排序方式： 共有64条查询结果，搜索用时 15 毫秒
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利用取消流域土壤表层饱和导水率0K、土壤饱和导水率有效衰减系数m和地下水补给速率R为空间均匀假设的幂指数TOPMODEL,对流域水量平衡各分量进行敏感性研究试验,揭示空间非均匀性对幂指数TOPMODEL模拟结果的影响。从特定研究流域所得结果中可得的主要结论有:1)0K、m和R的空间变化对流域的逐日地表径流和基流以及逐日总径流有影响,针对设定的0K、m和R的空间变化,其中m的空间变化较明显地增加了逐日地表径流和洪峰流量。2)就设定的0K、m和R的空间变化而论,对流域多年平均年总径流以及蒸发模拟结果影响不大,但改变了径流在地表径流和基流之间的分配;其中R的空间变化影响最显著,m和0K的空间变化影响则较小。 相似文献
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基于改进型SIMTOP参数化径流方案和新安江模型的三层土壤水量平衡计算方法,本文构建了一个输入数据和率定参数较少、同时具有地形指数尺度转换机制、较好描述二维水文过程的简单高效的大尺度水文模型TOPX,并将其与区域环境系统集成模式RIEMS紧密耦合,以增强区域气候模式对大尺度流域径流量的定量数值模拟能力．TOPX模型在酉水河流域和泾河流域的离线测试表明：该模型对小尺度流域的径流量模拟精度较高,能够较好地描述流域水文变化过程;同时,该模型在大尺度上具有较强的分布式模拟能力,能够捕捉陆面水文过程的主要特征和时空演变特点．TOPX与RIEMS的耦合模式在泾河流域进行了在线测试,借助TOPX模型中的地形指数降尺度转换和水文过程产汇流机制,耦合模式实现了利用区域气候模式模拟的气象资料来驱动水文模型进行大尺度流域日径流量的模拟．进一步分析还表明：区域气候模式RIEMS模拟的降水时空分布数据的精度是影响耦合模式对径流量模拟效果的关键因素． 相似文献
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利用天气雷达观测资料预报小流域流量 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
将天气雷达降水临近预报与半分布式水文模型TOPMODEL(TOPography based hydrological MODEL)相结合,研究了降水临近预报延伸小流域流量预报预见期的可行性。研究流域为淠河(安徽省内)上游的佛子岭流域(1813km~2)内划分出的6个上游源头小流域(约60—100km~2)。用雷达估测的降水得到的流量输出作为参考,与1h降水临近预报得到的流量输出进行比较。结果表明:定量降水临近预报准确率是延伸小流域流量预报预见期的关键;基于所研究的个例,定量降水临近可以延长小流域流量预报预见期平均约0.7h左右,但其延长程度还受到具体降水过程、流域属性等的影响。 相似文献
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提出一种基于水文模拟建立中小河流洪水气象风险等级临界累积面雨量指标（简称气象风险等级指标）的方法,由水位-流量曲线估计不同风险等级相应的临界参考流量,将2009年5月1日—9月30日綦江五岔、东溪、石角水文站的08：00BST报汛流量和雷达联合地面雨量计估测的流域面雨量作为TOPMODEL降水-径流模型率定时的流量和降水输入;在TOPMODEL水文模拟的基础上,选取2009年峰值流量过程,设计不同的小时面雨量序列进行水文模拟,得到峰值流量与流域累积面雨量的关系,根据临界参考流量,建立不同气象风险等级的临界累积面雨量指标;用2010年相应流域洪峰过程对所建立的指标进行检验。结果表明,利用气象风险等级指标推断的风险等级与实际洪峰对应的风险等级较为一致。 相似文献
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TOPMODEL模型在重庆市开县温泉小流域径流模拟中的应用研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
以重庆市开县温泉流域(984km2)为研究区域,利用自动雨量站资料作为TOPMODEL(TOPography based hydrological MODEL)降水一径流模型的输入,以08:00 BST观测的流域出口流量作为模型率定的依据,探讨了用小时面雨量和08:00流量资料和TOPMODEL水文模型进行小流域流量模拟的可行性.结果表明,以08:00流量为依据对TOPMODEL水文模型进行率定后,模型效率系数达到0.872.结果表明,TOPMODEL在所研究的流域基本上是适用的.此工作是自动雨量站资料、天气雷达定量测量降水产品等用于小流域山洪预报的基础工作之一. 相似文献
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In order to expand the application range of the classic Topographic Index model (TOPMODEL) and develop a more appropriate submodel of hydrological processes for use in the land surface model, two types of TOPMODEL are investigated, one with saturated hydraulic conductivity change with depth obeying exponential law (classical e-TOPMODEL or e-TOPMODEL for short) and the other obeying general power law (general p-TOPMODEL or p-TOPMODEL for short). Using observation date in the Suomo River catchment located in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River, the sensitivity study of the p-TOPMODEL was conducted and the simulated results from the model were examined and evaluated first, and then the results were compared with the results from the e-TOPMODEL to find the similarities and differences between the two types of models. The main conclusions obtained from the above studies are (1) topographic index and its distribution derived from the p-TOPPMODEL for the Suomo Basin are sensitive to changes of parameter n and m; (2) changes of n and m have impacts on the simulation results of various hydrological components (such as daily runoff, monthly averaged runoff, monthly averaged surface runoff and subsurface runoff), but have the weaker impacts on forty-year averaged total runoff; and (3) for the same value of m, the simulated results of e-TOPMODEL display higher surface runoff and lower subsurface runoff than the general p-TOPMODEL does but multi-year averaged total runoffs produced from the two types of TOPMODEL show insignificant difference. The differences between the two types of models indicate that it is necessary to pay close attention to correct selection from different hydrological models for use in land surface model development. The result mentioned above is useful to provide some referential information for the model selection. 相似文献
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The contribution discusses the problems with modelling design floods for water structures. The statistical extrapolations of observed flood series of, for example, 80 years “only” to the annual exceedance probability AEP = 0.01 is difficult due to the large variability in extreme values. For large dams, however, the AEP = 0.001 or 0.0001 is required. Most of the uncertainties in hydrological modelling are epistemic (uncertainties in model structure, model parameters, inputs, calibration data, and in measurements) and moreover some measurements can be disinformative. With powerful computers, it is now possible to produce very long series (100 to100,000 years in hourly time step) using precipitation and temperatures computed with a weather model. Within the framework of the Generalised Likelihood Uncertainty Estimation (GLUE) many (thousands) of such continuous simulations are produced and compared to the observed historical data. According to Keith Beven's Manifesto for the equifinality thesis the differences between modelled and observed values should not be larger than some limits of acceptability based on what is known about errors in the input and output observations used for model evaluation (e.g., for flow the current metering data are used). The unacceptable realisations are rejected. We have been working with the frequency version of TOPMODEL in various versions according to the unique characteristics of each catchment. Design hydrographs for water structures are then extracted from the acceptable realisations. The continuous simulation with uncertainty estimation seems nowadays the most promising method of computing design hydrographs for important water structures, even if issues associated with epistemic uncertainty of model assumptions remain. 相似文献
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经纬网格与流域计算的地形指数累积分布函数及其均值差异分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了改进陆面模式对水文过程的模拟,地形指数水文模型(Topographic-index hydrologicalmodel,TOPMODEL)已被应用于陆面模式(Land Surface Models,LSMs)。当前直接将TOPMODEL应用于全球气候模式(Global Climate Model,GCM)的网格单元的方案,简化了TOPMODEL在陆面模式中的应用。按GCM网格单元统计与按流域单元统计的地形指数分布函数之间的差异大小进行分析,可为研究TOPMODEL与陆面模式耦合的合理简化方案提供依据。利用2°×2°网格的长江上游山区和地势较平坦的亚马逊地区并应用航天雷达地形测量资料的地形高程模型数据,计算了地形指数、均值和累积分布函数,并应用相同的地形高程数据提取网格中的流域和水系并计算了各流域的地形指数、均值和累积分布函数。在此基础上,分析了按整个网格计算的和按划分的流域计算的地形指数累积分布函数及其均值的差异,并用e指数函数拟合地形指数累积分布函数。结果表明:(1)以整个GCM网格为单元统计的与按流域为单元统计的地形指数累积分布函数及其均值存在差异,但差异并不大,将TOPMODEL直接应用于GCM网格单元的这种简化方案是可行的;(2)用e指数函数能够较好地拟合地形指数累积分布函数。 相似文献