构造的第三副面孔─—地貌的构造分析     

Ufim.  GF 周超凡 《地学前缘》1995,2(1):9-18

地貌构造分析或叫新构造分析，是大地构造研究中最重要的领域。新构造学探讨地貌及相关的沉积特征，以阐明岩石圈近地表部分的新构造作用。由于Ｓ．Ｓ．Ｓｃｈｕｌｔｚ、Ｖ．Ａ．Ｏ－ｂｒｕｃｈｅｖ、Ｎ．Ｉ．Ｎｉｋｏｌａｅｖ、Ｎ．Ａ．Ｆｌｏｒｅｎｓｏｖ等人的工作，新构造学已作为一门独立的学科出现在苏联地学界。新构造学理论的基础是年轻内生作用的速率和特征与地球表面地貌的相关性。区域和应用新构造学研究的目的在于依据地貌资料编汇新构造图及进行各类地质预测。本文以中亚、东亚及整个地球为例进行了探讨。  相似文献   

卫星遥感在西藏安多幅1∶25万区域第四纪地质调查中的应用   总被引：7，自引：3，他引：4  

张绪教  李团结  陆平  白志达  徐德斌  陈云芳 《现代地质》2008,22(1):107-115

对西藏安多县1∶25万图幅的ETM+图像进行几何精校正和镶嵌后,选取ETM+7、ETM+4、ETM+3波段进行假彩色合成并与全色波段融合,获得研究区1∶25万ETM+影像图;根据不同地质体的影像特征并结合野外踏勘,建立了遥感解译标志;对沉积物、地貌、水系及新构造等进行了初步目视解译,编制了1∶25万第四纪遥感解译图;结合野外地质调查,对研究区的第四纪沉积物的成因类型和分布范围、地貌特征及分区、新构造运动等方面进行了研究。区内分布最广的是晚更新世的冰水、冰碛物及冲洪积物;区内不仅存在晚更新世冰蚀谷,而且发育规模较大的中更新世古冰蚀谷;通过线性影像、水系及洪积扇的偏转等特征,对区内新构造进行了识别及活动性质的初步判断。此研究不但较好地体现了遥感技术在高原区域第四纪地质调查中应用的优点,而且为青藏高原隆升及其环境变迁的研究提供了参考资料。  相似文献   

Holocene crustal movements and sea-level changes in Great Britain     

Ian Shennan 《第四纪科学杂志》1989,4(1):77-89

Crustal downwarping has occurred throughout southern and south-eastern England and most of Wales for at least the last 4000 years, but the type of movement in some areas of southern and eastern England is more complicated than simple linear subsidence. Highest estimated rates of subsidence (since 4000 BP) are for the Thames Estuary and Norfolk (up to 2 mm/yr). Glacio-isostatic processes have resulted in uplift in northern England and mainland Scotland. The rates of uplift have decreased throughout the Holocene; estimates for the present range from zero in south Lancashire and the Tees Estuary to over 1 mm/yr (though less than 2 mm/yr) in central Scotland. Over 400 sea-level index points, from the databank of 904 cases collected for IGCP Project 200, are grouped into 15 main areas and used to investigate the nature of crustal movements in Great Britain since 8800 BP, but there are significant deficiencies in available data which constrain the analysis.  相似文献   

汾渭地堑的河流阶地对第四纪时期 印度-欧亚板块碰撞带的构造响应   总被引：1，自引：4，他引：1  

孙继敏  许立亮 《第四纪研究》2007,27(1):20-26

秦岭造山带前缘的汾渭地堑是新构造运动非常活跃的地区,地堑内发育了一系列第四纪河流阶地。通过对河流阶地及其沉积物的沉积学、土壤地层学、年代学及形成机制的研究,得到以下认识:渭河地堑发育了5级河流阶地,这些阶地均由底部的河床相和其上的第四纪风成沉积组成,这5级阶地最底部的黄土地层分别是L₃₃,L₁₅,L₉,L₆和L₂。在磁性地层学和气候地层学基础上,通过与深海氧同位素记录的对比,上述黄土层分别对应于深海氧同位素阶段104,36,22,16 和6;阶地年龄分别为2.60Ma,1.20Ma,0.90Ma,0.65Ma和 0.15Ma。新构造作用在渭河地堑的5级河流阶地的形成中起了决定性的作用,汾渭地堑及上述由正断层控制的河流阶地的形成与华北板块内部的NW-SE向地壳拉张密切相关,而后者与印度板块向北俯冲导致扬子板块与华北板块沿秦岭走滑断层的相对运动有直接联系,所以上述阶地的形成时期也正是第四纪时期印度板块向北阶段性俯冲加剧的时期。  相似文献   

Quaternary tectonic rotation in central Japan: Paleomagnetism of the Eboshidake volcanic rocks     

Yasuto  Itoh  Toshiyasu  Miyazaki  Seiji  Nishizaki 《Island Arc》2007,16(3):457-464

Abstract   Neotectonic crustal deformation in central Japan near a triple-junction of plates is investigated on the basis of paleomagnetic data. The progressive thermal demagnetization test isolated characteristic remanent magnetization from 18 sites of the early Quaternary Eboshidake volcanic rocks erupted around the termination of active strike-slip faults. The site-mean directions show considerably large scatter in declinations, and easterly deflection in average (D_m = −161.7°). On the basis of inclination statistics, measured inclinations (I_m = −48.9°, δI = 6.6°) are concordant with an expected value from latitude of the study area. Because the sampling was planned to cover a wide stratigraphic range and eliminate the effect of geomagnetic secular variation, an easterly deflection is attributed to clockwise rotation around vertical axis. Together with previous paleomagnetic data, the present study indicates that clockwise-rotated areas in central Japan are aligned on a northeast–southwest recent shear zone delineated through geodetic survey. Deflection and scatter of paleomagnetic declinations of the Eboshidake volcanic rocks are much greater than those extrapolated from a recent strain rate, and might be explained by complicated motion anticipated at fault terminations and/or enhanced crustal rotation under elevated temperatures around a Quaternary volcanic province.  相似文献   

IMPACT OF NEOTECTONICS ON THE RECORD OF GLACIER AND SEA LEVEL FLUCTUATIONS, STRAIT OF MAGELLAN, SOUTHERN CHILE     

M.J. BENTLEY  R.D. McCULLOCH 《Geografiska Annaler: Series A, Physical Geography》2005,87(2):393-402

ABSTRACT. This paper presents evidence for a neotectonic influence on Late Pleistocene/Holocene records of environmental change in the southern Strait of Magellan. We concentrate on one site, Puerto del Hambre, a key location for reconstructing palaeoenvironmental change in southernmost South America. We report geomorphological, structural geological, seismic and topographic data that all show the site has been affected by postglacial faulting. There is also indirect evidence from the site stratigraphy that the site has been displaced. Also, recent faulting explains some of the puzzles associated with interpretation of the palaeoenvironmental record at Puerto del Hambre. The implication of this work is that neotectonic faulting had a pervasive influence in the southern part of the Strait of Magellan and southernmost Tierra del Fuego, and thus affects glacial or sea level reconstructions in the area.  相似文献   

NEOTECTONICS ALONG THE EASTERN MARGIN OF THE TIBETAN PLATEAU: INFERENCES FROM BEDROCK RIVER INCISION PATTERNS     

Eric Kirby  Kelin X.Whipple  Tang W.  B.C.Burchfiel  Chen Z. WT  ”BX 《地学前缘》2000,(Z1)

NEOTECTONICS ALONG THE EASTERN MARGIN OF THE TIBETAN PLATEAU: INFERENCES FROM BEDROCK RIVER INCISION PATTERNS1　ChenZ,BurchfielBC ,LiuY ,etal.GPSmeasurementsfromeasternTibetandtheirimplicationsforIndia/Eurasiaintracon tinentaldeformation[J] .JournalofGeophysicalResearch ,2 0 0 0 (inpress) . 2　KingRW ,ShenF ,BurchfielBC ,etal.GeodeticmeasurementofcrustalmotioninsouthwestChina.Geology,1997,2 5,179～ 182 . 3　KirbyE ,WhippleKX ,Burchfie…  相似文献   

甘肃酒泉盆地河流地貌与新构造运动   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

李有利  谭利华  段烽军  杨景春 《干旱区地理》2000,23(4):304-309

通过对甘肃酒泉盆地北大河、洪水坝河、丰乐河、马营河的阶地进行了野外形态量计,获得了它们的阶地纵剖面,对洪水坝河的阶地年龄进行了测定和估计,并通过卫星像片解译对这些河流的洪积扇进行了制图。作者认为酒泉盆地河流阶地纵剖面的形态和洪积扇的迁移受断层控制,河流在距今大约16万年和4万年发生的两次由加积转化为下切的事件可能代表两次构造抬升相对强烈时期。  相似文献   

滇西南腾冲地块新构造运动阶段初步划分   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

王书兵  傅建利  李朝柱  蒋复初  田国强 《地质通报》2015,34(1):146-154

滇西南腾冲地块中部的梁河盆地地层出露较好,阶梯状地貌发育,并有多期火山活动,是开展新构造研究的良好地点。综合地表调查与年代学研究结果发现,该盆地主要发育新近纪南林组与芒棒组和第四纪地层,各时代地层的沉积及变形特征都明显不同,其中最早的盆地沉积南林组地层的固结及变形程度高;芒棒组的固结及变形程度则稍差;第四纪地层没有固结或弱固结,且基本无变形。该区在地貌上共发育7级阶(台)地,各级地貌面主要形成于早更新世以来。该区的火山活动至少包括3.5~5.0Ma、2.3~2.9Ma、1.0~1.5Ma及0.5~0.7Ma四期。综合梁河盆地中地层、地貌、火山等方面的新构造运动标志,将腾冲地块的新构造运动初步划分为3个阶段:15Ma之前,盆地开始断陷,南林组沉积及掀斜变形;25~2Ma,盆地进一步扩张,芒棒组沉积及掀斜变形,并伴随火山活动;32Ma以来,盆地萎缩抬升,形成多级台地及阶地,并伴随多期火山活动。  相似文献   

甘肃北山南部活动断裂的发现及其区域构造意义     

云龙  张进  王驹  赵志涛  宝音图  庄海洋  陈苏  张竞嘉  张佳  赵衡  张北航 《地质力学学报》2021,27(2):195-207

在河西走廊北侧、北山南缘新发现属于不同断裂系统的两条晚第四纪活动断裂,分别称之为旧井-板滩断裂和俄博庙断裂。其中,旧井-板滩断裂长约28 km,距玉门市约55 km,由4条分支断裂组成,呈复杂的"Y"字形分布。总体走向北东40°~50°,倾向北西,倾角60°~70°,控制了西侧两个晚新生代盆地的发育。俄博庙断裂长约18 km,距金塔县城约50 km,走向近东西,倾向北西,倾角60°~80°。根据卫星影像解译、断错地貌调查、探槽开挖和光释光测年结果,旧井-板滩断裂断错了一系列山脊、冲沟和阶地,在距今约2万年以来有过活动,以正左旋走滑为主;俄博庙断裂北向逆冲形成清晰的线性陡坎,并左旋断错了冲沟,在距今约3万年以来有过活动,以逆左旋走滑为主。以上两条断裂的新构造活动揭示了青藏高原北缘晚新生代以来的远程应变传递已经进入北山造山带南缘。   相似文献