Late Paleozoic to Jurassic chronostratigraphy of coastal southern Peru: Temporal evolution of sedimentation along an active margin     

《Journal of South American Earth Sciences》2013

We present an integrated geochronological and sedimentological study that significantly revises the basin and magmatic history associated with lithospheric thinning in southern coastal Peru (15–18°S) since the onset of subduction at ∼530 Ma. Until now, estimating the age of the sedimentary and volcanic rocks has heavily relied on paleontologic determinations. Our new geochronological data, combined with numerous field observations, provide the first robust constraints on their chronostratigraphy, which is discussed in the light of biostratigraphical attributions. A detailed review of the existing local units simplifies the current stratigraphic nomenclature and clarifies its absolute chronology using zircon U–Pb ages. We observe that the Late Paleozoic to Jurassic stratigraphy of coastal southern Peru consists of two first-order units, namely (1) the Yamayo Group, a sedimentary succession of variable (0–2 km) thickness, with apparently no nearby volcanic lateral equivalent, and (2) the overlying Yura Group, consisting of a lower, 1–6 km-thick volcanic and volcaniclastic unit, the Chocolate Formation, and an upper, 1–2 km-thick sedimentary succession that are in markedly diachronous contact across the coeval arc and back-arc. We date the local base of the Chocolate Formation, and thus of the Yura Group, to 216 Ma, and show that the underlying Yamayo Group spans a >110 Myr-long time interval, from at least the Late Visean to the Late Triassic, and is apparently devoid of significant internal discontinuities. The age of the top of the Chocolate Formation, i.e. of the volcanic arc pile, varies from ∼194 Ma to less than ∼135 Ma across the study area. We suggest that this simplified and updated stratigraphic framework can be reliably used as a reference for future studies.  相似文献   

拉萨地体南部早侏罗世岩浆岩的成因和构造意义   总被引：9，自引：7，他引：2  

董昕  张泽明 《岩石学报》2013,29(6):1933-1948

本文从拉萨地体南部原来被认为是前寒武纪变质基底的冈底斯岩群中厘定出了一套早侏罗世的岩浆岩.锆石U-Pb年代学研究表明,这些岩浆岩侵位于202～ 180Ma.岩石类型包括辉长闪长岩、二长岩和花岗闪长岩,是一套中酸性、偏铝质钙碱性、Ⅰ型花岗岩类.微量元素表现出消减带富集大离子亲石元素、亏损高场强元素的特征,并具有岛弧花岗岩的亲缘性.锆石Hf同位素研究表明,加查地区中酸性岩石来自新生地壳物质的熔融,偏基性岩石来自于亏损地幔.而桑日地区的酸性岩石来自于古老地壳物质的重熔.本文认为包括研究区在内的南拉萨地体中的晚三叠世-早侏罗世岩浆岩为俯冲到南拉萨地体之下的松多洋壳断离或回卷,软流圈地幔上涌,地幔楔熔融并加热上覆地壳的产物.  相似文献   

华北北部古生代大陆地壳增生过程中的岩浆作用与成矿效应   总被引：13，自引：7，他引：6  

张晓晖  翟明国 《岩石学报》2010,26(5):1329-1341

包括前寒武纪克拉通与显生宙造山带两大构造单元的华北北部,古生代时期板块构造体制下古亚洲洋的裂解-扩展-消亡与汇聚大陆边缘的俯冲-碰撞-伸展循环构成了其大陆地壳增生与再造演化的基本图景,并形成了一系列记录这些因果演变连续过程的岩浆侵入与喷发事件。这些物质记录无疑是研究汇聚大陆边缘壳-幔作用和物质交换、大陆地壳演化与大规模成矿作用耦合关系的绝佳窗口。本文在系统总结最近几年积累的年代学和岩石地球化学资料的基础上,以一些带有特定过程印记的标志性岩浆事件为纲领,表征这些古生代岩浆作用形成过程中的地球动力学演变,揭示其所记录的华北北部大陆地壳的多阶段增生与再造演化机制,并初步探讨了有利地球动力学过程制约下的岩浆行为引起的成矿物质聚集效应。  相似文献   

北祁连早古生代花岗质岩浆作用及构造演化   总被引：29，自引：14，他引：15  

吴才来  徐学义  高前明  李向民  雷敏  郜源红  Ronald B FROST  Joseph L WOODEN 《岩石学报》2010,26(4):1027-1044

北祁连山中段花岗岩锆石SHRIMP定年结果表明,柯柯里岩体的斜长花岗岩和石英闪长岩的年龄分别为512Ma和501 Ma,野马咀和金佛寺花岗岩的年龄分别为508Ma和424Ma。结合区内其它花岗岩体的定年资料,根据花岗岩的岩石地球化学特征及岩体产出的构造位置、区域地质资料等,我们认为,早古生代北祁连洋板块向南俯冲,至少引发了两期花岗质岩浆作用,第一次岩浆作用形成柯柯里斜长花岗岩(512Ma)、野马咀花岗岩(508Ma)和柯柯里石英闪长岩(501 Ma),第二次花岗质岩浆作用形成牛心山花岗岩(477Ma)。由于往南俯冲的板块受到柴达木板块向北俯冲的影响,俯冲受阻,继而俯冲极性发生变化,转向北俯冲,形成了民乐窑沟(463Ma)等花岗岩侵入体。大约440Ma之后,洋盆闭合,柴达木陆块和阿拉善陆块对接碰撞,形成北祁连造山带。由于造山带根部岩石圈发生折沉作用,造山带上不同的块体伸展、滑塌,形成一系列碰撞后花岗岩如金佛寺花岗岩(424Ma)及牛心山岩体的石英闪长岩(435Ma)等。  相似文献   

腾冲火山区的现代幔源氦释放:构造和岩浆活动意义   总被引：6，自引：3，他引：3  

赵慈平  冉华  王云 《岩石学报》2012,28(4):1189-1204

深地震测深(DSS)和大地电磁测深(MT)都表明腾冲火山区现今仍存在壳内岩浆囊,但对其数量和空间分布还存在分歧并缺乏全貌性认识。MT探测认为腾冲火山区是一个软流圈上涌和岩石圈减薄区,但对这一减薄区的空间范围还缺乏充分的约束。通过对腾冲火山区及外围大范围温泉逸出气体的分析测试,我们共获得了75个温泉逸出气体的氦同位素³He/⁴He比值数据(部分为前人资料)。利用氦同位素示踪原理,我们研究了腾冲火山区幔源氦释放强度空间分布和时间变化特征,结果发现:腾冲火山区的幔源挥发份释放呈1带3区分布。以³He/⁴He≥1 Ra,幔源氦比例≥15%为界,腾冲火山区的幔源挥发份释放异常区呈整片分布,为一南北走向的条带,南北长100km,东西宽50km。在整片异常区的内部,腾冲火山区的幔源挥发份释放又有强度不同的3个区域:① 中部腾冲县城-热海一带,³He/⁴He比值达到5.5 Ra以上,幔源氦比例达到70%以上,释放强度最强。② 北部曲石一带,³He/⁴He比值达4.5 Ra以上,幔源氦比例达到50%以上,释放强度次之。③ 南部五合-蒲川-新华一带,³He/⁴He比值达2Ra以上,幔源氦比例达到25%以上,释放强度最弱;腾冲火山区幔源挥发份释放强度在不断升高,其中第3个释放区的³He/⁴He比值(Ra)升高速率比前两者明显要大。我们认为:腾冲火山区现今幔源挥发份释放强度的空间分布图象就是该地区软流圈上涌和岩石圈减薄区空间尺度和上涌强度的最直接反映,上涌区(减薄区)的大小大致为南北长100km,东西宽50km;腾冲火山区现今存在3个壳内岩浆囊。第1个岩浆囊位于腾冲县城-热海一带,第2个岩浆囊位于马站-曲石一带,第3个岩浆囊位于五合-龙江-团田-蒲川-新华一带;腾冲火山区3个岩浆囊都在不断受到幔源岩浆的持续补充;第1个岩浆囊集幔源挥发份释放、相对地热梯度、地壳形变和地震活动等异常于一身,活动性最强,是未来腾冲火山最可能喷发的地点,需重点监视。第2个岩浆囊的幔源挥发份释放强度也引人注目,需加强监测。第3个岩浆囊规模大,埋深较浅,幔源挥发份释放增加较快,需引起注意。  相似文献   

特提斯喜马拉雅多重基性岩浆事件：追溯新特提斯洋的生存时限     

ZENG Ling-sen  GAO Li-e  HE Ke-jun  TANG Suo-han  GUO Chun-li 《地球学报》2012,33(S1):72-73

Processes accompanied the breakup of continents, spreading of ocean floor and continent-ocean transi-tion could trigger large scale melting of the mantle beneath the continent as well as the ocean, and pro-duce mafic magmas with distinct geochemical charac-teristics. Such rocks provide us an important record for unraveling the nature and the time of deep tectonic and magmatic processes during the tectonic evolution of large-scale orogenic belts, such as the Himalayan orogenic belt. As an integrated part of the Himalaya, the Tethyan Himalaya consists of well-developed early Paleozoic to Cenozoic sediments and is noted for de-velopment of spectacular semi-continuous, thousand kilometers long gneiss (or granitic) domes. It has pre-served critical records to address the nature of defor-mation, magmatism, and metamorphism associated with the opening, spreading, and demise of the Neo-Tethyan Ocean and the final continental collision between the Indian and the Eurasian Plate at the early Cenozoic time. In addition, it also could be a type-example to address a number of first-order issues with regard to the tectonic dynamics of passive conti-nental margin during the Wilson-cycle.  相似文献   

滇西地区深部构造特征及其对成岩-成矿的控制作用   总被引：5，自引：5，他引：0  

葛良胜  邓军  杨立强  王治华  郭晓东  袁士松 《岩石学报》2012,28(5):1387-1400

滇西地区地处扬子板块与印度板块之间特殊地带,是西南三江复合造山带的重要组成部分。地球物理资料揭示该区深构造特征复杂:地壳呈相对稳定的三层结构,其内部存在不规则低速透镜体;莫霍面自北而南呈近东西向阶梯式逐渐抬升,形态上隆坳相间;壳-幔界面存在明显的壳-幔过渡带,软流层地幔具有多层次隆起现象。深浅部构造呈现明显的立交桥式多层架结构。深部构造与区域成岩成矿关系密切:空间上,岩体与成矿的集中区分布体现出受由幔坡带所推断的深大断构造所控制,并与壳内低速体和壳-幔混合带存在垂向上的对应关系。岩浆岩岩石组合、岩石学和地球化学特征反映岩浆形成于壳-幔混合带物质的部分熔融,而地幔流体上涌是激发壳-幔混合带发生部分熔融的重要因素。研究认为,滇西地区燕山晚期-喜马拉雅期所处的特殊构造部位及经历的区域构造动力体制时空转换是形成深部特殊地质结构的动力学条件,并是激发强烈壳-幔相互作用的重要前提。在壳幔相互作用过程中,大量地幔流体携带成矿物质经由深大断裂上升至壳-幔混合带,激发其部分熔融,形成原始岩浆;随岩浆上升和分异演化,在构造有利部位成岩成矿,由此形成区域成岩成矿的一体化特点。而软流层幔的多期次脉动式上涌则是导致成矿多期性的内在因素。  相似文献   

Thermal impact of the break-up of Pangea on the Iberian Peninsula, assessed by thermochronological dating and numerical modelling     

J. Juez-Larr  M. Ter Voorde 《Tectonophysics》2009,474(1-2):200

Thermochronological studies of Variscan basement in Iberia yield cooling ages typically younger than ~ 200 Ma. In this paper, we explore the regional implications of this recurrent age maximum by examination of low and high temperature thermochronological datasets from all over Iberia. Based on these results, we show that in general the lack of cooling ages older than 200 Ma is the result of several important regional periods of thermal resetting. Resetting took place in areas of extension and burial during the Mesozoic break-up of Pangea. Evidence for large scale magmatism and mineralisation is found in Iberia during the Mesozoic, since at that time Iberia formed part of the Central Atlantic Magmatic Province and a large mineralization province extending from North Africa to Western Europe. Numerical modelling allows us to assess the conditions under which rocks in the upper crust may have been thermally reset and the mechanisms likely involved. Results show that active rifting combined with shallow magmatism, and to a lesser extent deep sedimentary burial, could have led to an increase of the geothermal gradient up to ~ 73 °C/km and the reset of thermochronometers with closure temperatures up to 200 °C. Yet, we suggest that also hydrothermal activity, associated to extensional basins, played an important role to the increase of temperatures of some basement rocks above 300 °C.  相似文献   

The dynamics of big mantle wedge, magma factory, and metamorphic–metasomatic factory in subduction zones   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

S. Maruyama  A. Hasegawa  M. Santosh  T. Kogiso  S. Omori  H. Nakamura  K. Kawai  D. Zhao 《Gondwana Research》2009,16(3-4):414-430

The East Asian continental margin is underlain by stagnant slabs resulting from subduction of the Pacific plate from the east and the Philippine Sea plate from the south. We classify the upper mantle in this region into three major domains: (a) metasomatic–metamorphic factory (MMF), subduction zone magma factory (SZMF), and the ‘big mantle wedge’ (BMW). Whereas the convection pattern is anticlockwise in the MMF domain, it is predominantly clockwise in the SZMF and BMW, along a cross section from the south. Here we define the MMF as a small wedge corner which is driven by the subducting Pacific plate and dominated by H₂O-rich fluids derived by dehydration reactions, and enriched in large ion lithophile elements (LILE) which cause the metasomatism. The SZMF is a zone intermediate between MMF and BMW domains and constitutes the main region of continental crust production by partial melting through wedge counter-corner flow. Large hydrous plume generated at about 200 km depth causes extensive reduction in viscosity and the smaller scale hydrous plumes between 60 km and 200 km also bring about an overall reduction in the viscosity of SZMF. More fertile and high temperature peridotites are supplied from the entrance to this domain. The domain extends obliquely to the volcanic front and then swings back to the deep mantle together with the subducting slab. The BMW occupies the major portion of upper mantle in the western Pacific and convects largely with a clockwise sense removing the eastern trench oceanward. Sporadic formation of hydrous plume at the depth of around 410 km and the curtain flow adjacent to the trench cause back arc spreading. We envisage that the heat source in BMW could be the accumulated TTG (tonalite–trondhjemite–granodiorite) crust on the bottom of the mantle transition zone. The ongoing process of transportation of granitic crust into the mantle transition zone is evident from the deep subduction of five intra-oceanic arcs on the subducting Philippine Sea plate from the south, in addition to the sediment trapped subduction by the Pacific plate and Philippine Sea plate. The dynamics of MMF, SZMF and BMW domains are controlled by the angle of subduction; a wide zone of MMF in SW Japan is caused by shallow angle subduction of the Philippine Sea plate and the markedly small MMF domain in the Mariana trench is due to the high angle subduction of Pacific plate. The domains in NE Japan and Kyushu region are intermediate between these two. During the Tertiary, a series of marginal basins were formed because of the nearly 2000 km northward shift of the subduction zone along the southern margin of Tethyan Asia, which may be related to the collision of India with Asia and the indentation. The volume of upper mantle under Asia was reduced extensively on the southern margin with a resultant oceanward trench retreat along the eastern margin of Asia, leading to the formation of a series of marginal basins. The western Pacific domain in general is characterized by double-sided subduction; from the east by the oldest Pacific plate and from the south by the oldest Indo-Australian plate. The old plates are hence hydrated extensively even in their central domains and therefore of low temperature. The cracks have allowed the transport of water into the deeper portions of the slab and these domains supply hydrous fluids even to the bottom of the upper mantle. Thus, a fluid dominated upper mantle in the western Pacific drives a number of microplates and promote the plate boundary processes.  相似文献   

从碳源到碳汇：大陆弧演化过程中岩浆与剥蚀作用对长期碳循环的影响     

姜禾禾 《岩石学报》2022,38(5):1302-1312

在百万年时间尺度上,大气、海洋中的二氧化碳浓度(P_CO2,二氧化碳分压)和长期变化主要受岩浆-变质脱碳作用和硅酸盐风化作用(消耗二氧化碳)控制。因此,地球表层主要构造活动带的构造-岩浆活动对长期碳循环具有重要的驱动作用。本文在总结已发表文献的基础上,系统评估了大陆弧,尤其是晚白垩世大陆弧的岩浆作用和剥蚀作用的碳通量,并以此为依据探讨了大陆弧演化对于全球长期碳循环的影响。大陆弧岩浆作用以周期性(几十万年至一百百万年)岩浆爆发(magmatic flare-ups)为特征。在一个周期内,大规模岩浆喷发会导致CO₂排放量大幅度增加,促进温室效应。但同时,大规模的岩浆作用又会导致地壳增厚和和地表抬升,从而促进剥蚀作用、提高化学风化通量,进而增加CO₂消耗量。对于单个的大陆弧来说,在其演化的不同阶段对于碳循环扮演着不同的角色：演化早期由于岩浆作用起主导作用,表现为净碳源;而在岩浆作用减弱或停止后,由于剥蚀作用的持续进行,表现为净碳汇。因此,从长周期和全球尺度上讲,大陆弧岩浆活动表现的“碳源属性”受到化学风化作...  相似文献