GIS支持下地震与活动断裂关系研究--以上海及邻近海域为例   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

邬宁芬  周祖翼  劳秋元  刘昌 《大地构造与成矿学》2004,28(3):248-253

以MAPGIS软件为基础平台 ,利用GIS缓冲区分析和空间叠加分析技术 ,研究上海及邻近海域地震与活动断裂的关系。研究区地震活动断裂的发育程度以继承性NE -NNE向为主 ,但其活动强度不及NW -NNW向及近EW向断裂 ;沿NW -NNW向及近EW向断裂两侧 ,中强地震发生频率明显高于NE -NNE向断裂 ;不同时代活动断裂与中强地震之间存在一定的联系 ,表现为随着断裂活动时代变新 ,断裂周围中强地震发生的频率升高。  相似文献   

硫酸型酸雨参与碳酸盐岩溶蚀的研究进展     

黄奇波  覃小群  程瑞瑞  李腾芳  刘朋雨 《中国岩溶》2019,38(2):149-156

碳酸盐岩的H2CO3溶蚀产生岩溶碳汇,占整个岩石风化碳汇的 94%。西南岩溶区硫酸型酸雨严重,硫酸型酸雨广泛参与碳酸盐岩的溶蚀。H2SO4参与的碳酸盐岩风化是一个大气CO2净释放过程,具有减汇作用巨大。另一方面,岩溶区石灰土壤和地下水具有较高的pH值及盐基饱和度,对H+有巨大的缓冲作用,大气酸沉降在碳酸盐岩地区可能并不会造成地下水的HCO3-和pH降低;相反,较高浓度的SO42-所产生的盐效应和SO2-4与各种阳离子形成的离子对会增大方解石、白云石溶解度,可增强H2CO3对碳酸盐的溶蚀,这可能会使岩溶作用产生更大的碳汇效应。因此,硫酸型酸雨参与碳酸盐岩风化的减汇效应不仅可能被高估,硫酸型酸雨还可能增强碳酸盐岩的H2CO3溶蚀,具有增加岩溶碳汇效应的作用。应结合石灰土壤对大气酸沉降的缓冲容量和阈值及大气酸沉降的H+与土壤中盐基离子的交换量,并综合考虑盐效应、离子对作用、同离子效应,客观评价硫酸型酸雨流经石灰土壤层后对碳酸盐岩溶蚀吸收大气/土壤CO2的影响   相似文献   

Effectiveness of post-fire salvage logging stream buffer management for hillslope erosion in the U.S. Inland Northwest Mountains     

Peter R. Robichaud  Edwin D. Bone  Sarah A. Lewis  Erin S. Brooks  Robert E. Brown 《水文研究》2021,35(1):e13943

Active wildfire seasons in the western U.S. warrant the evaluation of post-fire forest management strategies. Ground-based salvage logging is often used to recover economic loss of burned timber. In unburned forests, ground-based logging often follows best management practices by leaving undisturbed areas near streams called stream buffers. However, the effectiveness of these buffers has not been tested in a post-wildfire setting. This experiment tested buffer width effectiveness with a novel field-simulated rill experiment using sediment-laden runoff (25 g/L) released over 40 min at evenly timed flow rates (50, 100 and 150 L/min) to measure surface runoff travel length and sediment concentration under unburned and high and low soil burn severity conditions at 2-, 10- and 22-month post-fire. High severity areas 2-month post-fire had rill lengths of up to 100 m. Rill length significantly decreased over time as vegetation regrowth provided ground cover. Sediment concentration and sediment dropout rate also varied significantly by soil burn severity. Sediment concentrations were 19 g/L for the highest flow 2-month post-fire and reduced to 6.9–14 g/L 10-month post-fire due to abundant vegetation recovery. The amount of sediment dropping out of the flow consistently increased over the study period with the low burn severity rate of 1.15 g L⁻¹ m⁻¹ approaching the unburned rate of 1.29 g L⁻¹ m⁻¹ by 2-year post-fire. These results suggest that an often-used standard, 15 m buffer, was sufficient to contain surface runoff and reduce sediment concentration on unburned sites, however buffers on high burn severity sites need to be eight times greater (120 m) immediately after wildfire and four times greater (60 m) 1-year post-fire. Low burn severity areas 1-year post-fire may need to be only twice the width of an unburned buffer (30 m), and 2-year post-fire these could return to unburned widths.  相似文献   

利用居民地聚类和缓冲区分析完善道路网眼     

郭敏  李冰  陈华龙  杜泽欣 《测绘与空间地理信息》2017,40(9)

对于十分规则的道路网(城市道路)来说构造网眼是十分容易的,且得到的道路网眼完整性较高,然而对于乡村道路,由于数据采集习惯或数据质量的影响,道路在居民地附近容易断开,导致计算机不能构造完整的网眼。本文针对这个问题,提出了利用居民地聚类和缓冲区分析的方法辅助道路网眼的构建,从而提高了乡镇郊区道路网眼的完整性,为采用网眼合并的方式进行综合的方法,以及各种基于网眼的空间分析提供了有效支撑。  相似文献   

遥感影像并行分割的无缝拼接算法     

丁翠  杨云涛  张建 《测绘科学》2017,42(4)

针对影像数据分块并行处理造成的接边问题,该文基于构建缓冲区的方法提出了一种新的拼接算法。该算法只在每一个数据分块的右侧和下侧构建缓冲区,消除拼接线的原则是保证分割边界的准确性和拓扑关系的正确性。数据分块完成后采用并行的策略对第一个块进行分割,然后将每一块的分割结果与相邻的块进行拼接,在缓冲区内按一定规则判断各块分割对象是否保留并对拓扑关系进行检查,拼接完各块后并行输出对象矢量化后的结果。通过实验验证,该算法不仅保证了分割边界的准确性,而且能够处理大影像,提高了工作效率。  相似文献   

嵌入式GIS系统实时响应的软件方法实现   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

胡泽明  岳春生  王志刚 《测绘科学》2007,32(1):98-99

嵌入式GIS的大量应用使得研究其实时性具有现实意义,选定嵌入式处理器等硬件平台后,可通过软件方法改善其实时性能。空间数据组织结构、多任务双缓存技术、地图符号绘制算法和合理数据调度等方法在本文中被详细阐述以提高实时性。测试结果表明,综合运用这些方法是有效的。  相似文献   

An isolation system for limited seismic gaps in near‐fault zones          下载免费PDF全文

Mohammed Ismail 《地震工程与结构动力学》2015,44(7):1115-1137

The ability of a recently proposed seismic isolation system, with inherent self‐stopping mechanism, to mitigate or even eliminate seismic pounding of adjacent structures is investigated under severe near‐fault earthquakes. The isolation system is referred to as roll‐in‐cage (RNC) isolator. It is a rolling‐based isolator that provides in one unit the necessary functions of vertical rigid support, horizontal flexibility with enhanced stability, hysteretic energy dissipation, and resistance to minor vibration loads. In addition, the RNC isolator is distinguished by a self‐stopping (buffer) mechanism to limit the bearing displacement under excitations stronger than a design earthquake or at limited seismic gaps, and a linear gravity‐based self‐recentering mechanism to prevent permanent bearing displacement without causing vertical fluctuation of the isolated structure. A previously developed multifeature SAP2000 model of the RNC isolator is improved in this paper to account for the inherent buffer mechanism's damping. Then, the effectiveness of the isolator's buffer mechanism in limiting peak bearing displacements is studied together with its possibly arising negative influence on the isolation efficiency. After that, the study investigates how to alleviate or even eliminate those possibly arising drawbacks, due to the developed RNC isolator's inner pounding as a result of its buffer activation, to achieve efficient seismic isolation with no direct structure‐to‐structure pounding, considering limited seismic gaps with adjacent structures and near‐fault earthquakes. The results show that the RNC isolator could be an efficient solution for aseismic design in near‐fault zones considering limited seismic gaps. Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

长事务缓冲区同步接边法     

宋伟东  姚鑫 《测绘工程》2004,13(2):44-46,56

数字地形图的接边问题实质是对两幅地形图的同步操作问题,提出长事务缓冲区同步接边法,以待接边边界为中心建立缓冲区,提取磁盘上另一幅地形图中落入缓冲区内的实体建立长事务,调入当前打开的地形图(当前数据库)中,实现了对两个待接边地形图的快速同步操作.用ObjectARX开发工具开发了在AutoCAD平台上执行的长事务缓冲区法接边程序,取得了满意的编辑效率和成图质量.  相似文献   

中国高放废物地质处置缓冲材料大型试验台架和热-水-力-化学耦合性能研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

刘月妙  王驹  曹胜飞  马利科  谢敬礼  赵星光  陈亮 《岩土力学》2013,34(10):2756-2762

缓冲材料作为高放废物深地质处置库中一道重要的人工屏障,与高放废物容器和处置库围岩直接接触,在高放废物衰变热、辐射作用和地下水等影响下产生复杂的热-水-力-化学耦合作用,为了验证缓冲材料是否能长期有效地发挥其屏障材料的作用,核工业北京地质研究院利用高庙子钠基膨润土组装并运行了模拟中国高放废物地质处置室 尺寸的大型缓冲材料膨润土试验台架（China-Mock-Up）。建立了缓冲材料试验台架的安装和试验方法,依据实测数据和理论分析,揭示了热-水-力-化学耦合作用条件下膨润土中的相对湿度是在加热器的热效应和外部供水的湿效应共同作用下发生变化的,压实膨润土中应力的变化主要是由于膨润土遇水膨胀和加热器的热效应引起的,试验验证了模拟高放废物地质处置室内加热器（废物罐）运行初期的位移过程,为缓冲材料和高放废物地质处置库的设计提供了重要的工程参数和理论依据。  相似文献   

氟化物固体缓冲剂-交流电弧直读发射光谱法测定化探样品中易挥发与难挥发微量元素   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

王鹤龄  李光一  曲少鹏  钱玉平  仇秀梅  董学林 《岩矿测试》2017,36(4):367-373

应用电弧直读发射光谱法测定化探样品,样品无需消解,采用固体进样的方式可以同时测定多个元素。但目前化探分析中常采用的固体缓冲剂(如焦硫酸钾、氟化钠)的电弧温度较低,只能分析银、硼、锡、铅、钼、铜等易挥发元素,而不能分析铬、锰、钛等沸点较高的难挥发性元素。本文通过碱金属控制较低的电弧温度,并利用难挥发元素能在高温条件下与氟离子发生化学反应降低其激发温度,配制了一种以氟化铝、聚三氟氯乙烯等氟化效率较高的化合物为主要成分的固体缓冲剂,通过优化分析线对的选择、曝光时间、电极形状等分析条件,实现了一次制样可同时分析地球化学样品中14种易挥发和难挥发元素。方法检出限为0.016~46.93μg/g,相对标准偏差为4.1%~12.3%,通过国家标准物质验证了准确度,测定值与标准值相符,各项参数都能满足地球化学普查规范要求。本方法分析效率高,在化探分析中具有一定的实用性。  相似文献