北极夏季大气垂直结构与空间分布特征   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

陈志昆  李志强  丁明虎 《海洋学报》2015,37(11):68-78

低层大气垂直物理剖面是研究大气边界层过程、模拟大气环流过程和进行天气预报的关键参数,海洋特别是北冰洋地区是气象实测资料的稀疏区甚至是空白区。因此,中国第6次北极科学考察期间(2014年7月21日至9月11日),我们使用GPS低空探空系统,对北极地区的大气垂直结构和边界层特征进行了观测实验。实地观测结果表明:(1)递减率对流层顶(LRT)和冷点对流层顶(CPT)均能准确的判断该地区对流层顶的高度和温度,NCEP再分析资料在较低纬度能够很好的反应对流层顶变化特征,但是在海冰密集的北极地区(海冰密集度达9成以上)则相对较差,所以很有必要在该区域开展探空观测研究。(2)在高空存在一个明显的低温区和高空急流,低温区和高空急流中心区的海拔高度与对流层顶高度一致;在晴天和少云天气,对流层顶高度变化不大;在多云和阴雨天气,随着纬度的升高对流层顶高度逐渐降低。在晴天和少云天气相比多云和阴雨天气,高空急流区的强度较弱,垂直和水平均范围较小。(3)CPT和高空急流的高度随着纬度有降低的趋势,75°N以北的区域降低显著;对流层垂直温度递减率随着纬度呈现出逐渐增大的趋势。(4)观测期间,在海拔3km以下均存在多个逆温层。其中风速切变在逆温层的消失或者减弱过程中起着重要作用,而在80°N以北区域,对流层顶逆温(TIL)明显小于其他区域。表明极点附近对流层与平流层之间的物质和能量交换相比其他区域更加强盛。  相似文献   

Satellite Measurements of the Madden–Julian Oscillation in Wintertime Stratospheric Ozone over the Tibetan Plateau and East Asia     

Yuli Zhang  Yi Liu  Chuanxi Liu  V. F. Sofieva 《大气科学进展》2015,32(11):1481-1492

We investigate the Madden–Julian Oscillation(MJO) signal in wintertime stratospheric ozone over the Tibetan Plateau and East Asia using the harmonized dataset of satellite ozone profiles. Two different MJO indices — the all-season Real-Time multivariate MJO index(RMM) and outgoing longwave radiation-based MJO index(OMI) — are used to compare the MJOrelated ozone anomalies. The results show that there are pronounced eastward-propagating MJO-related stratospheric ozone anomalies(mainly within 20–200 h Pa) over the subtropics. The negative stratospheric ozone anomalies are over the Tibetan Plateau and East Asia in MJO phases 4–7, when MJO-related tropical deep convective anomalies move from the equatorial Indian Ocean towards the western Pacific Ocean. Compared with the results based on RMM, the MJO-related stratospheric column ozone anomalies based on OMI are stronger and one phase ahead. Further analysis suggests that different sampling errors, observation principles and retrieval algorithms may be responsible for the discrepancies among different satellite measurements. The MJO-related stratospheric ozone anomalies can be attributed to the MJO-related circulation anomalies,i.e., the uplifted tropopause and the northward shifted westerly jet in the upper troposphere. Compared to the result based on RMM, the upper tropospheric westerly jet may play a less important role in generating the stratospheric column ozone anomalies based on OMI. Our study indicates that the circulation-based MJO index(RMM) can better characterize the MJOrelated anomalies in tropopause pressure and thus the MJO influence on atmospheric trace gases in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere, especially over subtropical East Asia.  相似文献   

Observation of a summer tropopause fold by ozonesonde at Changchun,China: Comparison with reanalysis and model simulation   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Dan Li  Jianchun Bian 《大气科学进展》2015,32(10):1354-1364

Tropopause folds are one of the key mechanisms of stratosphere-troposphere exchange (STE) in extratropical regions, transporting ozone-rich stratospheric air into the middle and lower troposphere. Although there have been many studies of tropopause folds that have occurred over Europe and North America, a very limited amount of work has been carried out over northeastern Asia. Ozonesondes produced by the Institute of Atmospheric Physics were launched in Changchun (43.9°N, 125.2°E), Northeast China, in June 2013, and observed an ozone-enriched layer with thickness of 3 km and an ozone peak of 180 ppbv at 6 km in the troposphere. The circulation field from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts Interim Reanalysis (ERA-Interim) dataset shows that this ozone peak was caused by a tropopause fold associated with a jet stream at the eastern flank of the East Asian trough. By analyzing the ozone data from the ozone monitoring instrument and Weather Research and Forecasting model with Chemistry (WRF-Chem) simulations, it was found that a high ozone concentration tongue originating from the lower stratosphere at high latitude (near central Siberia) intruded into the middle troposphere over Changchun between 5 and 8 km on 12 June 2013. The high-resolution WRF-Chem simulation was capable of describing events such as the tropopause fold that occurred on the cyclonic shear side of the jet stream. In addition, the TRAJ3D trajectory model was used to trace the origin of measured secondary ozone peaks in the middle troposphere back, for example, to stratospheric intrusion through the tropopause fold.  相似文献   

Atmospheric phenomena deduced from radiosonde and GPS occultation measurements for various application related studies     

C. J. Johny  S. K. Sarkar  D. Punyasesudu 《Journal of Earth System Science》2009,118(1):49-59

The tropopause height and tropopause temperature are sensitive to temperature changes in troposphere and stratosphere. These are the measures of global climatic variability. Atmospheric profiles of temperature, refractivity and water vapour are always needed for communication, navigation and atmospheric modeling studies. The tropopause characteristics over the Indian region have been studied using radio occultation measurements (CHAMP) on the basis of cold point criterion. Tropopause height shows large variation in the latitude range ∼30°–40°N during winter. Tropopause temperature less than −82°C, assumed to facilitate troposphere to stratosphere air transport, is observed at a number of tropical Indian locations and no seasonal pattern is observed in its occurrence. The bias in temperature and refractivity deduced from radiosonde and radio occultation measurements is also presented.  相似文献   

青藏高原两类对流层顶高度的季节变化特征   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

周顺武  杨双艳  张人禾  马振锋 《南京气象学院学报》2010,33(3):307-314

根据青藏高原地区14个探空站近30 a（1979—2008年）的对流层顶逐日观测资料,分析了该地区上空热带对流层顶（第二对流层顶）和极地对流层顶（第一对流层顶）出现的频率及高度的季节变化特征。结果表明：（1）高原全年均可观测到第二对流层顶,其中在暖季（6—10月）第二对流层顶占绝对主导地位,而在其余月份则以复合对流层顶为主;（2）两类对流层顶高度在季节变化上存在着明显的差异,第一对流层顶高度在春秋（夏冬）季偏高（低）,第二对流层顶高度在春夏（秋冬）季偏高（低）,即第一（二）对流层顶高度的年变化曲线呈双（单）峰型;（3）两类对流层顶高度均存在明显的年际变化,第一（二）对流层顶高度除秋季存在准3.6 a（6 a）的周期变化外,其余季节均具有4.5~6 a（2~4 a）的振荡周期;（4）近30 a来高原第一（二）对流层顶主要表现出下降（上升）的趋势,尤其是第二对流层顶高度在冬、春季存在着明显的上升趋势。  相似文献   

Satellite-based Observational Study of the Tibetan Plateau Vortex:Features of Deep Convective Cloud Tops     

Yi-Xuan SHOU  Feng LU  Hui LIU  Peng CUI  Shaowen SHOU  Jian LIU 《大气科学进展》2019,36(2):189-205

In this study, an east-moving Tibetan Plateau vortex (TPV) is analyzed by using the ERA-5 reanalysis and multi-source satellite data, including FengYun-2E, Aqua/MODIS and CALIPSO. The objective is to demonstrate: (i) the usefulness of multi-spectral satellite observations in understanding the evolution of a TPV and the associated rainfall, and (ii) the potential significance of cloud-top quantitative information in improving Southwest China weather forecasts. Results in this study show that the heavy rainfall is caused by the coupling of an east-moving TPV and some low-level weather systems [a Plateau shear line and a Southwest Vortex (SWV)], wherein the TPV is a key component. During the TPV's life cycle, the rainfall and vortex intensity maintain a significant positive correlation with the convective cloud-top fraction and height within a 2.5° radius away from its center. Moreover, its growth is found to be quite sensitive to the cloud phases and particle sizes. In the mature stage when the TPV is coupled with an SWV, an increase of small ice crystal particles and appearance of ring- and U/V-shaped cold cloud-top structures can be seen as the signature of a stronger convection and rainfall enhancement within the TPV. A tropopause folding caused by ageostrophic flows at the upper level may be a key factor in the formation of ring-shaped and U/V-shaped cloud-top structures. Based on these results, we believe that the supplementary quantitative information of an east-moving TPV cloud top collected by multi-spectral satellite observations could help to improve Southwest China short-range/nowcasting weather forecasts.  相似文献   

夏季风爆发前后中国区域对流层顶高度变化特征          下载免费PDF全文

姜晓玲  王东海  尹金方  林文实 《应用气象学报》2016,27(4):445-453

利用2008—2014年全国高垂直分辨率的L波段探空资料,统计分析了东亚夏季风爆发前后我国不同区域对流层顶高度变化特征。研究表明:夏季风爆发后,对流层顶高值区向北推进,最大值位于青藏高原南部及其东南部地区;对流层顶高度的向南梯度和向东梯度大值区均由爆发前的30°~40°N北移至40°~50°N;受地面加热和垂直运动的影响,中国东北部和中东部在夏季风爆发后对流层升温,平流层-对流层过渡层降温,大气温度梯度增加,对流层顶上升,其中中国东北部在夏季风爆发前,大气温度廓线为双峰结构,易出现双对流层顶,第一对流层顶较低;中国南部整层大气温度廓线在夏季风爆发后略有增加,对流层顶有所下降。  相似文献   

The APE-THESEO Tropical Campaign: An Overview     

L. Stefanutti  A. R. MacKenzie  V. Santacesaria  A. Adriani  Stefano Balestri  S. Borrmann  V. Khattatov  P. Mazzinghi  V. Mitev  V. Rudakov  C. Schiller  G. Toci  C. M. Volk  V. Yushkov  H. Flentje  C. Kiemle  G. Redaelli  K. S. Carslaw  K. Noone  Th. Peter 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》2004,48(1):1-33

The APE-THESEO campaign was held from 15 February to 15 March 1999 from the Seychelles in the western Indian Ocean. APE-THESEO stands for Airborne Platform for Earth observation — (contribution to) the Third European Stratospheric Experiment on Ozone. The campaign aimed to study processes controlling the low water content of the stratosphere, including the mechanisms of cloud formation in the tropical tropopause region, and transport processes, studied using measurements of long-lived trace gases and ozone.Two aircraft were used: the high-altitude research aircraft, M-55 Geophysica, which can fly up to 21 km, and the Falcon of the Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt, a tropospheric aircraft. Seven flights were performed, including the first simultaneous in situ and remote sensing of sub-visible cirrus clouds, the first interception of sub-visible cirrus using in-flight guidance from a path-finding aircraft, and guided descent of a high-altitude research aircraft into the anvil cloud at the top of a tropical cyclone. In this paper we describe the payload used, the objectives for each flight, and the meteorological conditions encountered. First results show that a new type of cloud, which we have dubbed ultra-thin tropical tropopause cloud (UTTC), has been observed frequently, and observed to cover areas of 10⁵ km². The frequent coincidence of the tropopause and hygropause implies that the western Indian Ocean played an important role in the dehydration of the lower tropical stratosphere during the season of the mission. UTTCs, sub-visible cirrus, and visible cirrus, have all been implicated in the observed dehydration. Tracer measurements indicate little mixing of stratospheric air into the upper tropical troposphere.  相似文献   

北京地区极地对流层顶与地面要素之间的关系   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4       下载免费PDF全文

吴香玲 《气象》1995,21(11):42-45

利用北京地区１９７７－１９９０年的高空、地资料，讨论了极地对流层顶与地面温度的关系。发现两者之间正相关关系较好。然而，当两者谷值出现的月份发生位相关异时，当年年降水相对变率大于同期降水的平均相对变率。  相似文献   

Variability of Near-Ground Ozone Concentrations During Cold Front Passages – a Possible Effect of Tropopause Folding Events     

H. Kunz  P. Speth 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》1997,28(1-3):77-95

The analysis of surface ozone variability requires besides chemicalstudies the consideration of meteorological conditions and dynamicprocesses. Our research focuses on the mechanisms in connection with coldfront passages. A statistical study and case studies of cold front passageswere carried out at six German ground-based sites during the year 1990.After the passage of cold fronts three typical developments of thenear-ground ozone concentrations could be identified. Usually the ozoneconcentrations decrease due to advection of clean air masses or due toenhanced cloudiness preventing the photochemical production of ozone,chemical destruction by nitrogenoxides, and heterogeneous chemistry. In somecases the concentrations increased by reason of downward mixing of ozoneenriched air intruded from the stratosphere into the troposphere bytropopause foldings. For a few cases no modification set in. The decreasewas mostly twice as strong as the increase. The latter was between 4 and 8ppb on the average. Special emphasis is given to the transport ofstratospheric ozone down to the ground. There is no direct evidence forstratospheric ozone at ground level, because it cant be distinguished fromthe tropospheric one, but from case studies circumstantial evidence is foundin favour of it. As an example of increasing ozone behind the passage ofcold fronts one case study typical of all other case studies is presented.It shows the characteristic properties of the corresponding fronts, whichare fast movement, a vertical split structure and strong convection.  相似文献