基于局部重力场建模的Tikhonov正则化点质量核径向基函数方法     

冯进凯  王庆宾  黄炎  范雕 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2019,49(2):569-577

针对点质量核径向基函数应用于局部重力场建模中的设计矩阵严重病态问题,本文引入Tikhonov正则化方法对传统点质量核径向基函数方程进行改造,建立了相应的正则化模型。通过模拟数据进行仿真实验,以传统格网化方法作为对比试验,利用"标靶法"确定两种模型的最优结构。实验结果表明:正则化点质量核径向基函数可以直接利用离散数据进行局部重力场建模。在两种模型的最优结构下,当实测数据无污染时,正则化方法达到与传统格网化方法相当的精度;当实测值中加入3 mGal的高斯白噪声时,正则化方法的精度获得了27.9%的提升。这说明本文方法可以应用于局部重力场建模中,且模型结构更优,抗干扰能力更强。  相似文献   

一种基于钻孔地质数据的快速递进三维地质建模方法     

唐丙寅  吴冲龙  李新川  陈麒玉  慕洪涛 《岩土力学》2015,36(12):3633-3638

三维地质建模是地质数据可视化和空间分析的关键技术之一。针对传统建模方法建模速度慢、建模效率和精度较低的问题,提出了一种直接基于钻孔的点→线→面→体快速递进三维地质建模方法。该方法先对钻孔地层信息进行人机交互对比构成地质剖面,再按钻孔实际坐标在三维空间中还原地质剖面的实际位置,接着通过对剖面间的地层连线进行Kriging插值,形成一系列地层面模型,然后以此为基础构建三维地质框架模型,最后利用BSP矢量剪切技术来裁剪模型边界,形成研究区三维地质模型。该方法在福州市上街镇三维城市地质模型构建的实际应用中得到了验证。实践结果表明,该方法不仅可以实现三维地质模型的快速构建,还可以显著提高三维地质模型的精度。  相似文献   

基于Kriging方法的三维地质可视化系统构建     

陈靓  蒋春曦  杨欣  于书媛  马犇  刘世靖 《华南地震》2014,(4):61-66

针对传统三维地质建模方法存在的诸多问题,对基于Kriging方法的三维地质体构建进行研究。选取某地震工程项目钻孔数据为主要研究对象,在Arc GIS平台上通过地统计分析,实现了复杂三维地质体的快速、准确建立。在此基础上,采用Arc Engine作为二次开发组件,完成该地质体三维展示系统的开发,实现三维展示、专题图出图、三维分析等功能。  相似文献   

Identifying sources and hazardous risks of heavy metals in topsoils of rapidly urbanizing East China   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Yang Liu  Zongwei Ma  Jianshu Lv  Jun Bi 《地理学报(英文版)》2016,26(6):735-749

With rapid economic and social development, soil contamination arising from heavy metals has become a serious problem in many parts of China. We collected a total of 445 samples (0–20 cm) at the nodes of a 2 km×2 km grid in surface soils of Rizhao city, and analyzed sources and risk pattern of 10 heavy metals (As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn). The combination of Multivariate statistics analysis and Geostatistical methods was applied to identify the sources and hazardous risk of heavy metals in soils. The result indicated that Cr, Ni, Co, Mn, Cu, and As were mainly controlled by parent materials and came from natural sources. Cd and Hg originated from anthropogenic sources. Pb and Zn, belonging to different groups in multivariate analysis, were associated with joint effect of parent materials and human inputs. Ordinary Kriging and Indicator Kriging suggested that single element and elements association from the same principal components had similar spatial distribution. Through comprehensive assessment on all elements, we also found the high risk areas were located in the populated urban areas and western study area, which could be attributed to the higher geological background in the western part and strong human interference in the eastern part.  相似文献   

几种土壤属性制图方法的稳定性与影响因素分析     

齐力  赵彦锋  巫振富  张路伟 《地球信息科学学报》2012,14(3):305-312

 本文以土壤CEC和土壤全氮为研究对象,在河南省黄河以北6个地市选取870个样点,并随机均分为两个数据集,进行了制图对比分析;同时研究了Kriging法、IDW法和以点代面法制图结果的稳定性及其与精度的关系,以及影响因素。结果表明:采用实测数据与预测数据的交叉验证并不能用来衡量制图结果的稳定性,验证精度高低并不表示采用不同数据集制图结果可能会重现的概率;而且采用不同的方式进行精度检验,结论也会有所不同。采用不同抽样集合制图,Kriging法和IDW的结果较稳定,两者较接近,其相对误差>0.3的区域均不超过20%,且相对差异度高值区的空间分布格局相对分散;而以点代面法制图结果不稳定,相对误差>0.3的区域达到54.21%,且差异度较高的图斑相对集中,呈大片状分布。制图结果稳定性受到实测数据分布特征和局部地区土壤的高度变异性的影响,其中Kriging方法制图结果的不稳定性受样点分布格局的影响较另两种方法要大,而IDW法和以点代面法受实测数据自身变异性影响更明显。  相似文献   

综合空间相关性和区域分异性方法的上海海洋环境监测站位优化     

范海梅  高秉博  徐韧  王劲峰 《海洋学报(英文版)》2017,36(2):111-121

综合无机氮和活性磷酸盐的海水水质类别现状进行空间分区,拟合无机氮和活性磷酸盐全局半变异函数和局部半变异函数。通过留一交叉检验方法确定统计推断方法,无机氮采用分层克里金插值方法,使得平均绝对误差和误差方差最小;活性磷酸盐采用普通克里金插值方法,使得平均绝对误差和误差方差最小。原则上调整现有站位数的10%,综合考虑对无机氮和活性磷酸盐插值标准差的变化影响,以及对不同水质类别面积的影响,确定去掉冗余的7个历史站位。7个站位均分布在劣四类水区域的长江口南支、北支、和杭州湾北部近岸区域,这些区域站点密集,水体中各要素含量变化不大,水团混合较均匀。优化删减掉的7个站位调整到三类和四类水质分区中,或者无限制区域的优化调整,发现调整优化的站位主要分布在水质类别变化过渡的区域,因此,不同水质类别的分界带以及海域边界处是站位调整优化的关键区域。  相似文献   

Tuning of stochastic ground motion models for compatibility with ground motion prediction equations          下载免费PDF全文

Christopher R. Vetter  Alexandros A. Taflanidis  George P. Mavroeidis 《地震工程与结构动力学》2016,45(6):893-912

  相似文献   

Remote Sensing Monitoring of Glacier Changes in the Western Region of Tanggula Mountains in Recent 25 Years     

Wang Congqiang  Yang Taibao  Xu Aiwen  Ji Qin  Mihretab G. Ghebrezgabher 《地球科学进展》2017,32(1):101-109

This paper focuses on revealing the status quo and variation of glaciers in the western region of Tanggula Mountains. The ratio threshold, NIR water identification and visual interpretation were used to extract the boundary of glaciers based on Landsat data (TM/ETM+/OLI) from 1990 to 2015. In particular, the NIR water identification is a new method to extract glaciers from water, which is suitable to improve the traditional method of ratio threshold. This study used spatial interpolation method to evaluate temperature and precipitation changes. The kriging interpolation method was adapted to manipulate and to extract the appropriate data based on ten weather stations. Comparing to the variations and characteristics of glaciers and climate change from 1990 to 2015, we concluded that glacial retreat in the western region of Tanggula Mountains was serious. The glacier area reduced from 1 693.65 km² to 1 490.81 km², respectively, in 1990 and 2015, in general, approximately 202.84 km² (11.98%) of glacier area has been retreated in the last 25 years. Moreover, the rate of glacier decline after 2000 was much faster than the last decade of the 20th century. In addition, the decreased area of glaciers in the lower altitude basins below 5 000 meters occupied 94.84% of the total change area while the glacier above 5 000 meters almost had no change. The kriging interpolation of the meteorological data indicated that the southeast of the study area was damp and hot while the northwest was cold and dry. The characteristic of temperature distribution from the northwest to the southeast presented from low to high, and precipitation increased in the first of the study period and then decreased but both of them were not very significant. In short, the temperature of study area was increased more prominently since 2000, while the precipitation change was very weak. The mean annual temperature and precipitation of 1980-1989a, 1990-1999a, and 2000-2013a were -3.53 ℃, -3.20 ℃, -2.22 ℃, and 384.49 mm, 354.27 mm, 428.13 mm, respectively. The study found that the glacier change was consistent with temperature variation in spite of the adverse effects of increased precipitation. Therefore, the research concluded that the precipitation change was not more significant comparing to temperature change. In other words, the main reason of the rapid decrease of glaciers in study area was likely due to the rise of temperature.  相似文献   

三维Kriging方法中的变异函数套合     

姚凌青  潘懋  成秋明  常德峰 《地球科学》2009,34(2):294-298

三维属性建模是利用有限的采样数据, 通过插值或模拟的方法来重构地学属性在三维空间中的分布.将Kriging方法推广到三维空间, 从而演化为三维Kriging方法, 可以为三维属性建模提供可靠的手段.而三维Kriging方法面临的一大难题就是各向异性变异函数的套合.提出了一种简单通用的三维空间变异函数的套合方法.该方法以空间坐标基的变换为基础, 在套合时充分考虑轴向上变异差异的影响, 并由此提出各向异性变化率的概念; 论证了套合方法的可行性, 并通过地下水水质三维属性建模的实例对该方法进行了有效的验证.   相似文献   

基于地统计学和GIS的福建省降雨侵蚀力空间格局   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8  

张坤  洪伟  吴承祯  丁新新 《山地学报》2009,27(5)

运用地统计学,结合GIS技术研究了福建省降雨侵蚀力空间分布特征.采用变异函数定量描述空间分布结构特征和析取克里格法进行最优插值,结果表明:福建省降雨侵蚀力变异函数采用指数模型模拟较好,有显著的空间结构性特点,且具有中等空间相关性;分形维数表明降雨侵蚀力表现出一定的方向性特点,在NW-SE向相关性较好;从Kriging插值结果可知,析取克里格插值优于普通与简单克里格插值,降雨侵蚀力较大值分布于研究区域的西北和东北部地区.  相似文献