稻田CH₄排放的农业气象数值模拟研究   总被引：6，自引：2，他引：6       下载免费PDF全文

刘建栋  周秀骥等 《应用气象学报》2001,12(4):409-418

在美国DNDC模式基础上, 综合气象学、农业气象学及生态学最新研究进展, 将作物生长、碳氮循环及CH₄排放有机耦合, 建立了一个CH₄排放数值模式, 模式通过了相关显著性检验。利用模式重点分析了气象因子对稻田CH₄排放的影响状况, 数值分析表明, 当仅考虑气象条件影响时: (1) 不同地区不同生长季节的CH₄排放量均与相应生长期的平均气温成正相关关系; (2) 功率谱分析表明稻田CH₄排放存在4~5年周期变化, 与相应生长季节的平均温度年际变化规律相一致; (3) CH₄排放量年际之间变化趋势与生长季平均气温变化趋势基本一致。利用数值计算结果, 给出了杭州及昌德地区早稻、晚稻CH₄简易统计模式, 为应用模型监测并调控农田生态系统中的CH₄排放奠定了基础。  相似文献   

Eclipsing phenomena of the symbiotic star CH Cygni     

Takashi Iijima 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》1998,297(1):77-83

Eclipsing phenomena of the inner binary with a period of 756 d in the triple symbiotic system CH Cyg may have been detected in detailed spectrophotometric observations. The eclipse of the hot component by the red giant started on 1994 October 11 and finished between 1995 January 8 and 18. The ingress duration was less than one day. The radius of the red giant is estimated to be 288 ± 15 R⊙ from the duration of the eclipse. Assuming the bolometric correction of the red giant (M7 III) as 4, the distance to this object is estimated to be 307 ± 32 pc, which agrees well with that obtained in the observations by Hipparcos . The interstellar extinction in the direction of this object may be much lower than that in the nearby areas. It has been suggested that the outer binary system with an orbital period of about 15 yr is an eclipsing one. It seems unlikely, however, that the variation of the activity of this object with a time-scale of more than 10 yr was a result of eclipses.  相似文献   

Fluxes of CO2, CH4 and N2O from alpine grassland in the Tibetan Plateau     

PEI Zhiyong  OUYANG Hua  ZHOU Caiping  XU Xingliang 《地理学报》2003,13(1):27-34

Using static chamber technique, fluxes of CO2, CH4 and N2O were measured in the alpine grassland area from July 2000 to July 2001, determinations of mean fluxes showed that co2 and N2O were generally released from the soil, while the alpine grassland accounted for a weak CH4 sink. Fluxes of CO2, CH4 and N2O ranged widely. The highest co2 emission occurred in August, whereas almost 90% of the whole year emission occurred in the growing season. But the variations of CH4 and N2O fluxes did not show any clear patterns over the one-year-experiment. During a daily variation, the maximum co2 emission occurred at 16:00, and then decreased to the minimum emission in the early morning. Daily pattern analyses indicated that the variation in co2 fluxes was positively related to air temperatures (R2=0.73) and soil temperatures at a depth of 5 cm (R2=0.86), whereas daily variations in CH4 and N2O fluxes were poorly explained by soil temperatures and climatic variables. co2 emissions in this area were much lower than other grasslands in plain areas.  相似文献   

Discovery and Significance of High CH4 Primary Fluid Inclusions in Reservoir Volcanic Rocks of the Songliao Basin, NE China   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

WANG Pujun HOU Qijun WANG Keyong CHEN Shumin CHENG Rihui LIU Wanzhu LI Quanlin 《《地质学报》英文版》2007,81(1):113-120

Comparing compositions of the fluid inclusions in volcanic rocks to the contents and isotopes of the gases in corresponding volcanic reservoirs using microthermometry, Raman microspectroscopy and mass spectrum analysis, we found that： （1） up to 82 mole% methane exists in the primary inclusions hosted in the reservoir volcanic rocks; （2） high CH4 inclusions recognized in the volcanic rocks correspond to CH4-bcaring CO2 reservoirs that are rich in helium and with a high ^3He/^4He ratio and which show reversed order of 813C in alkane; （3） in gas reservoirs of such abiotic methane （〉80%） and a mix of CH4 and CO2, the enclosed content of CH4 in the volcanic inclusions is usually below 42 mole%, and the reversed order of δ^13C in alkane is sometimes irregular in the corresponding gas pools; （4） a glassy inclusion with a homogeneous temperature over 900℃ also contains a small portion of CH4 although predominantly CO2. This affinity between gas pool and content of inclusion in the same volcanic reservoirs demonstrates that magma-originated gases, both CH4 and CO2, have contributed significantly to the corresponding gas pools and that the assumed hydrocarbon budget of the bulk earth might be much larger than conventionally supposed.  相似文献   

安徽铜陵冬瓜山铜矿床成矿流体特征及演化   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

邱士东  谢玉玲  徐九华  王葆华  杨竹森  蒙义峰 《矿床地质》2007,26(2):204-212

对安徽铜陵冬瓜山矿床内矽卡岩矿物、石英、方解石中的流体包裹体进行了岩相学和显微测温分析、群体包裹体气液相成分分析、单个包裹体气液相成分激光拉曼探针分析,探讨了成矿流体的特征及演化。研究表明,该矿床与燕山期岩浆热液有关的成矿流体,从早期矽卡岩阶段,经中期石英硫化物阶段,至晚期石英方解石阶段,是从高温、高盐度、富钾流体演化至中高温、中高盐度、富CO2(CH4)流体再至中低温、低盐度流体。成矿流体中的主要挥发分为H2O、CO2、CH4,并含少量C2H6、H2S、N2等,液相成分中的阳离子以Na 、K 为主,有少量Ca2 、Mg2 等,阴离子除Cl-外,SO42-的含量也较高。  相似文献   

CH4—H2O体系流体包裹体拉曼光谱定量分析和计算方法          下载免费PDF全文

陈勇  周瑶琪  查明  林承焰  王强 《地质论评》2007,53(6):814-823

CH4—H2O体系流体包裹体研究对含油气盆地流体分析和成矿流体研究都有重要的意义。本文详细介绍了H2O、CH4和CH4—H2O体系的拉曼光谱特征及分子作用，分析了CH4—H2O体系热力学特征，同时对CH4—H2O体系流体包裹体拉曼光谱定量分析和计算的方法及步骤进行了叙述。利用人工合成流体包裹体建立甲烷浓度与拉曼特征峰面积比值之间的校正曲线是实现CH4—H2O体系流体包裹体定量分析的基础。盐度对包裹体定量分析的影响最为显著，在恒定甲烷浓度下，甲烷与水的拉曼峰面积比值随着盐度增加而减少。对于流体包裹体封闭体系，随温度升高，液相甲烷浓度增大。校正曲线必须包含对温度和盐度的校正。石英主矿物性质和方位对甲烷浓度定量分析的影响可以忽略。实验研究表明，原位拉曼光谱技术是准确获取流体包裹体中甲烷水合物生成条件的一种有效方法。因此，基于拉曼光谱分析和显微测温分析结果，采用热力学模型可以定量计算CH4—H2O体系流体包裹体的相关参数。  相似文献   

广东清远早、晚稻稻田甲烷排放的观测研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

许黎  任万辉  杨宁  王天龙  刘锦銮  M A K Khalil  R A Rasmussen  M J Shearer 《气象》2007,33(3):19-27

分析了2003、2004年广东省清远市郊区早、晚稻稻田甲烷（CH4）的排放通量，结果表明：广东清远早、晚稻稻田CH4排放通量的几何平均值2003年为4，38mg·m^-2·h^-1和6．09mg·m^-2·h^-1；2004年为5．17mg·m^-2·h^-1和8．3mg·m^-2·h^-1，土壤有机质含量是造成2003和2004年CH4排放差异的原因之一。水稻品种的不同，CH4排放通量也有所不同，实验表明，水稻品种“七丝尖”的排放通量比品种“金优99”高1．08mg·m^-2·h^-1，产量却只有64％。此外，与相关的测量结果进行初步比较。  相似文献   

楚雄盆地云龙凹陷尖山油苗油源对比   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

陈坚  余成文 《云南地质》2000,19(4):423-432

对楚雄盆地云龙凹陷泥盆系尖山油苗的有机地化特征进行了分析,并通过生物标记物１２个参数多因素油源对比,认为该油苗主要为油苗之下的华二段油页岩附近的灰质泥岩为其烃源岩;同时,泥盆系灰岩对油苗的形成具有一定的贡献作用。  相似文献   

南极苔原沼泽温室气体通量变化特征及其对气候变化的响应          下载免费PDF全文

王培  叶文娟  朱仁斌  徐华 《极地研究》2020,32(1):13-24

以南极阿德雷岛苔原沼泽为研究区域,2016年12月至2017年1月南极夏季期间观测研究了温室气体CH_4、CO_2和N_2O通量的变化规律及其对环境因子的响应关系。结果表明:光照条件下干旱苔原沼泽表现为CH_4吸收,通量为(–5.4±4.3)μg CH_4·m~(–2)·h~(–1),半干旱苔原与淹水苔原沼泽表现为净排放;三个类型苔原沼泽观测点均表现为N_2O净吸收,最高吸收通量出现在淹水苔原,为(–2.6±2.4)μg N_2O·m~(–2)·h~(–1);黑暗条件下苔原沼泽一致表现为CH_4和N_2O净排放。光照与土壤水分减少增加了苔原CH_4有氧氧化吸收,同时促进了反硝化作用对N_2O的还原转化。观测期间所有观测点均表现为CO_2的汇,最高CO_2净交换量与光合作用强度都出现在淹水苔原区,分别为(–40.1±17.6)μg CO_2·m~(–2)·h~(–1)和(91.2±26.5) mg CO_2·m~(–2)·h~(–1);而最高苔原沼泽呼吸速率出现在干旱苔原观测点,为(73.1±17.6)μg CO_2·m~(–2)·h~(–1)。夏季适宜的温度、降水条件促进了苔原植被的光合作用,增加了苔原沼泽CO_2吸收量。CO_2、N_2O、CH_4通量随时间变化的相互关系规律不显著(P0.05),但在降水与温度波动下,N_2O与CH_4通量都随CO_2通量呈现相似的波动。三种温室气体与各种环境因子之间的响应关系值得进一步研究;不同光照条件对CH_4、N_2O排放量的估算有重要影响。  相似文献   

Effect of methane emission increases in East Asia on atmospheric circulation and ozone     

Lin Shang  Yi Liu  Wenshou Tian  Yuli Zhang 《大气科学进展》2015,32(12):1617-1627

We used a fully coupled chemistry–climate model(version 3 of the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model,WACCM3) to investigate the effect of methane(CH4) emission increases,especially in East Asia and North America,on atmospheric temperature,circulation and ozone(O3). We show that CH4 emission increases strengthen westerly winds in the Northern Hemisphere midlatitudes,accelerate the Brewer–Dobson(BD) circulation,and cause an increase in the mass flux across the tropopause. However,the BD circulation in the tropics between 10?S and 10?N at 100 h Pa weakens as CH4 emissions increase in East Asia and strengthens when CH4 emissions increase in North America. When CH4 emissions are increased by 50% in East Asia and 15% globally,the stratospheric temperature cools by up to 0.15 K,and the stratospheric O3 increases by 45 ppbv and 60 ppbv,respectively. A 50% increase of CH4 emissions in North America(with an amplitude of stratospheric O3 increases by 60 ppbv) has a greater influence on the stratospheric O3 than the same CH4 emissions increase in East Asia. CH4 emission increases in East Asia and North America reduce the concentration of tropospheric hydroxyl radicals(4% and 2%,respectively) and increase the concentration of mid-tropospheric O3(5% and 4%,respectively) in the Northern Hemisphere midlatitudes. When CH4 emissions increase in East Asia,the increase in the tropospheric O3 concentration is largest in August. When CH4 emissions increase in North America,the increase in the O3 concentration is largest in July in the mid-troposphere,and in April in the upper troposphere.  相似文献