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31.
Camerlenghi Angelo Domack Eugene Rebesco Michele Gilbert Robert Ishman Scott Leventer Amy Brachfeld Stefanie Drake Allison 《Marine Geophysical Researches》2001,22(5-6):417-443
We present the results of a marine geophysical investigation of the northern Prince Gustav Channel. By comparative analysis of multibeam bathymetric data, single channel seismic reflection profiles, underway chirp sonar data, ADCP current data and sediment coring, we define the main morphological elements of the area. In particular we define the glacial morphogenesis in relation to the excavation of inner shelf basins and troughs along structural discontinuities and lithologic boundaries. We identify streamlined surfaces that testify to the grounding of ice and past ice flow directions. These glacial forms are found only on glacial tills preserved in the deepest part of the basins, while net erosion to bedrock has occurred elsewhere. Since the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), the relict glacial morphology has been draped by hemipelagic and diatomaceous mud, and bottom currents have played a major role in focusing sedimentation within small depocentres, that we define as contouritic drifts. Based on shallow sediment architecture and supported by direct measurements, we propose that the direction of bottom water flow is from the outer shelf into the Prince Gustav channel as a result of a combination of tidal currents and ice shelf-related thermohaline circulation. 相似文献
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Llave E. Hernández-Molina F.J. Somoza L. Díaz-del-Río V. Stow D.A.V. Maestro A. Alveirinho Dias J.M. 《Marine Geophysical Researches》2001,22(5-6):487-508
A Quaternary stratigraphic stacking pattern on the Faro-Albufeira drift system has been determined by analysing a dense network of high-resolution single-channel seismic reflection profiles. In the northern sector of the system an upslope migrating depositional sequence (elongate separated mounded drift) parallel to the margin has been observed associated with a flanking boundary channel (Alvarez Cabral moat) that depicts the zone of Mediterranean Outflow Water (MOW) acceleration and/or focussing. A consequent erosion along the right hand border and deposition on the left hand flank is produced in this sector. The sheeted aggrading drift is the basinward prolongation of the elongate separated mounded drift, and developed where the MOW is more widely spread out. The overall sheeted contourite system is separated into two sectors due to the Diego Cao deep. This is a recent erosional deep that has steep erosional walls cut into Quaternary sediments. Two major high-order depositional sequences have been recognised in the Quaternary sedimentary record, Q-I and Q-II, composed of eight minor high-order depositional sequences (from A to H). The same trend in every major and minor depositional sequence is observed, especially in the elongate mounded drift within Q-II formed of: A) Transparent units at the base; B) Smooth, parallel reflectors of moderate-high amplitude units in the upper part; and C) An erosional continuous surface of high amplitude on the top of reflective units. This cyclicity in the acoustic response most likely represents cyclic lithological changes showing coarsening- upward sequences. A total of ten minor units has been distinguished within Q-II where the more representative facies in volume are always the more reflective and are prograding upslope with respect to the transparent ones. There is an important change in the overall architectural stacking of the mounded contourite deposits from a more aggrading depositional sequence (Q-I) to a clear progradational body (Q-II). We suggest that Q-I and Q-II constitute high-order depositional sequences related to a 3rd-order cycle at 800 ky separated by the most prominent sea-level fall at the Mid Pleistocene Revolution (MPR), 900–920 ky ago. In more detail the major high-order depositional sequences (from A to H) can be associated with asymmetric 4th-order climatic and sea-level cycles. In the middle slope, the contourite system has a syn-tectonic development with diapiric intrusions and the Guadalquivir Bank uplift. This syn-tectonic evolution affected the overall southern sheeted drift from the A to F depositional sequences, but G and H are not affected. These last two depositional sequences are less affected by these structures with an aggrading stacking pattern that overlaps the older depositional sequences of the Guadalquivir Bank uplift and diapiric intrusions. 相似文献
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鄂尔多斯盆地西南缘奥陶系深水牵引流沉积 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
深水牵引流沉积是沉积学中的一个重要研究领域，包括内潮汐、内波沉积和等深流沉积两大类，主要发育于海洋深水区。深水牵引流沉积的研究起步较晚，目前主要集中于现代深海沉积和野外露头研究，对深埋地下的古代深水牵引流沉积发现较少，其所具有的油气潜能还不被人们所认识。本文论述了鄂尔多斯盆地西南缘奥陶系内潮汐沉积、等深流沉积的特征和沉积类型。内潮汐沉积是在研究区首次发现，以灰色中一细砂岩为主，部分为粗粉砂岩，单层厚十余厘米至数十厘米，砂岩以普遍发育双向交错纹理为特征。等深岩丘主要由3种碳酸盐等深岩组成，即砂屑等深岩、粉屑等深岩和灰泥等深岩，共发育有4种层序样式。最后，阐明了其油气勘探意义，并分析了其潜在的油气勘探价值。 相似文献
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贺兰山地区中奥陶统樱桃沟组深水牵引流沉积的发现及其意义 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
鄂尔多斯盆地西缘贺兰山地区的中奧陶统樱桃沟组发育一套夹有碳酸盐滑塌重力流沉积的陆源碎屑浊积岩,研究程度颇高。笔者在野外调查过程中于樱桃沟组浊流沉积体发育的环境中发现了相当数量的交错层理,如大型交错层理,板状交错层理,波状、脉状、透镜状层理和波痕等,曾一度被前人解释为浅水沉积环境的识别标志。本文结合当时的古地理背景、沉积环境和区域构造演化特征,通过对樱桃沟组野外露头的详细描述和岩石特征的精细刻画以及对该组沉积序列的详细分析,认为上述疑似浅水沉积环境的交错层理实为底流(深水牵引流)对浊流改造的结果,并分别形成了内波、内潮汐沉积和等深流沉积,这在研究区为首次发现。据此将其归纳为7种岩石类型:(1)双向交错层理粉砂岩;(2)束状透镜体叠加的交错纹理粉砂岩;(3)具波状层理粉砂岩;(4)单向交错层理砂岩;(5)水流波痕细砂岩;(6)平行层理细-中砂岩;(7)大型交错层理细砂岩。其中,前5种岩石类型为内波、内潮汐沉积,后两种为等深流沉积。研究表明樱桃沟组为深水牵引流沉积(内波、内潮汐沉积、等深流沉积)、重力流沉积(碳酸盐滑塌角砾岩、浊积岩)和原地沉积的复合沉积,并建立了该区水道型内波、内潮汐沉积模式。 相似文献
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Carbonate environments inhabit the realm of the surface, intermediate and deep currents of the ocean circulation where they produce and continuously deliver material which is potentially deposited into contourite drifts. In the tropical realm, fine‐grained particles produced in shallow water and transported off‐bank by tidal, wind‐driven, and cascading density currents are a major source for transport and deposition by currents. Sediment production is especially high during interglacial times when sea level is high and is greatly reduced during glacial times of sea‐level lowstands. Reduced sedimentation on carbonate contourite drifts leads to early marine cementation and hardened surfaces, which are often reworked when current strength increases. As a result, reworked lithoclasts are a common component in carbonate drifts. In areas of temperate and cool water carbonates, currents are able to flow across carbonate producing areas and incorporate sediment directly to the current. The entrained skeletal carbonate particles have variable bulk density and shapes that lower the prediction of transport rates in energy‐based transport models, as well as prediction of current velocity based on grain size. All types of contourite drifts known in clastic environments are found in carbonate environments, but three additional drift types occur in carbonates because of local sources and current flow diversion in the complicated topography inherent to carbonate systems. The periplatform drift is a carbonate‐specific plastered drift that is nearly exclusively made of periplatform ooze. Its geometry is built by the interaction of along‐slope currents and downslope currents, which deliver sediment from the adjacent shallow‐water carbonate realm to the contour current via a line source. Because the periplatform drift is plastered on the slopes of the platforms it is also subject to mass gravity flow and large slope failures. At platform edges, a special type of patch drift develops. These hemiconal platform‐edge drifts also contain exclusively periplatform ooze but their geometry is controlled by the current around the corner of the platform. At the north‐western end of Little and Great Bahama Bank are platform‐edge drifts that are over 100 km long and up to 600 m thick. A special type of channel‐related drift forms when passages between carbonate buildups or channels within a platform open into deeper water. A current flowing in these channels will entrain material shed from the sediment producing areas. At the channel mouth, the sediment‐charged current deposits its sediment load into the deeper basin. With continuous flow, a submarine delta drift is built that progrades into the deep water. The strongly focused current forming the delta drift, is able to rework coarse skeletal grains and clasts, making this type of carbonate drift the coarsest drift type. 相似文献
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Christian Hübscher Mu'ayyad Al Hseinat Matthias Schneider Christian Betzler 《Sedimentology》2019,66(4):1341-1360
Based on integration of seismic reflection and well data analysis this study examines two major contourite systems that developed during the late Cretaceous in the southern Baltic Sea. The evolution of these Chalk Sea contourite systems between the Kattegat and the southern Baltic Sea started when Turonian to Campanian inversion tectonics overprinted the rather flat sea floor of the epeiric Chalk Sea. The Tornquist Zone and adjacent smaller blocks were uplifted and formed elongated obstacles that influenced the bottom currents. As a consequence of the inversion, the sea floor west of the Tornquist Zone tilted towards the north‐east, creating an asymmetrical sub‐basin with a steep marginal slope in the north‐east and a gentle dipping slope in the south‐west. A south‐east directed contour current emerged in the Coniacian or Santonian along the south‐western basin margin, creating contourite channels and drifts. The previously studied contourite system offshore Stevns Klint is part of this system. A second, deeper and north‐west directed counter‐flow emerged along and parallel to the Tornquist Zone in the later Campanian, but was strongest in the Maastrichtian. This bottom current moderated the evolution of a drift‐moat system adjacent to the elevated Tornquist Zone. The near surface Alnarp Valley in Scania represents the Danian palaeo‐moat that linked the Pomeranian Bay with the Kattegat. The previously studied contourite system in the Kattegat represents the north‐western prolongation of this system. This study links previous observations from the Kattegat and offshore Stevns Klint to the here inferred two currents, a more shallow, south‐east directed and a deeper, north‐west directed flow. 相似文献
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Three‐dimensional seismic characterization of a complex sediment drift in the South China Sea: Evidence for unsteady flow regime 
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下载免费PDF全文 This study describes a previously unobserved reflection seismic configuration comprising a honeycomb planform and a repeated erosion/infill cross‐section, based on high‐resolution three‐dimensional/two‐dimensional seismic data and bathymetric data. The honeycomb structures cover an area of more than 5000 km2 and are developed within the Late Miocene to recent deep‐water sediments of the north‐western South China Sea. Linear erosional troughs up to 10 km long and 1 km wide are widely developed in this area, are intimately related to the particular seismic configuration and interpreted to represent a new type of sediment drift that is caused by unsteady bottom current regimes operating since the Late Miocene. The unsteady bottom current regimes are suggested to be triggered by irregular seabed morphologies. Considerable sea‐floor topography was generated as a direct result of tectonic movements in the area since the Late Miocene, and this topography then influenced the pathways of strong bottom currents. This study highlights that: (i) an unsteady bottom current regime can be laterally extensive and persist for millions of years; (ii) structurally controlled sea‐floor relief plays an important role in controlling the depositional pattern; and (iii) the bottom currents were active since the Late Miocene, flowing from the south‐east through the Xisha–Guangle Gateway and crossing the honeycomb structure zone. This study documents a new style of drift and will help to improve current knowledge of palaeoceanography and understanding of the South China Sea deep‐water circulation which is at present still poorly understood. 相似文献