南极瑞穗高原1987—1988年度表面物质平衡及其变化          下载免费PDF全文

张文敬  山内恭 《极地研究》1990,2(3):1-10

根据1987/1988年度表面物质积累资料,对Mizuho(瑞穗)高原该年度物质平衡的分布规律及其变化进行了讨论,同时还对年内短期天气过程及地形变化对物质平衡的影响进行了分析。研究发现1987/1988年度物质平衡的空间分布与多年平均状况存在较大区别:海拔550m以下的沿海地带表现为负物质平衡状态。从S_16点向内陆80km范围内为高值物质平衡区。年平均净物质平衡量达0.84m雪层深;80km到瑞穗高原内陆的瑞穗站之间为低值物质平衡区,年平均物质平衡量仅0.14m雪层深。在瑞穗高原,表面物质平衡水平表现为低积累,低支出的特征。此外,年内短期气候和地形变化对物质平衡的影响均大于多年平均状态,在高值物质平衡区,气候变化对物质平衡的影响大于地形变化的影响;而在低值物质平衡区,地形变化对物质平衡的影响则大于气候变化对物质平衡的影响。  相似文献   

盐藻SOD的盐适应性与物质积累的关系   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3  

郭金耀  杨晓玲 《海洋通报》2008,27(4)

实验分析了不同NaCl浓度处理下,盐藻SOD活性及其与细胞密度、β-胡萝卜素积累和蛋白质积累的关系.结果表明:在30～120 g/L的盐度范围内,随着NaCl浓度的提高,SOD活性极显著地增强,说明盐藻SOD是一种高盐适应酶.盐藻SOD活性与细胞密度及物质积累关系密切:在SOD活性为0.710×108 cells-1·min-1左右时,盐藻细胞密度、β-胡萝卜素和蛋白质的积累量都最高,而在SOD活性较低或较高时,盐藻细胞密度、β-胡萝卜素和蛋白质的积累量都较低.可能适当盐度下SOD的活动较好地保护了盐藻体内物质积累反应的进行.  相似文献   

论自然灾害防治的国际比较与经验借鉴     

胡毓娟  张言树  查莎莎 《国土资源导刊(湖南)》2008,5(4)

世界上自然灾害多发国家和地区,特别是发达的多灾国家,通过积累经验和科学总结,健全完善了一套灾害防治应急运作和管理体系,值得我国学习和借鉴.通过对国外救援管理体系和抗震建筑科学立法等比较研究,综合我国国情,找出适合我国预防灾害和灾后重建的管理体系和有效途径.  相似文献   

稀土元素Ce对雨生红球藻生长及虾青素积累影响的研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

李哲  蔡明刚  黄水英  石荣贵  陆晓霞  齐安翔  吴锐 《海洋科学》2008,32(9):37-41

采用反相高效液相色谱分析法（RP-HPLC）研究了稀土元素铈（Ce^3＋）对雨生红球藻（Haematococcus pluvialis）生长及虾青素积累的影响。结果表明，低质量浓度的Ce^3＋对微藻生长和虾青素积累均具有明显的促进作用，当Ce^3＋的质量浓度为0．1mgm时，对藻生长的促进效果最佳，细胞密度较对照组提高34％；当Ce^3＋的质量浓度为1mg/L时，虾青素质量分数可达到细胞干质量的3．2％，较对照组提高167％。此外，高质量浓度Ce^3＋的对雨生红球藻有抑制作用，当Ce^3＋的质量浓度高于40mgm时，红球藻的生长完全被抑制，虾青素质量分数也明显降低。  相似文献   

Accumulation of petroleum hydrocarbons and heavy metals in clams （Ruditapes philippinarum） in Jiaozhou Bay, China   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

马海青  宋茜  王旭晨 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2009,27(4):887-897

Accumulation and distributions of aliphatic and polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and heavy metals were measured in tissues of the clam Ruditapes philippinarum collected from 5 sites in Jiaozhou Bay, Qingdao, China. The concentrations of total aliphatic hydrocarbon and PAHs ranged from 570 to 2 574 ng/gdw (gram dry weight) and from 276 to 939 ng/gdw, in the most and least polluted sites, respectively. The bio-accumulation of hydrocarbons and PAHs in the clams appeared to be selective. Aliphatic hydrocarbons were predominantly represented by short chain (<nC₂₃) n-alkanes, suggesting that petroleum hydrocarbons were likely the major contamination source. The selective uptake of 3 and 4 ring PAHs, such as naphthalene, fluorene, phenanthrene, fluoranthene and pyrene, by the clams was probably related to the physiological and bio-kinetic processes that were energetically favorable for uptake of compounds with fewer rings. Accumulation of the metals Cd, Cu, Zn, Pb, Cr, Hg, and As in the clam tissues also showed high variability, ranging from 0.043 to 87 μg/gdw. Among the 7 detected metals, Zn, Cd, Cu, and As had a particularly high potential of accumulation in R. philippinarum. In general, a positive correlation was found between the tissue concentrations and sediment concentrations of hydrocarbons and of some metals. Our study suggests that moderate contamination with polyaromatic hydrocarbons, and low to moderate contamination with metals, currently exists for clam R. philippinarum in Jiaozhou Bay, in comparison with other regional studies. A long-term monitoring program is certainly needed for assessment of the potential ecological influence and toxicity of these contaminants of R. philippinarum in Jiaozhou Bay.  相似文献   

4种酞酸酯在龙须菜-篮子鱼食物链中的积累放大研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

聂湘平  李桂英  吴志辉  李潇  杨宇峰 《海洋科学》2008,32(1):19-23

在模拟受控条件下,利用气相色谱方法研究分析了4种酞酸酯类化合物在龙须菜(Gracilaria lemane-iformis)-篮子鱼(Siganus oramin)食物链中的积累、分布和放大状况。结果表明,4种酞酸酯在龙须菜组织内的积累表现为:邻苯二甲酸二异辛酯(DEHP)>邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP)>邻苯二甲酸二乙酯(DEP)>邻苯二甲酸二甲酯(DMP)。侧链最长的DEHP在龙须菜藻体内的含量随暴露时间的延长呈增加的趋势,30 d体内积累量可达2.35 mg/kg(鲜质量);侧链最短的DMP在龙须菜藻体内的质量比随时间变化差异不显著,约为0.05 mg/kg;在30 d的暴露中,4种酞酸酯DMP,DEP,DBP和DEHP在篮子鱼体内总质量比分别为0.08,0.41,1.72,3.11 mg/kg。其中DBP和DEHP在鱼内脏组织中有较高的积累和分布,分别为1.14 mg/kg和1.83 mg/kg,其次为鱼残体组织,肌肉组织中含量最低。DEHP和DBP在龙须菜和篮子鱼体不同组织中均有一定程度的富集(生物富集系数FBC均大于1)。其中DEHP和DBP在内脏组织中的FBC值分别高达9.16和5.68,在龙须菜-篮子鱼这个简单食物链传递中DEHP和DBP在篮子鱼内脏组织中存在放大现象。  相似文献   

川滇菱形块体东边界地壳形变研究   总被引：6，自引：4，他引：2  

方颖  江在森  牛安福 《大地测量与地球动力学》2005,25(3):81-85

根据地质资料和GPS资料。在断层分布密集的地区用模拟断层的位错替代多断层位错,建立了川滇菱形块体东边界的非震位错模型。利用GPS区域网资料．采用改进的蒙特卡罗法和遗传算法,联合反演了川滇菱形块体东边界的活动特性．得到如下认识：1）小江断裂是高应变积累闭锁区,鲜水河断裂次之,安宁河和则木河断裂应变积累程度最低。2）2001～2004年与1999～2001年相比．鲜水河北西段应变积累即锁定程度没有明显变化。南东段略有加强;安宁河略微减弱;则木河没有明显的变化;小江断裂各段的锁定程度均有显著的增强。3）各断裂的运动特点在空间上呈现出分段性。4）边界带的变形主要集中在川滇菱形块体一侧。  相似文献   

Accumulation and risk assessment of heavy metals in dust in main living areas of Guiyang City,Southwest China     

Xiaoyan Li  Shuting Zhang  Mei Yang 《中国地球化学学报》2014,33(3):272-276

Guiyang is a famous tourist city located in southwestern China. In this study, dust from eleven residential areas, seven city squares, and nine schools was collected to measure the heavy metal levels and evaluate its risk. At each sampling site, 4-5 sub-samples were taken as a bulk sample. All samples were air-dried, ground, passed through a 0.105 mm nylon sieve, digested with HNO3-HC104 to determine the concentrations of Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn by ICP-MS, and digested with 1：1 aqua regia to determine As by AFS. The results show that the concentrations of As, Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn in dust of Guiyang City follow normal distribution with means of 16.1, 1.54, 138, 47.7, 129 and 479 mg/kg, respectively. Levels of As, Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn exceed the background level of soil in Guizhou Province by 33%, 96%, 100%, 78%, 96%, and 100%, respectively. Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn are heavily accumu- lated in dust of living areas with accumulation factors of 4.10, 5.12, 4.12 and 5.51, respectively. City square pos- sesses the highest geometric means of As, Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn. The risks of heavy metal exposure to teenagers are not obvious and in an order ofAs〉Pb〉Cu〉Ni〉Zn （Cd）.  相似文献   

倾斜矢量图正常年变化破坏的机理研究     

何翔 《大地测量与地球动力学》1993,(1)

根据云南省楚雄、永胜台的倾斜矢量图在强震前正常年变化被破坏的事实,探讨了矢量图面积异常与地震的关系。认为矢量图所围面积的变化与地下水的作用固然有一定的关系,而起决定作用的是地震前应变积累的程度。倾斜矢量图面积的减小可以作为预报的一项参考指标。  相似文献   

内蒙古乌兰察布荒漠草原棕钙土氮素与灰分生物积累的特点   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

陈佐忠  娜顺德力 《地理科学》1991,11(2):118-124

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