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41.
I.P. Solovova A.V. Girnis L.N. Kogarko N.N. Kononkova F. Stoppa G. Rosatelli 《Lithos》2005,85(1-4):113-128
This paper presents a study of melt and fluid inclusions in minerals of an olivine-leucite phonolitic nephelinite bomb from the Monticchio Lake Formation, Vulture. The rock contains 50 vol.% clinopyroxene, 12% leucite, 10% alkali feldspars, 8% hauyne/sodalite, 7.5% nepheline, 4.5% apatite, 3.2% olivine, 2% opaques, 2.6% plagioclase, and < 1% amphibole. We distinguished three generations of clinopyroxene differing in composition and morphology. All the phenocrysts bear primary and secondary melt and fluid inclusions, which recorded successive stages of melt evolution. The most primitive melts were found in the most magnesian olivine and the earliest clinopyroxene phenocrysts. The melts are near primary mantle liquids and are rich in Ca, Mg and incompatible and volatile elements. Thermometric experiments with the melt inclusions suggested that melt crystallization began at temperatures of about 1200 °C. Because of the partial leakage of all primary fluid inclusions, the pressure of crystallization is constrained only to minimum of 3.5 kbar. Combined silicate–carbonate melt inclusions were found in apatite phenocrysts. They are indicative of carbonate–silicate liquid immiscibility, which occurred during magma evolution. Large hydrous secondary melt inclusions were found in olivine and clinopyroxene. The inclusions in the phenocrysts recorded an open-system magma evolution during its rise towards the surface including crystallization, degassing, oxidation, and liquid immiscibility processes. 相似文献
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43.
We report the results of textural and mineralogical investigations of fragment #d(3–8)B of the Kaidun meteorite. The fragment is represented by six polished thin sections obtained by sequential sawing of a meteorite sample. Its main mineral is magnesian olivine; pyroxenes, augite and enstatite, are less abundant. The minor minerals are Fe-Ni sulfides, and the accessory minerals are chromian magnetite and apatite. The minerals show highly variable compositions. Several lithological types of material were distinguished on the basis of texture and composition. A characteristic feature is the presence of fractures, whose walls are enriched in olivine and, occasionally, sulfides. Some fractures contain relatively large euhedral crystals of zoned olivine. Olivines occurring on the walls of fractures and within fractures show a negative correlation between Mg# values and nickel content. The fragment has been subjected to multiple impact events. The material of the fragment bears evidence for intense multistage metasomatic alteration with the influx of olivine material and formation of pegmatoid-type segregations. This process has never previously been observed in meteorites, but is quite common in terrestrial massifs. The results of this study are in good agreement with our hypothesis that Phobos is the parent body of the Kaidun meteorite and indicate a possible Martian origin for Kaidun fragment #d(3–8)B. 相似文献
44.
I. D. Ryabchikov L. N. Kogarko A. M. Sazonov N. N. Kononkova 《Doklady Earth Sciences》2016,468(2):623-625
Study of mineral inclusions within alluvial gold particles of the Guli Complex (East Siberia) and findings of lode gold in rocks of the same intrusion have demonstrated that gold mineralization occurs in interstitions of both early high–magnesium rocks (dunite) and later alkalic and carbonatite rocks. In dunite the native gold occurs in association with Fe–Ni sulfides (monosulfide solid solution, pentlandite, and heazlewoodite). Formation of the gold-bearing alloys took place under a low oxygen potential over a broad range of temperatures: from those close to 600°C down to below 400°C. 相似文献
45.
E. P. Anisimova G. E. Kononkova V. V. Kuznetsov A. S. Orlov G. I. Popov A. A. Speranskaya 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》1974,6(1-2):5-11
Research results are presented, under natural and laboratory conditions, concerning the process of wind-wave generation. The complementary problem, the effect of waves on the structure of the wind field above them, is also studied. 相似文献
46.
E. B. Lebedev B. N. Ryzhenko H. Burkhardt A. V. Zharikov I. A. Roshchina N. N. Kononkova S. R. Zebrin 《Izvestiya Physics of the Solid Earth》2014,50(3):367-377
Recent geophysical studies have revealed zones with anomalously low seismic velocities and increased electric conductivity in the middle part of the Earth’s crust. It is suggested that these zones can probably be related with the variations in the porosity and permeability of the rocks and the presence of fluids, and that they can explain the existence of crustal waveguides. In order to verify this model, we carried out an experimental study. Among the studied metamorphic processes, the acid metasomatose most completely explains the silicification of rocks. The present work considers the physico-chemical causes of the redeposition of quartz from the solutions, the influence of the pH of the solutions on the mass transfer and deposition of quartz during silicification, and alteration of the physical properties of the rocks. Silicification leads to the increase in density, change in microtexture, and cementation of rocks. It also causes the change in seismic velocities in the Earth’s crust. 相似文献
47.
M. V. Portnyagin V. B. Naumov N. L. Mironov I. A. Belousov N. N. Kononkova 《Geochemistry International》2011,49(11):1085-1110
The powerful eruption in the Akademii Nauk caldera on January 2, 1996, marked a new activity phase of Karymsky volcano and
became a noticeable event in the history of modern volcanism in Kamchatka. The paper reports data obtained by studying more
than 200 glassy melt inclusions in phenocrysts of olivine (Fo
82-72), plagioclase (An
92-73), and clinopyroxene (Mg#83-70) in basalts of the 1996 eruption. The data were utilized to estimate the composition of the parental melt and the physicochemical
parameters of the magma evolution. According to our data, the parental melt corresponded to low magnesian, highly aluminous
basalt (SiO2 = 50.2 wt %, MgO = 5.6 wt %, Al2O3 = 17 wt %) of the mildly potassic type (K2O = 0.56 wt %) and contained much dissolved volatile components (H2O = 2.8 wt %, S = 0.17 wt %, and Cl = 0.11 wt %). Melt inclusions in the minerals are similar in chemical composition, a fact
testifying that the minerals crystallized simultaneously with one another. Their crystallization started at a pressure of
approximately 1.5 kbar, proceeded within a narrow temperature range of 1040 ± 20°C, and continued until a near-surface pressure
of approximately 100 bar was reached. The degree of crystallization of the parental melt during its eruption was close to
55%. Massive crystallization was triggered by H2O degassing under a pressure of less than 1 kbar. Magma degassing in an open system resulted in the escape of 82% H2O, 93% S, and 24% Cl (of their initial contents in the parental melt) to the fluid phase. The release of volatile compounds
to the atmosphere during the eruption that lasted for 18 h was estimated at 1.7 × 106 t H2O, 1.4 × 105 t S, and 1.5 × 104 t Cl. The concentrations of most incompatible trace elements in the melt inclusions are close to those in the rocks and to
the expected fractional differentiation trend. Melt inclusions in the plagioclase were found to be selectively enriched in
Li. The Li-enriched plagioclase with melt inclusions thought to originate from cumulate layers in the feeding system beneath
Karymsky volcano, in which plagioclase interacted with Li-rich melts/brines and was subsequently entrapped and entrained by
the magma during the 1996 eruption. 相似文献
48.
V. Yu. Rusakov V. V. Shilov I. A. Roshchina N. N. Kononkova 《Geochemistry International》2011,49(12):1208-1238
The lithological-facies, biostratigraphic, and geochemical studies of ore-bearing and metalliferous sediments were carried
out using original material from six cores taken in the MAR 16°38′N area during 28th Cruise of the R/V Professor Logachev. 相似文献
49.
Dunites, peridotites, olivine and spinel pyroxenites, and metagabbroids have been described in the tectonic blocks of the Pekul’ney complex of the central Chukchi Peninsula together with garnet-hornblende-clinopyroxene and zoisite (clinozoisite)-garnet-hornblende rocks, which are indicative of high-pressure complexes. However, the interpretations of previous researchers on the composition, structure, setting, and processes of formation of this rock association are highly controversial. The petrographic and mineralogical results reported in this paper indicate that the blocks of the complex host bodies of cumulate ultramafics among metamorphic rocks. These relationships were supported by the finding of xenoliths and xenocrysts of metamorphic rocks in the ultramafics. The metamorphic country rocks are lower crustal amphibolites and schists with peak metamorphic parameters corresponding to the high-pressure portion of the epidoteamphibolite facies (610–680°C and 9–14 kbar). All the varieties of ultramafic rocks studied in the blocks of the complex are assigned to a single cumulate series (from dunite to clinozoisite-garnet hornblendite), and the compositions of their primary minerals show regular correlations similar to crystallization differentiation trends. Specific features of the ultramafics of the Pekul’ney complex are the early crystallization of hornblende (which is present already in peridotites), wide range of garnet crystallization (associating with clinopyroxene, ceylonite, and hornblende), presence of magmatic clinozoisite in the most evolved assemblages (with garnet, hornblende, and clinopyroxene), and absence of evidence for plagioclase crystallization. Clinopyroxene from the most evolved ultramafic rocks contains more than 15 wt % Al2O3. The classification of the rocks of the complex provides a basis for the interpretation of geological relations between them and the elucidation of the characteristics of the internal structure of the blocks of the complex and bodies of cumulate ultramafic rocks in them. 相似文献
50.
Nadezhda Alexandrovna Krivolutskaya Alexandr Vladimirovich Sobolev Sergey Grigor’evich Snisar Bronislav Iosiphovich Gongalskiy Dmitry Vladimirovich Kuzmin Folkmar Hauff Irina Nikolaevna Tushentsova Natalya Mikhailovna Svirskaya Natalya Nikolaevna Kononkova Tatyana B. Schlychkova 《Mineralium Deposita》2012,47(1-2):69-88
We report new data on the stratigraphy, mineralogy and geochemistry of the rocks and ores of the Maslovsky Pt–Cu–Ni sulfide deposit which is thought to be the southwestern extension of the Noril’sk 1 intrusion. Variations in the Ta/Nb ratio of the gabbro-dolerites hosting the sulfide mineralization and the compositions of their pyroxene and olivine indicate that these rocks were produced by two discrete magmatic pulses, which gave rise to the Northern and Southern Maslovsky intrusions that together host the Maslovsky deposit. The Northern intrusion is located inside the Tungusska sandstones and basalt of the Ivakinsky Formation. The Southern intrusion cuts through all of the lower units of the Siberian Trap tuff-lavas, including the Lower Nadezhdinsky Formation; demonstrating that the ore-bearing intrusions of the Noril’sk Complex post-date that unit. Rocks in both intrusions have low TiO2 and elevated MgO contents (average mean TiO2 <1 and MgO?=?12?wt.%) that are more primitive than the lavas of the Upper Formations of the Siberian Traps which suggests that the ore-bearing intrusions result from a separate magmatic event. Unusually high concentrations of both HREE (Dy+Yb+Er+Lu) and Y (up to 1.2 and 2.1?ppm, respectively) occur in olivines (Fo79.5 and 0.25% NiO) from picritic and taxitic gabbro-dolerites with disseminated sulfide mineralization. Thus accumulation of HREE, Y and Ni in the melts is correlated with the mineral potential of the intrusions. The TiO2 concentration in pyroxene has a strong negative correlation with the Mg# of both host mineral and Mg# of host rock. Sulfides from the Northern Maslovsky intrusion are predominantly chalcopyrite–pyrrhotite–pentlandite with subordinate and minor amounts of cubanite, bornite and millerite and a diverse assemblage of rare precious metal minerals including native metals (Au, Ag and Pd), Sn–Pd–Pt–Bi–Pb compounds and Fe–Pt alloys. Sulfides from the Southern Maslovsky intrusion have δ 34S?=?5–6‰ up to 10.8‰ in two samples whereas the country rock basalt have δ 34S?=?3–4‰, implying there was no in situ assimilation of surrounding rocks by magmas. 相似文献