Patterns of waterbird community composition across a natural and restored wetland landscape mosaic,Yellow River Delta,China   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Donglai Li  Sihang Chen  Lei Guan  Huw Lloyd  Yueliang Liu  Juanzhang Lv  Zhengwang Zhang 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2011

Habitat restoration can help mitigate the extensive loss and degradation of estuarine and coastal wetlands that have consequently eroded the integrity of many migratory flyways and wintering habitat for waterbird populations. Assessing the impact of restoration strategies however relies on empirical data on waterbird community distribution patterns across natural and restored wetland components. We conducted habitat and waterbird surveys across six natural and restored wetland regions in the Yellow River Delta Nature Reserve (YRDNR), eastern China, between 2007 and 2009. We recorded 93 waterbird species, including populations of 21 global conservation importance species. Community composition was stratified into distinctive clusters with compositional structure changing across these natural, modified and restored wetland components. NMDS ordination revealed that waterbird communities in restored wetlands were significantly different from those in natural and modified wetland components. Community distribution patterns were strongly influenced by environmental gradients (most noticeably salinity), water-level regulation, vegetation composition and differences in protected status. We found marked temporal patterns in waterbird community composition, which may be predictable for the different wetland components across the YRDNR landscape. Our study highlights the conservation benefits of restoring smaller wetland components in improving the ecological integrity of the wider wetland landscape mosaic for waterbird populations. A more coherent and intensive landscape management of water-level regulation and restoration of salinity gradients will be fundamental for wetland and waterbird conservation throughout the YRDNR.  相似文献   

Reduced seabird night strikes and mortality in the Tristan rock lobster fishery     

《African Journal of Marine Science》2013,35(4):589-592

The main impact of the fishery for Tristan rock lobster Jasus tristani on seabirds at the Tristan archipelago and Gough Island is through night strikes, when petrels collide with a ship after being disorientated by its lights. Tristan fishery observers have kept records of night strikes on the MV Edinburgh since the 2010/2011 fishing season. Over the last three years, 723 seabirds from nine species were recorded coming aboard the fishing vessel, with at least 39 (5.4%) birds dying as a result. Birds killed were broad-billed prions Pachyptila vittata (41%), common diving petrels Pelecanoides urinatrix (23%), and storm petrels (Pelagodroma marina and Fregetta grallaria/tropica 36%). All these species are listed as Least Concern globally, and the numbers killed per year are <0.1% of the island populations. The captain and crew of the Edinburgh are aware of the problem posed by deck lights at night, and attempt to keep external lighting to a minimum. As a result, the numbers of birds coming aboard vessels in this fishery have decreased from an average of 130 birds per night in 1989 to less than two birds per night in 2010–2013. Currently, most incidents occur during exceptional events when circumstances require deck lights to be lit at night. Consideration should be given to banning fishing operations at night, at least on misty nights.  相似文献   

吊舱式直升机航空电磁技术示范应用   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0       下载免费PDF全文

王卫平  周锡华  范正国  金龙哲  于长春  吴成平 《中国地质调查》2015,2(5):1-7

吊舱式直升机频率域电磁、磁综合系统(以下简称“吊舱系统”)采用新型的宽带技术,数字化程度较高,系统较为灵活,尤其适合于地形较为复杂地区的矿产和水工环勘查工作。但由于吊舱系统在复杂山区飞行难度大,且没有实际工作经验,因此通过选择3个测区的吊舱系统试生产工作,在测量方法技术,数据处理方法和成果解释方面,以及基础地质研究、矿产勘查、地下煤火勘查方面均取得了显著成果。解决了航空电磁方法探测地下煤火区的电性结构特征问题,以及航空电磁方法直接寻找良导矿体的关键问题,弥补了航磁间接寻找多金属矿的不足,并取得了明显的勘查效果。  相似文献   

陕西省湿地与水鸟调查及保护对策   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

冯宁  孙承骞  周灵国  张璐 《湿地科学与管理》2008,4(3)

湿地是鸟类重要的栖息地,也是天然的物种基因库和人类最重要的环境资本之一。水鸟是湿地野生动物中最具代表性的类群,是湿地生态系统的重要组成部分,灵敏和深刻地反映了湿地环境的变迁。1998年以来,对陕西省的湿地类型和水鸟资源及分布进行了全面系统的调查。本文首次给出了陕西省湿地和水鸟的最新调查结果,并通过分析指出了湿地及水鸟面临的威胁和相应的保护对策。  相似文献   

鄱阳湖枯水期延长背景下越冬水鸟群落结构、丰富度及其空间分布格局   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

张娜  李言阔  单继红  涂小斌  张育慧  李跃  汪凌峰  应钦 《湖泊科学》2019,31(1):183-194

鄱阳湖是我国最大的淡水湖,也是具有国际意义的候鸟越冬地.本研究于2015和2016年越冬期对鄱阳湖越冬水鸟的群落结构、丰富度和空间分布进行了系统的调查,分别记录到水鸟494033和388017只,隶属于6目13科68种.雁形目和鸻形目鸟类种类最多,其次是鹳形目和鹤形目;从生态型来看,游禽32种,涉禽36种.雁鸭类相对丰富度最高,是鄱阳湖越冬水鸟的优势类群,其次是鸻形目鸟类,而2015和2016年鹤形目鸟类数量仅占当年总数量的2.6%和1.4%.在鄱阳湖湿地的不同区域,越冬水鸟种类组成差异较大.从空间分布来看,越冬水鸟主要集中在鄱阳湖自然保护区、九江湿地和南昌湿地.开展鄱阳湖越冬水鸟的种群数量调查,摸清越冬水鸟群落结构和种群丰富度现状,对于有针对性地开展越冬水鸟保护具有重要意义.  相似文献   

鄱阳湖候鸟栖息地湖泊悬浮有机质的碳氮分布及来源分析——以大湖池和沙湖为例   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

梁越  肖化云  刘小真  胡倩倩  丁新航  肖浩  杨慧慧 《湖泊科学》2018,30(6):1655-1663

以江西鄱阳湖国家级自然保护区的2个湖泊——大湖池和沙湖为研究对象,分析不同季节和水位悬浮有机质的碳氮稳定同位素（δ¹³C和δ¹⁵N）及碳氮比值（C/N）的变化特征,甄别悬浮有机质的来源.结果表明：在不同水位条件下,悬浮有机质的δ¹³C和δ¹⁵N均存在差异显著性.沙湖5月水位上涨时,悬浮有机质δ¹³C最正,均值为-26.4‰±0.9‰,10月退水后,δ¹³C最负,均值为-31.2‰±1.1‰.悬浮有机质δ¹⁵N值在5月和8月较低（范围为3.5‰~5.5‰）,10月也相对较低,均值为6.1‰±0.6‰,而12月相对较高（7.3‰~10.8‰）.悬浮有机质C/N值在10月最低,均值为6.5±0.6,小于7,与其他各月的C/N有显著差异,而其他各月C/N在7.8~8.7之间,不存在显著差异.大湖池悬浮有机质δ¹³C、δ¹⁵N各月的变化趋势与沙湖类似,并且两个湖泊在相同月份的δ¹³C、δ¹⁵N或C/N均不存在显著差异,但大湖池的δ¹³C和δ¹⁵N比沙湖的δ¹³C和δ¹⁵N均值略偏正0.1‰~0.5‰,C/N比沙湖的C/N略偏低0~0.4.有机δ¹³C、δ¹⁵N结合C/N示踪表明,大湖池和沙湖的悬浮有机质在5月水位上涨和8月丰水期主要来源于河流运输的土壤有机质,表层沉积物对5月悬浮有机质也有一定贡献（16%）,水生浮叶植物对8月悬浮有机质有一定贡献（25%）;10月秋季退水后悬浮有机质主要来源于藻类（77%）,表层沉积物有一定贡献（23%）;12、3和4月冬、春季枯水期悬浮有机质主要来源于表层沉积物,候鸟粪便对12月悬浮有机质有较大贡献（40%）,湿地植物碎屑对3和4月有较大贡献（47%和51%）.  相似文献   

鄱阳湖都昌自然保护区浮游甲壳动物群落时空分布特征及其驱动因子     

于新平  陈宇炜  王俊颉  李瀚成  邓枫  徐光锋  夏雨  刘金福 《湖泊科学》2023,35(3):998-1008

江西省都昌候鸟省级自然保护区作为鄱阳湖流域内占地面积最大的自然保护区,承担着保护世界性和国家重点保护濒危越冬候鸟资源等重要责任。探究都昌候鸟自然保护区浮游甲壳动物群落结构及其主要影响因子,可为都昌保护区内鸟类栖息地的生境保护与动态评估提供科学依据。2019—2021年1、4、7和10月对都昌保护区内4个区域的浮游甲壳动物的密度、生物量和水环境因子进行采样调查,运用多样性指数、Pearson相关性和冗余分析(RDA)等对都昌保护区水质情况以及浮游甲壳动物与水环境因子和叶绿素a之间的关系进行解析。结果显示,调查期间共鉴定出浮游甲壳动物31种,其中枝角类(20种)和桡足类(11种)。都昌保护区浮游甲壳动物年均密度213.81 ind./L,年均生物量为1.51mg/L。都昌保护区浮游甲壳动物群落结构时空变化较大,季节上,夏季或秋季浮游甲壳动物的生物量达到峰值,冬季浮游甲壳动物种类最少;空间上南矶一般区(D4)浮游甲壳动物密度和生物量较大,其次是撮箕湖一般区(D3),小矶山核心区(D1)和三山核心区(D2)差异较少。根据多样性指数和均匀度指数分析都昌保护区水质情况,结果表现为撮箕湖一般区(D3...  相似文献   

深水无粘结柔性管抗拉伸层屈曲问题研究进展     

杨旭  孙丽萍  艾尚茂 《海洋工程》2013,31(1):95-102

随着我国海洋石油工业不断向深水发展,深水柔性管即将获得广泛应用。深水柔性管结构形式复杂,其抗拉层螺旋钢缆在铺管安装和弯曲过程中可能受到轴向压载荷,产生鸟笼现象和侧向屈曲失效,是当前柔性管开发中的研究热点。介绍了国外在柔性管抗拉层钢缆受压载荷失稳的数值模拟和试验研究现状,为我国开展柔性管开发提供参考。  相似文献   

鸟类在湿地生态系统监测与评价中的应用   总被引：14，自引：0，他引：14  

王强  吕宪国 《湿地科学》2007,5(3):274-281

湿地是鸟类的聚居地,一方面湿地为鸟类提供了不可替代的生境,另一方面鸟类的分布、数量、繁殖、生理等特征对湿地所承受的种种干扰有所响应。因而鸟类可以作为湿地生态系统监测与评价的指标。从湿地植被、湿地水环境、湿地生物多样性、湿地污染、湿地生态系统监测与评价几方面论述了鸟类作为指示生物的作用。鸟类是湿地中主要的顶级消费者,其生存与低营养级生物乃至无机环境密切相关,而且所处营养级与人类更接近,所以鸟类作为指示生物不仅适于快速的生态系统水平的评价,也对人类所面临的环境风险有参考价值。在未来的湿地生态系统监测与评价中,繁殖分布范围大的鸟类、顶级肉食性鸟类应当受到足够的重视。  相似文献   

Model-based long-term reconstruction of weather-driven variations in chronic oil pollution along the German North Sea coast     

Alena Chrastansky  Ulrich Callies 《Marine pollution bulletin》2009,58(7):967-975

Lagrangian passive tracer transport simulations covering the 46-year period 1958-2003 were utilized to compare the exposures of different parts of the German North Sea coast to ship-related chronic oil pollution. Assuming the spatial distribution of oil releases to be proportional to estimated ship traffic density, detailed drift reconstructions allowed for the reconstruction of wind-induced inter-annual variations in coastal pollution. For the winter months, a statistical relationship between simulated advective transports and prevailing sea surface pressure fields was established via Canonical Correlation Analysis. Wind effects were found to be more important for the northern (Schleswig-Holstein) than for the southern (Lower Saxony) part of the German North Sea coast. For Schleswig-Holstein, simulations showed consensus with beached bird survey data from this region. Proper identification of weather-driven inter-annual and spatial variations in monitoring data helps to avert misjudgments with regard to trends in the general level of chronic oil pollution.  相似文献