集群理论与主导产业理论比较研究   总被引：14，自引：1，他引：13  

王仲智  林炳耀 《地理科学》2005,25(1):23-28

自20世纪50年代诞生以来,主导产业理论在某些国家和地区获得了比较成功的实践纪录。然而,半世纪后,该理论产生和应用的条件时移境迁,自80年代以来,该理论实践的绩效多有不佳,我国十五计划的编制仍然沿用了主导产业和支柱产业思想作指导,进一步加剧了区域经济的结构趋同性。20世纪90年代初国际学术界提出的产业集群理论广泛总结了全球成功案例的实践经验,开拓了区域发展理论研究的维度,是适合当前中国国情的新型区域发展理论之一。本文从不同层面比较了上述两大理论,展望了集群理论在我国的应用前景。  相似文献   

弹性地基条件下狭窄煤柱岩爆的突变理论分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

张勇  潘岳 《岩土力学》2007,28(7):1469-1476

将未采煤层视为弹性地基条件下,运用maple9.5符号运算软件解得岩梁的挠曲线方程。根据能量守恒原理得到的功、能增量平衡关系式,求得岩梁–煤柱系统作准静态形变时的平衡方程--折迭突变模型平衡方程;用折迭突变总势能函数所作的稳定性判别表明,岩爆前兆阶段岩梁–煤柱系统处于不稳定平衡状态;煤柱岩爆的条件是Cook刚度准则,该准则可以动态地用煤柱形变增大时所需外界的能量输入率趋于0来表示;计算了煤柱岩爆地震能释放量,阐明煤柱岩爆机制是由于岩梁弹性能释放量超过峰后软化煤柱形变所耗的能量。通过岩梁弹性势能变化率曲线和煤柱耗能曲线,以几何形式描述了所得研究结果。计算表明,未开采煤层刚度变化对岩梁的等效刚度影响微弱。工作面开挖和采空区增大,将显著减小岩梁刚度Ke,对煤柱岩爆有重要影响。  相似文献   

太平煤矿深厚土层的水文地质工程地质性质   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

张改玲  陈德俊 《煤田地质与勘探》1999,27(2):42-44

依据对太平煤矿3号煤区深厚土层的水文地质与工程地质勘测及室内外实验结果,分析了主要的水文地质与工程地质特征及其对3号煤开采的影响,对矿区防水煤岩柱留设高度进行了合理确定。   相似文献   

Results from microseismic monitoring,conventional instrumentation,and tomography surveys in the creation and thinning of a burst-prone sill pillar     

Richard McCreary  John McGaughey  Yves Potvin  Dave Ecobichon  Marty Hudyma  Harald Kanduth  Alain Coulombe 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1992,139(3-4):349-373

Located in northern Québec, the Lac Shortt Mine was a small gold mine consisting of a thin subvertical orebody which was mined in three main phases. High stress and rockbursting conditions were experienced when ore was extracted in the upper zone between the surface and a depth of 500 metres during the first two phases of mining. Severe rockbursts were experienced in late 1989 near the shaft and in the footwall development following a deepening of the mine shaft to a depth of 830 m and partial development of footwall drift access for the third phase of mining (the mining of the lower zone starting at a depth of 830 m moving upward toward a depth of 500 m). A 16-channel Electrolab MP250 microseismic system, with a Queen's University Full-Waveform piggy-back system, was installed underground at the site due to these problems.It was expected that the thinning sill would be subjected to an ever-increasing load as the thickness of the 500 m sill pillar decreased in the face of the mining excavation from below. A monitoring program consisting of the microseismic monitoring system, a range of conventional geomechanics monitoring tools as well as the undertaking of periodic seismic tomography surveys to assess the ongoing state of stress and rock mass condition within the sill was therefore warranted.The anomalously high-magnitude stress field and the brittle rockmass created a situation in which rockmass failure was common and violent. In the creation and thinning of the sill pillar, the location of banded microseismic activity was crucial in tracing rockmass failure and the associated ground control problems. Reliable source-location determination enabled the identification of areas of stress increase. The movement of the rockmass failure front could be followed, and was responsible for stope dilution, footwall and orebody development deterioration, and caving.Source-mechanism analyses gave accurate double-couple solutions for approximately forty percent of these events having at least ten recognizable polarities. Results suggested movement along vertical north-south striking or vertical east-west striking features. Underground observation of damaged access points showed that vertical north-south striking joints were experiencing failure.The microseismic activity, which was consistently concentrated close to the southwest and northeast corners of current production stopes, could be explained by a stress field oriented obliquely to the strike of the orebody, as measured prior to shrinkage of the sill pillar byin situ stress measurements and observed borehole overbreaks. The orientations of theP andT axes for the microseismic activity further confirmed that the stress field oriented obliquely to strike.While an increase in compressional-wave velocity of 2.3 percent, corresponding to a measured stress increase of approximately 10 MPa could be measured by repeated tomographic surveys, it was relatively small and only a factor of two or so above the velocity measured uncertainty. The relative insensitivity of thein situ rock mass modulus to the applied stress is believed to be largely due to the rockmass discontinuities being relatively closed prior to stress increase, as substantiated by the small deformations seen by the extensometer and borehole camera. This situation existed because of the very high pre-mining stress level.The experimental demonstration that the rock could not absorb substantially increased load through the mechanism of discontinuity closure or tightening (which would be reflected in the modulus) may be evidence in itself of potentially burst-prone ground, such as encountered at Lac Shortt.  相似文献   

三维工程地质模型在防水煤岩柱留设研究中的应用展望     

董青红  陈国平 《水文地质工程地质》1999,26(3):13-15

在第四纪厚松散含水层下采煤。留设防水煤岩柱是预防顶板水的有效方法。本文从该研究的现状及存在的问题出发,提出运用三维工程地质模型方法探讨导水裂隙带,含水层,保护层的三维形态,进而通过空间分析并结合生产实际确定合理的防水煤岩柱尺寸,实现水体下煤炭资源的充分开发。  相似文献   

超深上仰孔卸压爆破集中煤柱工艺技术研究          下载免费PDF全文

邵红旗 《探矿工程》2019,46(8):56-60

为了防治浅埋近距离煤层群开采时下组煤采出上覆集中倾向煤柱易发生的动力压架灾害,在分析超深孔卸压松动爆破防灾原理基础上,提出了一种超深上仰孔卸压爆破集中煤柱技术,通过理论分析、地面传爆试验及井下工业性试验,解决完善了该技术的3大工艺技术难题：一是利用自主研发的装药装置,解决了超深(最深达110 m)上仰孔(仰角30°)安全快速安装炸药难题;二是根据钻孔爆破裂隙圈半径及煤柱塑性区宽度理论计算结果找到了最佳炮孔布设间距;三是利用地面传爆试验和C-S双液浆凝胶特性试验解决了超长装药段(最长达16 m)炸药安全传爆及炮孔堵塞难题,优化了起爆方法,消除了管道效应,核算了爆破振动安全允许距离,实现了安全、高效封孔。该工艺技术的成功应用表明其具有工程借鉴及推广应用意义。  相似文献   

房柱式小窑采空区地震探测研究     

李萍 《中国煤炭地质》2012,(8):73-76

在关停不具备安全生产条件的小煤矿中,多数采用房柱式开采方式。该方式下产生的采空区周围并未出现大的物理变形,因此常规的地震勘探方法和解释手段很难准确圈定其采空区范围。为此在鄂尔多斯高原选择已知采空区块为试验区,采用高密度三维地震观测系统,在高保真处理的基础上,利用方差顺层切片及综合层属性切片,准确地解释出采空区的范围。试验证明,地震属性的综合运用是识别房柱式采空区的有效手段。  相似文献   

工作面过空巷基本顶超前破断机制及控制技术     

刘畅  张俊文  杨增强  弓培林  王开  张小强  李玉琳 《岩土力学》2018,39(4):1411-1421

以工作面进入平行空巷、回撤通道时顶板超前破断、巷道被掩埋、支架压架的事故为研究对象,通过相似模拟试验对比了工作面过不同宽度空巷、充填与否时围岩破坏特征、应力变化和支架载荷变化,展现了工作面过大断面空巷基本顶超前破断及其灾变演化过程。研究表明：超前破断会导致基本顶一次性破断长度增加、上覆亚关键层同时破断。一旦发生超前破断,现有支护技术很难避免压架,故预防出现超前破断最为重要。鉴于此,运用Winkler地基梁理论对基本顶中弯矩和挠度进行了计算,解释了试验中围岩破断特征、支承应力和支架载荷的变化,给出了基本顶超前破断的机制：煤柱失稳是导致出现超前破断的主要因素,提高煤柱强度有利于预防超前破断。据此提出了局部注浆充填技术使煤柱由单轴压缩变为三轴压缩,提高煤柱支撑能力,并在现场实践中得到了验证。  相似文献   

急倾斜煤柱开采后对巷道影响的数值模拟   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

唐治  潘一山  阎海鹏  李国臻  李忠华 《中国地质灾害与防治学报》2010,21(2):64-67

为提高煤炭的回收率和经济效益,针对长沟峪煤矿4槽煤柱,应用ANSYS有限元软件对-230～-310水平的煤柱开采前后进行数值模拟,得出:(1)煤柱开采以后,煤岩体总体下沉,但对-140水平巷道影响较小。(2)开采后,煤柱的中间部位是转折区,煤柱中部以上主应力减小,属于安全区域;煤柱中部以下主应力增大,随深度的增加,主应力增大;-320水平附近煤柱采后的主应力是采前的2倍多,是煤柱开采后主应力最大的地方,所以开采此区域为相对重点注意区域。(3)煤柱开采后-140水平的煤柱附近主应力增大,是没开采前的1.6倍,也是煤柱开采后主应力较大的地方,开采前要适当对-140水平煤柱附近进行加固。数值模拟得出结果和实际开采吻合较好,因此急倾斜煤柱开采后对巷道影响的数值模拟对开采有一定的指导意义。  相似文献   

应用模糊综合评判原理评价安全煤柱的留设     

付在林 《中国煤炭地质》2010,(5):45-48

勘探阶段如何定量评价在厚度较大的新生界下采煤时,如何确定留设安全煤柱的水文工程地质条件,目前尚无完善的方法。以新郑矿区煤田地质勘探获取的水文地质及工程地质资料为例,选取新生界底部含水层、隔水层、风化带、煤层上覆岩组的水文地质及工程地质特征及区域地应力状态五个指标,采用模糊综合评判方法,对矿区留设安全煤柱的水文地质及工程地质条件进行综合评价。评价结果表明:研究区安全煤柱留设条件的优良级得分为48分,中等级得分为33分,较差级得分为19分,表明该矿二1煤层留设安全煤柱的水文地质及工程条件较好。研究结果可为矿区留设安全煤柱提供参考。  相似文献