer. Low primary production rates (<300 mgC m−2 d-1) were measured during winter and during summer stratification periods. The rate of C fixation during summer upwelling conditions exceeded 3500 mgC m−2 d−1. In terms of photosynthate partitioning, proteins were the dominant fraction, as they typically accounted for >30% of total photo-assimilated C, with polysaccharides and low molecular weight metabolites showing incorporation percentages around 10–30%. Relative C incorporation into lipids was generally <15%. Recurrent patterns of vertical variability in photosynthate partitioning were observed: the relative synthesis of proteins increased toward the bottom of the euphotic zone, whereas the relative C incorporation into polysaccharides and lipids tended to be higher near the surface. When primary production decreased, the synthesis of proteins was maintained more than that of other molecules. Throughout the year, the relative synthesis of proteins was inversely correlated with phytoplankton biomass, production and growth rate. The conservation of protein synthesis under growth-limiting conditions and the enhancement of lipid and polysaccharide synthesis when irradiance is high seem to constitute general patterns of photosynthate partitioning in marine phytoplankton. In our study, these patterns represented metabolic strategies of phytoplankton in response to changing environmental factors, rather than the effect of variations in the species composition of the community. 相似文献
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通过预测、筛选并合成合浦珠母贝无定形碳酸钙结合蛋白(ACCBP)潜在的功能性肽段,发现位于其 C末端含乙酰胆碱结合位点保守区域的多肽具有显著的生物矿化功能;体外碳酸钙结晶速度实验显示该多肽能够延缓碳酸钙的结晶;体外碳酸钙结晶实验显示其能够显著影响方解石晶体的晶貌,使得方解石晶体的边缘呈现出阶梯状台阶现象;体外模拟间液离子环境碳酸钙结晶实验显示其能够抑制文石晶体成核或促进已成核文石晶体生长,使得实验组中的文石晶体颗粒数量显著减少并多呈现球形.结果提示了 ACCBP 上乙酰胆碱结合位点不仅能够直接参与生物矿化,并且很可能是其参与矿化的重要区域 相似文献
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采用Cornell方法研究了初始重为(2.0±0.1)g的重口裂腹鱼幼鱼日粮中常量营养物质的适宜需求量。日粮中蛋白质、脂肪和碳水化合物梯度变化范围分别为33%—51%、3%—18%和24%—33%,试验周期为60d。试验结果表明,除日粮蛋白质33%组鱼成活率明显下降外(P<0.05),其它试验日粮中3种常量营养物质含量对重口裂腹鱼幼鱼成活率没有显著影响(P>0.05)。当日粮蛋白质水平≤45%时,其特定生长率随着日粮蛋白质水平上升而明显增加;当日粮蛋白质水平在33%—36%时,重口裂腹鱼的特定生长率显著降低(P<0.05)。除12%日粮脂肪组试验鱼外,9%日粮脂肪组试验鱼的特定生长率显著性高于其它脂肪水平日粮组(P<0.05),但当日粮中脂肪含量≥15%后,重口裂腹鱼鱼体脂肪含量显著上升(P<0.05),肝细胞脂肪变性明显。日粮中不同的碳水化合物水平对重口裂腹鱼特定生长率没有显著影响(P>0.05),但当日粮中碳水化合物为33%时,鱼体糖原含量显著增加(P<0.05)。试验表明,重口裂腹鱼幼鱼日粮蛋白质、脂肪和碳水化合物3种常量营养物质的适宜需求量分别为45%、9%和≤30%。日粮总能为19.0MJ/kg,蛋白质能量比(P/E)为23mg/J。 相似文献
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蛋白质营养对工业化养殖大菱鲆生长、消化和免疫的效应 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在封闭循环水养殖条件下, 选用体质量为(145.08±0.56)g 大菱鲆(Scophthatmus maximus L.)幼鱼,进行4 种蛋白质梯度水平(41%、46%、50%、55%, 即I、II、III、IV 组)的单因素试验74 d, 研究蛋白质营养对工业化养殖大菱鲆生长、消化酶、免疫机能的影响。结果表明: (1) 试验鱼增质量率随日粮蛋白质含量升高而提高, 中高蛋白水平(III、IV 组)增质量率分别极显著或显著高于I、II 组18.46%~65.75%,III、IV 组间无显著差异; 饲料系数则相应下降, III、IV 组分别极显著低于I 组21.15%~27.73%(P<0.01),II、III、IV 组间无显著差异;(2)大菱鲆胃肠、肝胰脏的蛋白酶活力随蛋白水平升高而显著增强, 其中IV组胃蛋白酶活力分别极显著高于其他组15.28%~31.96% (P<0.01), 肝胰脏胰蛋白酶活力分别显著或极显著高于其他组9.74%~26.29%; 胃肠淀粉酶、肝胰脏淀粉酶及脂肪酶活性受饲料蛋白水平影响不显著;(3)随日粮蛋白含量提高, 各试组鱼成活率与主要免疫器官溶菌酶活力呈先上升后缓降的趋势, III 组最优, 其成活率高于低、高蛋白水平组2.86%~9.34%, 但4 组间差异不显著; 肝脏溶菌酶活力分别极显著高于I 组80.07%(P< 0.01), 显著高于II 组43.56%(P< 0.05); 头肾溶菌酶活力极显著高于I、II 组67.78%和35.76%(P< 0.01); 与IV 组差异不显著;(4)血清ACP 及LYZ 活力随日粮蛋白水平提高先升后降, III组LYZ 活力极显著高于I 组31.92%(P< 0.01), 显著高于II 组18.72%(P< 0.05); 血MDA 随蛋白水平提高显著降低, IV 组分别极显著低于I、II、III 组13.26%~31.61%; 血清SOD 活力及C3 补体含量随日粮蛋白含量增加而提高, 但各组间差异不显著。结果表明, 日粮中、高蛋白质含量显著促进大菱鲆幼鱼的生长性能和蛋白质消化酶活力, 而中等蛋白水平更加有利于幼鱼重要免疫机能的发挥和成活率的提高。因而, 日粮中等蛋白质含量更适宜于工业化循环水养殖大菱鲆幼鱼的蛋白质营养和健康生长。 相似文献
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Both supply and demand side changes are necessary to achieve a sustainable food system. However, the weight accorded to these depends on one’s view of what the priority goals are for the food system and the extent to which production systems versus consumption patterns are open to change. Some stakeholders see the problem as one of ‘not enough food’ and focus on the need to sustainably increase supply, while others consider the resource demanding and ‘greedy’ consumption patterns of the Western world as the main problem and emphasize the need to shift diets. In this study global land use and greenhouse gas emissions are estimated for a set of scenarios, building on four ‘livestock futures’ reflecting these different perspectives. These scenarios are: further intensification of livestock systems; a transition to plant-based eating; a move towards artificial meat and dairy; and a future in which livestock production is restricted to the use of ‘ecological leftovers’ i.e. grass from pastures, food waste and food and agricultural byproducts. Two dietary variants for each scenario are modelled: 1) a projected diet following current trends and 2) a healthy diet with more fruits and vegetables and fewer animal products, vegetable oils and sugar. Livestock production in all scenarios (except the baseline scenario) was assumed to intensify to current levels of intensive production in North-Western Europe. For each scenario, several variant assumptions about yield increases and waste reductions were modelled. Results show that without improvements in crop productivity or reductions on today’s waste levels available cropland will only suffice if production of all protein currently supplied by animal foods is replaced by (hypothetical) artificial variants not requiring any land. With livestock intensities corresponding to current ones in North-Western Europe and with yield gaps closed by 50% and waste reduced by 50%, available cropland will suffice for all scenarios that include a reduction of animal products and/or a transition to poultry or aquaculture. However, in the scenario based on an extrapolation of current consumption patterns (animal product amounts and types consumed in proportions corresponding to the current average consumption in different world regions) and with livestock production based on feed from cropland, available cropland will not be enough. The scenario that makes use of pastures for ruminant production and food waste for pigs, uses considerably less cropland and could provide 40–56 kg per capita per year of red meat. However, such a livestock future would not reduce GHG emissions from agriculture on current levels. This study confirms previous research that to achieve a sustainable food future, action is needed on all fronts; improved supply and reduced demand and waste. 相似文献