Recent geological and hydrological activity on Mars: The Tharsis/Elysium corridor     

James M. Dohm  Robert C. Anderson  Nadine G. Barlow  Hirdy Miyamoto  Ashley G. Davies  G. Jeffrey Taylor  Victor R. Baker  William V. Boynton  John Keller  Kris Kerry  Daniel Janes  Alberto G. Fairn  Dirk Schulze-Makuch  Mihaela Glamoclija  Lucia Marinangeli  Gian G. Ori  Robert G. Strom  Jean-Pierre Williams  Justin C. Ferris  J.A.P. Rodríguez  Miguel A. de Pablo  Suniti Karunatillake 《Planetary and Space Science》2008,56(7):985-1013

The paradigm of an ancient warm, wet, and dynamically active Mars, which transitioned into a cold, dry, and internally dead planet, has persisted up until recently despite published Viking-based geologic maps that indicate geologic and hydrologic activity extending into the Late Amazonian epoch. This paradigm is shifting to a water-enriched planet, which may still exhibit internal activity, based on a collection of geologic, hydrologic, topographic, chemical, and elemental evidences obtained by the Viking, Mars Global Surveyor (MGS), Mars Odyssey (MO), Mars Exploration Rovers (MER), and Mars Express (MEx) missions. The evidence includes: (1) stratigraphically young rock materials such as pristine lava flows with few, if any, superposed impact craters; (2) tectonic features that cut stratigraphically young materials; (3) features with possible aqueous origin such as structurally controlled channels that dissect stratigraphically young materials and anastomosing-patterned slope streaks on hillslopes; (4) spatially varying elemental abundances for such elements as hydrogen (H) and chlorine (Cl) recorded in rock materials up to 0.33 m depth; and (5) regions of elevated atmospheric methane. This evidence is pronounced in parts of Tharsis, Elysium, and the region that straddles the two volcanic provinces, collectively referred to here as the Tharsis/Elysium corridor. Based in part on field investigations of Solfatara Crater, Italy, recommended as a suitable terrestrial analog, the Tharsis/Elysium corridor should be considered a prime target for Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO) investigations and future science-driven exploration to investigate whether Mars is internally and hydrologically active at the present time, and whether the persistence of this activity has resulted in biologic activity.  相似文献   

鞍山地区东山杂岩3.3~3.1Ga岩浆作用:地球化学和锆石SHRIMP定年   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

董春艳  万渝生  张玉海  杨之青  刘敦一 《岩石学报》2013,29(2):414-420

本文报道了鞍山地区东山杂岩一露头尺度上所记录的3.33～3.14Ga岩浆作用.3.33Ga辉长岩被3.28Ga和3.14Ga奥长花岗岩切割,显示不同程度的变质变形.变质辉长岩高FeOT、低MgO,稀土总量高,轻重稀土分离不强;片麻状奥长花岗岩高Na2O低K2O,轻重稀土强烈分离.鞍山地区在古太古代-中太古代期间存在强烈岩浆作用,可能反映了长期的高热状态.  相似文献   

云南迪庆春都铜矿控矿地质条件   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

邹国富  罗书斌  吴昊  朱春蓉  李赛 《云南地质》2009,28(4):403-408

铜矿体赋存于印支期浅成-超浅成相的石英二长玢岩体内,具斑岩型矿床的蚀变特征,主要控矿因素为岩浆岩、岩浆侵位的地层、热液蚀变作用和构造裂隙等。是印支期甘孜-理塘洋向西俯冲造山晚期与超浅成斑（玢）岩密切有关的斑岩型铜矿床,矿区及外围具有较大的找矿潜力。  相似文献   

赣南东坑盆地早侏罗世侵入岩的锆石SHRIMP测年——兼论赣南粤北地区成岩后期构造热事件     

余心起  吴淦国  狄永军  邱骏挺  周翔 《岩石学报》2010,26(12):3469-3484

在确定粤北霞岚杂岩形成于早侏罗世的基础上,本文报道了赣南东坑盆地含湖杂岩和临江盆地玄武岩的SHRIMP锆石U-Pb年龄。含湖杂岩由正长岩、花岗闪长岩和辉长辉绿岩组成,SHRIMP锆石U-Pb年龄值花岗闪长岩193±2Ma,混有正长岩的辉长辉绿岩196±1Ma,属于早侏罗世产物。野外可见花岗闪长岩中正长岩包体与基性岩包体共存、以及基性成分渗入正长岩包体中的现象,可能表明存在多次结晶作用。含湖以东约8km处的花岗斑岩186±3Ma。临江盆地的玄武岩则有2570Ma、1730Ma、800Ma、430Ma、190Ma等多期多组捕获锆石的年龄,最迟为早侏罗世,但不能与含湖杂岩构成燕山早期的双峰式火成岩组合。多组~195Ma的火成岩表明,早侏罗世中国东南部岩浆活动间歇期可能时间不长,即印支期的挤压在早侏罗世已经转向伸展垮塌,或者即将开始从特提斯构造域向太平洋构造域的转换。对赣南东坑盆地含湖杂岩和粤北霞岚杂岩钾长石的40Ar/39Ar测年结果为132~137Ma之间,表明中国东南部受到太平洋板块俯冲带后退引起的后缘扩张和动力学背景从挤压到拉张的构造转换事件影响,及由此所引发的大面积火成岩对早期火成岩成岩后期构造热事件扰动。这一认识可以促进对赣南粤北地区早侏罗世构造属性及其后续构造演化的深入研究。  相似文献   

冲绳海槽地热研究中若干问题的探讨   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

李官保  刘保华  李乃胜 《海洋通报》2006,25(5):70-76

根据冲绳海槽地区实测海底热流资料,结合该地区最新的地质地球物理调查研究成果,分析了冲绳海槽地热研究中的几个问题,认为(1)相对于其它边缘海盆地,冲绳海槽是一个高热流异常区,同时具有热流值极不均匀的特点;(2)冲绳海槽的壳幔热流比值介于大陆地壳与大洋地壳之间,具有过渡性地壳的性质;(3)冲绳海槽强烈的岩浆作用是造成局部高热流的重要原因;(4)广泛分布的海底热液活动造成了局部热流值强烈的高低变化。  相似文献   

Geochemistry and tectonic development of Cenozoic magmatism in the Carpathian–Pannonian region     

Ioan Seghedi  Hilary DownesAuthor vitae 《Gondwana Research》2011,20(4):655-672

This review considers the magmatic processes in the Carpathian–Pannonian Region (CPR) from Early Miocene to Recent times, as well as the contemporaneous magmatism at its southern boundary in the Dinaride and Balkans regions. This geodynamic system was controlled by the Cretaceous to Neogene subduction and collision of Africa with Eurasia, especially by Adria that generated the Alps to the north, the Dinaride–Hellenide belt to the east and caused extrusion, collision and inversion tectonics in the CPR. This long-lived subduction system supplied the mantle lithosphere with various subduction components. The CPR contains magmatic rocks of highly diverse compositions (calc-alkaline, K-alkalic, ultrapotassic and Na-alkalic), all generated in response to complex post-collisional tectonic processes. These processes formed extensional basins in response to an interplay of compression and extension within two microplates: ALCAPA and Tisza–Dacia. Competition between the different tectonic processes at both local and regional scales caused variations in the associated magmatism, mainly as a result of extension and differences in the rheological properties and composition of the lithosphere. Extension led to disintegration of the microplates that finally developed into two basin systems: the Pannonian and Transylvanian basins. The southern border of the CPR is edged by the Adria microplate via Sava and Vardar zones that acted as regional transcurrent tectonic areas during Miocene–Recent times.Major, trace element and isotopic data of post-Early Miocene magmatic rocks from the CPR suggest that subduction components were preserved in the lithospheric mantle after the Cretaceous–Miocene subduction and were reactivated especially by extensional tectonic processes that allowed uprise of the asthenosphere. Changes in the composition of the mantle through time support geodynamic scenarios of post-collision and extension processes linked to the evolution of the main blocks and their boundary relations. Weak lithospheric blocks (i.e. ALCAPA and western Tisza) generated the Pannonian basin and the adjacent Styrian, Transdanubian and Z?rand basins which show high rates of vertical movement accompanied by a range of magmatic compositions. Strong lithospheric blocks (i.e. Dacia) were only marginally deformed, where strike–slip faulting was associated with magmatism and extension. At the boundary of Adria and Tisza–Dacia strike–slip tectonics and core complex extension were associated with small volume Miocene magmatism in narrow extensional sedimentary basins or granitoids in core-complex detachment systems along older suture zones (Sava and Vardar) accommodating the extension in the Pannonian basin and afterward Pliocene–Quaternary inversion. Magmas of various compositions appear to have acted as lubricants in a range of tectonic processes.  相似文献   

Numerical modeling of thermal structure, circulation of H₂O, and magmatism–metamorphism in subduction zones: Implications for evolution of arcs   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  

Hikaru Iwamori  Chris Richardson  Shigenori Maruyama 《Gondwana Research》2007,11(1-2):109

Numerical models on thermal structure, convective flow of solid, generation and transportation of H₂O-rich fluid in subduction zones are consolidated to have a comprehensive view of the subduction zone processes: heat balance, circulation of H₂O magmatism–metamorphism, growth of arcs and continental margins. A large scale convection model with steady subduction of a cold old slab (130 Myr old) predicts rapid ( 100 Myr) cooling of subduction zones, resulting in cessation of magmatism. The model also predicts that the mantle temperature beneath arcs and continental margins is greatly affected by the effective temperature of the subducting slab, i.e., the age of the subducting slab. If subduction of a young hot slab, including ridge subduction, occurs every 60 to 120 Myr as is suggested for eastern Asia, the average temperature beneath arcs is increased by about 300 °C, which may explain the long-lasting magmatism in eastern Asia. Associated with subduction of young slabs and ridges, thermal structure and circulation of H₂O are greatly modified to cause a transition from (1) normal arc magmatism, (2) forearc mantle melting, to (3) slab melting to produce a significant amount (100 km³) of granitic melts, associated with both high-P/T and low-P/T type metamorphism. The last stage of (3) can result in formation of a granitic batholith belt and a paired metamorphic belts. Synthesis of the numerical models and observations suggest that episodic subduction of young slabs and ridges can explain heat source for generating a large amount of granitic magmas of batholiths, synchronous formation of batholith and regional metamorphic belts, and P–T conditions of the paired metamorphism. Even the high-P/T metamorphism requires an elevated geothermal structure in the forearc region, associated with ridge subduction. Although the emplacement of the batholiths and the regional metamorphic belts, and the mass balance in subduction zones are not well constrained at present, the episodic event associated with ridge subduction is thought to be essential for net growth of arcs and continental margins, as well as for the long-term heat balance in subduction zones.  相似文献   

The time-space distribution of Eocene to Miocene magmatism in the central Peruvian polymetallic province and its metallogenetic implications     

Thomas Bissig  Thomas D. Ullrich  Richard M. Tosdal  Richard Friedman  Shane Ebert 《Journal of South American Earth Sciences》2008,26(1):16-35

Eocene to late Miocene magmatism in the central Peruvian high-plain (approx. between Cerro de Pasco and Huancayo; Lats. 10.2–12°S) and east of the Cordillera Occidental is represented by scattered shallow-level intrusions as well as subaerial domes and volcanic deposits. These igneous rocks are calc-alkalic and range from basalt to rhyolite in composition, and many of them are spatially, temporally and, by inference, genetically associated with varied styles of major polymetallic mineralization. Forty-four new ⁴⁰Ar–³⁹Ar and three U/Pb zircon dates are presented, many for previously undated intrusions. Our new time constraints together with data from the literature now cover most of the Cenozoic igneous rocks of this Andean segment and provide foundation for geodynamic and metallogenetic research.The oldest Cenozoic bodies are of Eocene age and include dacitic domes to the west of Cerro de Pasco with ages ranging from 38.5 to 33.5 Ma. South of the Domo de Yauli structural dome, Eocene igneous rocks occur some 15 km east of the Cordillera Occidental and include a 39.34 ± 0.28 Ma granodioritic intrusion and a 40.14 ± 0.61 Ma rhyolite sill, whereas several diorite stocks were emplaced between 36 and 33 Ma. Eocene mineralization is restricted to the Quicay high-sulfidation epithermal deposit some 10 km to the west of Cerro de Pasco.Igneous activity in the earliest Oligocene was concentrated up to 70 km east of the Cordillera Occidental and is represented by a number of granodioritic intrusions in the Milpo–Atacocha area. Relatively voluminous early Oligocene dacitic to andesitic volcanism gave rise to the Astabamba Formation to the southeast of Domo de Yauli. Some stocks at Milpo and Atacocha generated important Zn–Pb (–Ag) skarn mineralization. After about 29.3 Ma, magmatism ceased throughout the study region. Late Oligocene igneous activity was restricted to andesitic and dacitic volcanic deposits and intrusions around Uchucchacua (approx. 25 Ma) and felsic rocks west of Tarma (21–20 Ma). A relationship between the Oligocene intrusions and polymetallic mineralization at Uchucchacua is possible, but evidence remains inconclusive.Widespread magmatism resumed in the middle Miocene and includes large igneous complexes in the Cordillera Occidental to the south of Domo de Yauli, and smaller scattered intrusive centers to the north thereof. Ore deposits of modest size are widely associated with middle Miocene intrusions along the Cordillera Occidental, north of Domo de Yauli. However, small volcanic centers were also active up to 50 km east of the continental divide and include dacitic dikes and domes, spatially associated with major base and precious metal mineralization at Cerro de Pasco and Colquijirca. Basaltic volcanism (14.54 ± 0.49 Ma) is locally observed in the back-arc domain south of Domo de Yauli approximately 30 km east of the Cordillera Occidental.After about 10 Ma intrusive activity decreased throughout Central Perú and ceased between 6 and 5 Ma. Late Miocene magmatism was locally related to important mineralization including San Cristobal (Domo de Yauli), Huarón and Yauricocha.Overall, there is no evidence for a systematic eastward migration of the magmatic arc through time. The arc broadened in the late Eocene to early Oligocene, and thereafter ceased over wide areas until the early Miocene, when magmatism resumed in a narrow arc. A renewed widening and subsequent cessation of the arc occurred in the late middle and late Miocene. The pattern of magmatism probably reflects two cycles of flattening of the subduction in the Oligocene and late Miocene. Contrasting crustal architecture between areas south and north of Domo de Yauli probably account for the differences in the temporal and aerial distribution of magmatism in these areas.Ore deposits are most abundant between Domo de Yauli and Cerro de Pasco and were generally emplaced in the middle and late Miocene during the transition to flat subduction and prior to cessation of the arc. Eocene to early Oligocene mineralization also occurred, but was restricted to a broad east–west corridor from Uchucchacua to Milpo–Atacocha, indicating a major upper-plate metallogenetic control.  相似文献   

昆明市东川拖布卡金矿矿石岩石学研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

张学诚  高俊彩 《云南地质》2006,25(3):276-285

中-低温热液型拖布卡金矿，与碱性（钠质）岩浆作用密切相关，尤以与纳长斑岩、二长斑岩最为明显。三类矿源岩石组合提供金质。自然金、显微裂隙金及包裹金组成金的主要赋存状态。提出拖布卡-播卡金矿成矿模式。  相似文献   

滇西北衙金矿区碱性斑岩岩石学、年代学和地球化学特征及其成因机制   总被引：15，自引：5，他引：15  

徐兴旺  蔡新平  宋保昌  张宝林  应汉龙  肖骑彬  王杰 《岩石学报》2006,22(3):631-642

报道了在北衙金矿区新发现的含矿石英钠长斑岩的特征以及某些罕见的地质现象,如石英正长斑岩侵位于岩溶洞穴,黑云正长斑岩侵位于未固结河湖相沉积物中,并形成诸如微晶与玻璃质基质共生和斑岩与围岩混积等奇特结构构造,并给出了矿区斑岩系统的~(39)Ar/~(40)Ar年龄。年龄结果显示:石英钠长斑岩形成于第三纪早期、年龄为65．56Ma,石英正长斑岩形成于25～33Ma之间,黑云正长斑岩侵位于上新世、两个岩体黑云母的年龄分别为3．66Ma和3．78Ma。矿区石英钠长斑岩、石英正长斑岩和黑云正长斑岩均为碱性斑岩,具有一些相似的地球化学特征,包括岩石中(K_2O+Na_2O)＞10%,SiO_2＞67%,富轻稀土、与OIB相似的REE稀土分配模式,Sr＞400×10~(-6),~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr＞0．707。矿区碱性斑岩的REE组成和Nd-Sr-Pb同位素组成显示斑岩成因于含有大洋岛屿玄武岩(OIB)、大洋中脊玄武岩(MORB)、正常沉积岩和上地幔(EMII+PREMA)组分的混合源,我们进一步推断北衙矿区碱性斑岩和滇西其它第三纪碱性斑岩一样成因于被掩埋的古金沙江特提斯大洋岩石圈与其上覆上地幔之间因印度-亚洲大陆俯冲-碰撞而导致的强烈剪切变形所引起和形成的熔体的上侵。  相似文献