Submerged archaeological sites along the Ionian coast of southeastern Sicily (Italy) and implications for the Holocene relative sea-level change     

Giovanni Scicchitano  Fabrizio Antonioli  Elena Flavia Castagnino Berlinghieri  Andrea Dutton  Carmelo Monaco   《Quaternary Research》2008,70(1):26-39

Precise measurements of submerged archaeological markers in the Siracusa coast (Southeastern Sicily, Italy) provide new data on relative sea-level change during the late Holocene. Four submerged archaeological sites have been studied and investigated through direct observations. Two of them are Greek archaic in age (2.5–2.7 ka) and are now 0.98–1.48 m below sea level; the other two developed during the Bronze age (3.2–3.8 ka) and are now 1.03–1.97 m below sea level. These archaeological data have been integrated with information derived from a submerged speleothem collected in a cave located along the Siracusa coast at − 20 m depth. The positions of the archaeological markers have been measured with respect to present sea level, corrected for tide and pressure at the time of surveys. These data were compared with predicted sea-level rise curves for the Holocene using a glacio-hydro-isostatic model. The comparison with the curve for the southeastern Sicily coast yields a tectonic component of relative sea-level change related to regional uplift. Uplift rates between 0.3 and 0.8 mm/yr have been estimated.  相似文献   

Post-glacial relative sea level, isostasy, and glacial history in Icy Strait, Southeast Alaska, USA     

Daniel H. Mann  Gregory P. Streveler 《Quaternary Research》2008,69(2):201-216

We use the radiocarbon ages of marine shells and terrestrial vegetation to reconstruct relative sea level (RSL) history in northern Southeast Alaska. RSL fell below its present level around 13,900 cal yr BP, suggesting regional deglaciation was complete by then. RSL stayed at least several meters below modern levels until the mid-Holocene, when it began a fluctuating rise that probably tracked isostatic depression and rebound caused by varying ice loads in nearby Glacier Bay. This fluctuating RSL rise likely reflects the episodic but progressive advance of ice in Glacier Bay that started around 6000 cal yr BP. After that time, RSL low stands probably signaled minor episodes of glacier retreat/thinning that triggered isostatic rebound and land uplift. Progressive, down-fjord advance of the Glacier Bay glacier during the late Holocene is consistent with the main driver of this glacial system being the dynamics of its terminus rather than climate change directly. Only after the glacier reached an exposed position protruding into Icy Strait ca. AD 1750, did its terminus succumb - a century before the climate changes that marked the end of the Little Ice Age - to the catastrophic retreat that triggered the rapid isostatic rebound and RSL fall occurring today in Icy Strait.  相似文献   

Detection of small hydrological variations in gravity by repeated observations with relative gravimeters     

M. Naujoks  A. Weise  C. Kroner  T. Jahr 《Journal of Geodesy》2008,82(9):543-553

Recently, a new application of time-dependent gravity observations is emerging: the study of natural hydrological mass changes and their underlying processes. Complementary to GRACE data and continuous recordings with superconducting gravimeters, repeated observations with relative instruments on a local network may contribute to gain additional information on spatial changes in hydrology. The questions that need to be addressed are whether the results of these repeated measurements will be of sufficiently high resolution and accuracy, as well as how unique the information obtained will be. To examine this, a local gravity network with maximum point distances of 65 m was established in a hilly area around the Geodynamic Observatory Moxa, Germany. Using three to five LaCoste & Romberg relative gravimeters repeated measurements were carried out in a seasonal rhythm as well as at particular events like snowmelt or dryness in 17 campaigns between November 2004 and April 2007. The standard deviations obtained by least squares adjustment range from ±9 to ±14 nm/s² for a gravity difference of one campaign, thus for gravity changes between two campaigns from ±13 to ±20 nm/s². Between the points of the network, spatial gravity changes of up to 171 nm/s² (139 nm/s² between two successive campaigns) could be proven significantly. They correlate with changes in the local hydrological situation. Particularly, a steep slope next to the observatory is identified as a gravimetrically significant hydrological compartment. The results obtained contribute to an improved reduction of the local hydrological signal in continuous gravity recordings and provide constraints to hydrological models.  相似文献   

近44a毛乌素沙地西缘气候特征及其未来可能变化趋势   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

安莉娟 《沙漠与绿洲气象(新疆气象)》2017,11(4):25-31

利用1971—2014年毛乌素沙地西缘气象观测资料,分析了该地区的气温、降水、相对湿度的时空变化特征,运用R/S分析法预测未来毛乌素沙地西缘气候要素可能变化趋势。结果表明:(1)近44 a毛乌素沙地西缘气温呈显著上升趋势,降水量呈弱的增加趋势,相对湿度呈弱的下降趋势,但是二者趋势并不显著。(2)近44 a毛乌素沙地西缘气温空间分布呈南高北低,降水和相对湿度均呈东多西少,各地气候倾向率存在明显的差异性,中部气温增幅较大,东部降水增加较多,南部相对湿度减少较多。(3)近44 a来毛乌素沙地西缘各气象要素变化均表现出一定的周期性,年平均气温主要存在4~5、8~10 a的振荡周期,降水量主要存在3~4、6~8 a振荡周期,相对湿度主要存在2~4、6~8 a的振荡周期。(4)毛乌素沙地西缘未来气温仍呈上升趋势可能性较大,未来降水量可能变为减少趋势,未来相对湿度变化不稳定。  相似文献   

武汉大气能见度与PM_2.5浓度及相对湿度关系的非线性分析及能见度预报          下载免费PDF全文

白永清  祁海霞  刘琳  陈城  林春泽  李武阶 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2016,74(2):189-199

武汉作为中部地区高湿度代表城市,大气污染严重,霾天气多发,但有关该地区大气能见度与PM_2.5浓度及相对湿度(RH)的定量关系尚不明确。利用2014年9月—2015年3月武汉地区逐时能见度、相对湿度及颗粒物质量浓度观测数据,研究分析了武汉大气能见度与PM_2.5浓度及相对湿度的关系,并进行能见度非线性预报初探,得到以下结论:武汉霾时数发生比例高,霾的发生和加重是能见度降低的主要原因;能见度降低伴随大量细粒子产生和累积,这是武汉大气能见度恶化的重要诱因。细颗粒物浓度与相对湿度共同影响和制约大气能见度变化,高湿高浓度时能见度显著下降,湿情景下(RH≥40%),能见度恶化主要是由湿度增高诱使细颗粒物粒径吸湿增长导致其散射效率增大造成的。当RH >90%时,能见度随湿度升高成线性递减,相对湿度每升高1%,武汉平均能见度降低0.568 km。而干情景下(RH<40%),能见度迅速降低的关键因素是PM_2.5质量浓度升高。在城市大气细粒子污染背景下,能见度与相对湿度成非线性关系,这主要与PM_2.5对能见度的影响及吸湿性颗粒物的散射效率变化有关。PM_2.5浓度与能见度成幂函数非线性关系,80%≤RH<90%湿度区段下相关性最强。PM_2.5浓度对能见度的影响敏感阈值是随着湿度升高而减小的,干情景下能见度10 km对应的PM_2.5浓度阈值为70 μg/m³,湿情景下该阈值为18—55 μg/m³。当PM_2.5质量浓度低于约40 μg/m³时,继续降低PM_2.5可显著提高武汉大气能见度。预报试验表明,基于神经网络方法建立大气能见度非线性预报模型是可行的,预报能见度相关系数为0.86,均方根误差为1.9 km,能见度≤10 km的TS评分为0.92。网络模型具有较高预报性能,对霾的判别有较高准确性,为衔接区域环境气象数值预报模式,建立大气能见度精细化动力统计模型提供参考依据。  相似文献   

西藏改则地区雨季上对流层/下平流层大气垂直结构观测研究          下载免费PDF全文

洪健昌  郭建平  杜军  王鹏祥 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2016,74(5):827-836

利用中国第3次青藏高原大气科学试验2014年7-8月改则探空试验期间获取的每天3次观测的探空数据,对该地区对流层大气垂直结构进行了研究。结果表明：改则地区海拔高度17-19 km存在逆温现象;第一对流层顶平均高度16082 m,第二对流层顶平均高度16466 m,前者出现概率远高于后者,两类对流层顶的高度均与其对流层顶的温度、气压成反比。08、14和20时（北京时）的最大风速分别出现在11.8、12.6和12.1 km高度,风速分别为16.2、16.3和15.9 m/s,风向随高度顺时针变化,对应为暖平流,由下层西南风转为上层的东南风,17 km以上高度稳定成东北风,下层主导风为西南风。在约8 km的高度上存在一个最大相对湿度聚集区,从地面开始相对湿度随高度升高而增大（逆湿现象）,达到该聚集区后,随高度升高而减小。青藏高原西部雨季对流层顶折叠现象出现概率较低,可能与该季节高空急流或高空锋天气较少有关。  相似文献   

Evaluation method and application of the relative contribution of marine hydrocarbon source rocks in the Tarim basin: A case study from the Tazhong area     

《Marine and Petroleum Geology》2016

In total, 2.37 million tons of marine crude oil originating from mixed source rocks has been discovered in the Tarim basin. Geological and geochemical analyses have confirmed that these mixed hydrocarbons are mainly from two sets of source rocks, including the Cambrian – Lower Ordovician and Middle-Upper Ordovician hydrocarbon source rocks. In this study, we determined the set of source rocks primarily responsible for the mixed hydrocarbons and the next location to be explored. Differences in n-alkane carbon isotopes in end-member oils from Cambrian–Lower Ordovician and Middle-Upper Ordovician source rocks were examined. A material balance model and simulation methods were used to evaluate the relative amounts contributed by each source. The results from known reserves in the Tazhong area show that the mixing ratio or contribution is up to 65% from Cambrian–Lower Ordovician source rocks and is generally higher than that from Middle-Upper Ordovician source rocks. The discovery of deep hydrocarbons has caused the total oil contribution from the Cambrian–Lower Ordovician to increase. The mixing ratio of Cambrian–Lower Ordovician oil varies depending on the well, formation, and block. It increases from west to east horizontally and from top to bottom vertically. Hydrocarbons from Cambrian–Lower Ordovician source rocks migrate upward along faults, and the mixing ratio decreases as the distance from the oil source fault increases. Favorable areas for Cambrian–Lower Ordovician hydrocarbon exploration are deep layers and areas near the fault zone that are connected to deep layers. The material balance model for carbon isotopes and evaluation methods for relative contributions considered differences in relative concentration and carbon isotope structure of n-alkanes. Herein, new methods for the identification and evaluation of hydrocarbons in the petroleum system of this superimposed basin are presented.  相似文献   

惠州凹陷新近系K系列海平面变化定量分析及大数据应用展望   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

李景哲  周永章  张金亮  王树功  丁琳 《岩石学报》2018,34(2):372-382

本文以珠江口盆地惠州凹陷南部为例,对地质历史时期的相对海平面变化进行了定量分析和估算,得到了研究区的相对海平面变化曲线。通过对比分析,INPEFA方法得出的曲线更能代表相对海平面变化。研究区K系列沉积时期,海平面总体是上升的,但上升的速率在不同的位置不尽相同。总体而言,四级层序海侵体系域(TST)的上升速率要稍高于与其相邻的同级别高位体系域(HST)的速率。海平面主要以交替的快速上升(海侵)和缓慢上升(海退)为特点。Fischer方法得出的曲线在本地区不直接反映相对海平面(可容纳空间)变化,但可以指示富砂层段的位置。本文进一步分析认为,可以利用地层的层序结构、分形特性以及离散的地层年龄等数据,依据贝叶斯-拉普拉斯(Bayes-Laplace)原理构建数据驱动的迭代模型,进而从粗略到精细,实现相对海平面在时间域的高精度刻画,为小尺度古环境研究和精细油藏描述提供支撑。  相似文献   

Transient and steady-state relative permeabilities from two-phase flow experiments in planar pore networks     

C.D. Tsakiroglou  D.G. Avraam  A.C. Payatakes 《Advances in water resources》2007

The water k_rw and oil k_ro relative permeability curves of a glass-etched planar pore network are estimated with history matching from transient displacement experiments performed at varying values of the capillary number, Ca  , for two fluid systems: one of intermediate and one of strong wettability. The transient _krw,_kro$k_{\text{rw}}\text{,}{k}_{\text{ro}}$ are compared to corresponding ones measured with the steady-state method on the same porous medium [Avraam DG, Payatakes AC. Flow regimes and relative permeabilities during steady-state two-phase flow in porous media. J Fluid Mech 1995;293:207–36; Avraam DG, Payatakes AC. Generalized relative permeability coefficients during steady-state two-phase flow in porous media and correlation with the flow mechanisms. Transport Porous Med 1995;20:135–68; Avraam DG, Payatakes AC. Flow mechanisms, relative permeabilities, and coupling effects in steady-state two-phase flow through porous media. The case of strong wettability. Ind Eng Chem Res 1999;38:778–86.], and potential differences from them are interpreted in the light of the differences between the transient growth pattern, and the steady-state two-phase flow regime. For intermediate wettability, the transient k_ro and k_rw exceed the corresponding steady-state functions at low Ca values and have the tendency to become smaller than the steady-state ones at high Ca values. For strong wettability, the transient k_ro and k_rw are increasing functions of Ca, the transient k_ro is higher than the steady-state one, whereas the transient k_rw decreases substantially and becomes lower than the steady-state one at low Ca values. The dynamic capillary pressure estimated from transient experiments is a decreasing function of Ca in agreement with previous theoretical and experimental studies.  相似文献   

基于ASTER VNIR SWIR多光谱遥感数据识别与提取干旱地区岩性信息——以西南天山柯坪隆起东部为例     

时丕龙付碧宏  二宫芳树 《地质科学》2010,45(1):333-347

ASTER多光谱遥感数据目前可以用于岩石矿物资源信息的识别和提取。本研究尝试利用ASTER 可见光近红外（VNIR）和短波红外（SWIR）的多光谱遥感数据提取干旱地区的岩石与矿物信息。基于新疆天山西南缘柯坪隆起东部不同地层单元岩石的化学组成和矿物成份以及VNIR SWIR谱域光谱吸收特征的分析,我们采用相关吸收波段深度（RBD）和波段比值（BR）方法对研究区的多光谱遥感数据进行图像处理,有效区分和识别了白云岩、石灰岩、砂岩以及阿克苏群的蓝片岩—绿片岩和砂质片岩。白云岩的CO2-3吸收谱带中心波长位于232〖KG*3〗μm,与灰岩的CO2-3 吸收谱带中心波长位置235 μm相比,具有向短波长方向移动的特点,据此可以利用RBD7、RBD8分别有效的识别白云岩和灰岩; 长英质岩石显示Al OH和Fe3+ VNIR SWIR吸收特征,而基性 超基性岩石显示Fe2+ 和Fe、Mg OH特征,利用不同的铁价态和次要矿物可以区分它们：ASTER band2/band1代表了含Fe3+ 矿物分布信息、ASTER band5/band4代表了含Fe2+ 矿物分布信息、RBD6可以估计Al OH矿物的丰度; 砂质/泥质片岩含较多的多硅白云母、绿泥石、黑硬绿泥石以及风化后表面覆盖的其它粘土矿物,在221 μm（band 6）存在有特征的吸收谱带,并且在165 μm（band 4）具有较高的反射率,而蓝片/绿片岩在221 μm（band 6）反射率较高,不具有明显特征吸收谱带,同时其在165 μm（band 4）反射率较低,因此蓝片/绿片岩ASTER band4/band6 比值低。应用ASTER band4/band6波段比值可以有效的区分开砂质/泥质片岩与蓝片岩/绿片岩。  相似文献