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1.
文章以内蒙古西部乌苏图勒河流域为范例,利用该流域2013—2014年逐小时降水和洪涝灾情资料,以及流域地形、土壤、土地利用等多源下垫面信息,构建了乌苏图勒河流域的径流—淹没模拟模型,并通过致灾过程的反演,建立了该流域不同气象风险预警等级(有一定风险、较高风险、高风险、很高风险)的动态临界面雨量方程。该方法的建立,对乌苏图勒河流域山洪灾害预警具有指导意义,也可为水文资料缺乏的流域确定致灾临界面雨量指标提供一种参考。 相似文献
2.
以沂河流域临沂站以上区域作为研究对象,基于数字高程模型(DEM)及GIS技术提取流域并划分子流域,对流域内气象站的降水记录采用泰森多边形法建立研究时段内的逐日面雨量序列,构建人工神经网络(ANN)和HBV水文模型。利用模型寻求流域内面雨量与河流水文特征的定量关系,结合不同的特征水位推算研究流域内不同等级的致灾临界雨量。结果表明:1基于两种模型建立的降水-径流关系均能取得较好的模拟效果,在研究流域内具有很好的适用性;2HBV模型作为一种半分布式水文模型能够更好地反应出洪水过程的物理特征,故当ANN模型由于大洪峰样本不充分导致临界雨量值确定不准确时,HBV水文模型的计算值更宜作为风险预警指标;3对比分析两种模型的结果,确定出基于不同前期水位的一、二、三级风险致灾临界雨量分别为:257~310mm,152~247mm,100~203mm。精细化确定的临界阈值可以为开展灾害预警服务提供依据。 相似文献
3.
以太子河流域为研究区域,基于流域内的气象水文数据、数字高程模型及土地利用等资料,采用HBV水文模型对流域的水文过程进行模拟,通过对模型参数的率定与验证,评估了HBV模型在该流域径流模拟的适用性,确定了适合太子河流域的最优化参数,结合水位-流量关系曲线,推算太子河流域不同等级洪水致洪临界雨量。结果表明: HBV模型对太子河流域的径流模拟效果较好,率定期与验证期Nash效率系数与确定性系数均超过0.60,模型中积雪和融雪模块(CFR)、土壤含水量计算模块(BETA)与响应模块(KUZ2、UZ1、PERC)中的这些参数最为敏感,模型基本模拟出了洪水对降水的响应过程。通过建立的HBV水文模型,结合小林子水文站的水位-流量关系曲线,以警戒水位、保证水位作为不同等级洪水的判别条件,推算得到了不同起始水位下太子河流域动态临界雨量指标,临界雨量随起始水位的升高而有所减小。 相似文献
4.
利用逐日气象水文资料,针对贺江流域进行HBV水文模型率定与验证,获得降水-流量关系,结合广西贺州市信都水文站的水位-流量关系,推算得到3个洪水风险预警级别对应的临界雨量,并通过2次历史洪水过程,检验该临界雨量在暴雨洪涝灾害风险预警中的应用效果。结果表明:(1)由HBV水文模型确定的贺江流域3个不同洪水风险等级下24h、48h的致灾临界雨量,预警效果较好;(2)HBV模型能很好地反映降水对贺江水文过程的影响,可为贺江流域暴雨洪涝灾害防御工作提供决策参考。 相似文献
5.
本文应用HBV水文模型对开都河流域焉耆站以上段进行了模拟,通过对模型的率定和校正,表明模型模拟的径流过程基本与实测值吻合,能够反映出年、月、日径流量的变化趋势,但是对峰值的模拟存在一定误差。通过HBV模型的应用,计算了不同流量和水位所对应的临界致灾面雨量,同时与历史上发生洪水的24小时和120小时的实际降水量进行对比分析,发现通过HBV水文模型推算的临界面雨量大于实际24小时降水量,可能与模型对洪峰的模拟效果有关。 相似文献
6.
基于海南省南渡江流域龙塘水文站1976—1987年和2009—2010年的逐日气象水文资料,采用HBV-D水文模型,通过对模型参数率定和验证,确定了适合南渡江流域的HBV-D水文模型最优化参数。结果表明:该模型在1976—1981年率定期、1982—1987年验证期和2009—2010年验证期的Nash-Sutcliffe效率系数分别为0.891,0.831,0.953,相关系数分别为0.944,0.912,0.977,达到了0.01显著性水平。通过建立的南渡江流域HBV-D水文模型进行模型反演,确定了不同前期水位 (7 m,8 m,9 m,10 m,11 m) 的面雨量和水位关系,根据龙塘水文站的警戒水位、10年重现期水位、30年重现期水位、50年重现期水位作为不同等级预警的临界判别条件,最终确定了不同前期水位的致灾临界面雨量指标。 相似文献
7.
基于HBV模型的淮河流域洪水致灾临界雨量研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
根据流域暴雨洪水致灾机制,文章提出了考虑前期基础水位的动态致灾临界雨量指标,并以淮河上游地区为例,基于HBV水文模型建立了降水-流量-水位关系,并根据这种关系确立了临界雨量确定的方法流程.首先基于历史水文数据率定和验证模型,得到适用于研究区的最优化模型参数,然后构建洪水上涨期水位流量关系,最后以是否达到致灾水位为标准,通过模型试算并结合水位流量关系曲线反推出致灾临界雨量值.在淮河上游地区的研究中,利用2002-2009年逐日气象水文数据对HBV模型进行了参数率定和检验,并针对洪水过程进行了参数优化,经过率定后HBV模型对王家坝以上流域具备较好的适用性,对典型洪水过程模拟的确定性系数和NASH效率系数均在0.8以上;根据王家坝站实测流量水位数据,构建了概化的单一关系曲线;结合HBV模型和水位流量关系得到了王家坝以上流域的动态致灾临界雨量指标,临界雨量值随前期基础水位升高而减小,并且随着前期水位的变化,临界雨量值呈现了明显的非线性响应特征. 相似文献
8.
东津河流域暴雨洪涝灾害风险区划 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
本文从暴雨致灾机理出发,以东津河流域为例,开展中小河流域暴雨洪涝灾害风险区划技术研究。根据气象资料、水文资料、地理信息资料、社会经济统计资料以及历史灾情资料等,运用TOPMODEL水文模型并结合统计法确定致洪临界面雨量,利用逐步回归法重建区域站资料序列,基于广义极值分布函数计算出不同重现期的致洪面雨量,根据流域内小时降水雨型分布,将不同重现期致洪面雨量以及叠加堤坝信息的DEM、manning系数等数据代人Flood Area模型进行洪水淹没模拟,得到不同重现期下洪水淹没图,再叠加流域内栅格化的人口、GDP以及土地利用信息,最终得到不同重现期下人口、GDP以及土地利用等风险区划图谱。建立的中小河流域暴雨洪涝灾害风险区划技术方法简便可行,区划结果精度高、实用性强,对于面向实时防灾减灾的动态灾害风险管理具有重要意义。 相似文献
9.
利用1988～1998年清江流域面平均降水量与清江隔河岩电站水库入库流量、1998年长江上游各流域面平均降水量与长江宜昌站洪水流量的关系进行分析,结果表明:利用长江上游各流域面降雨量作因子建立的统计回归方程,对长江宜昌站洪峰的预测预报具有一定的实际意义,特别是在面雨量预报具有一定精度的情况下,可作为气象与水文相结合的预测预服服务切入点之一. 相似文献
10.
水文模型在计算中小流域致汛临界面雨量中的应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在设定致灾标准的前提下,运用水文模型模拟降水和流量关系,反推不同基础水位达到致灾标准所需要的雨量,探讨中小流域临界面雨量计算的新方法、新思路。以湖北省荆门漳河流域为例,选取控制流域3/4面积的漳河水库为控制站点,利用新安江水文模型,通过1956—2012年36场洪水的模拟率定水文模型的参数,在此基础上结合漳河水库防洪能力,利用水文模型反推计算漳河水库不同基准水位、不同雨量分布条件下的致汛临界面雨量(到达汛限水位所需的面雨量)。结果表明:利用水文模型反推计算中小流域临界面雨量,能直观给出漳河水库不同基准水位、不同降水分布条件下的洪水入库过程曲线、水位变化过程曲线以及流域致汛临界面雨量,意义明确,技术方法可行,能有效丰富中小流域临界面雨量的计算方法。 相似文献
11.
The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
12.
Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
13.
Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
14.
Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
15.
Yuepeng PAN Mengna GU Yuexin HE Dianming WU Chunyan LIU Linlin SONG Shili TIAN Xuemei Lü Yang SUN Tao SONG Wendell W. WALTERS Xuejun LIU Nicholas A. MARTIN Qianqian ZHANG Yunting FANG Valerio FERRACCI Yuesi WANG 《大气科学进展》2020,37(9):933-938
正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on 相似文献
16.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,7(6):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
17.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,(5):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） pub- lishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmos- phere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
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19.
《大气科学进展》2014,(6)
正Aims Scope Advances in Atmospheric Sciences(AAS)is an international journal on the dynamics,physics,and chemistry of the atmosphere and ocean with papers across the full range of the atmospheric sciences,co-published bimonthly by Science Press and Springer.The journal includes Articles,Note and Correspondence,and Letters.Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
20.
DING Yihui WU Guoxiong Da-Lin ZHANG ZHANG Renhe Co-Chief Editors 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2014,28(5):669-670
As we will soon celebrate the 90th anniversary of the founding of the Chinese Meteorological Society （CMS）,Acta Meteorologica Sinica （AMS）,which was originally named as Bulletin of the Chinese Meteorological Society,has gone through 89 years of development and excitement since her first issue in July 1925.According to archived documents （CMS Editorial Committee,1925）,AMS was founded to report the research findings of Chinese meteorologists,record their recommendations for improving meteorological services,and share their common meteorological interests in order to promote the growth of AMS such that more members could be inspired to conduct atmospheric research and meteorological knowledge would be better disseminated to and benefit the general public.By upholding and carrying forward this purpose,AMS has published many highly valuable scientific papers.Some could be treated as classical articles,which have produced important influences on both domestic and international meteorological communities and the related fields. 相似文献